Nekukurumidza kupfuura nakare kose, nyika iri kuchinja nekuda kwekuchinja kwedhijitari.
Nekuuya kuri kuuya kweimwe mhando-itsva wave tekinoroji inokwanisa kushandura zvakanyanya maparadigm azvino nekumhanya kunoshamisa uye nesimba: quantum computing, kunzwisisa iwo akakosha mazano enguva yedhijitari kuchave kwakakosha.
Nzira yekubudirira inonzi quantum computing inoshandisa quantum physics kugadzirisa matambudziko ari pamusoro pemakomputa akajairwa.
Quantum theory misimboti inoratidza maitiro uye simba paatomu uye subatomic zviyero, uye IBM's Qiskit ndeye yakavhurika-sosi quantum software yekuvandudza kit inobatsira mukugadzira quantum computing masisitimu.
Ichi chinyorwa chinotsvaga kutsanangura izvi uye kukupa iwe tarisiro ye quantum computing.
Tichatsanangurira vaverengi vedu nerubatsiro rweyakavhurika sosi quantum computing SDK, kureva. Qiskit uye regai vaongorore vachishandisa Jupyter Notebooks yakaitwa paIBM Quantum Lab.
Chii chinonzi Quantum Computing?
Quantum komputa ibazi resainzi yekombuta rinotarisa mukuvandudza tekinoroji yekombuta richishandisa mazano kubva kuquantum theory.
Zvinotora mukana weiyo yakasarudzika kugona kwe subatomic zvimedu kuti zvivepo panguva imwe chete munzvimbo dzakawanda, senge 0 uye 1.
Ivo vanokwanisa kugadzirisa data rakawanda kupfuura makomputa akajairwa.
Mune quantum computing process, qubit inogadzirwa uchishandisa quantum mamiriro echinhu. Izvo zvakakosha zvimedu zveruzivo mu quantum computing ndezve qubits.
Ivo vanoita basa rakafanana semabhiti mune yakajairwa komputa mu quantum komputa, asi ivo vanoita zvakasiyana. Quantum computing imunda wakabuda muma1980s.
Zvadaro zvakazoonekwa kuti quantum algorithms yainyanya kushanda pakuita mamwe mabasa emakombuta kupfuura avo ekare.
Superposition uye entanglement, pfungwa mbiri kubva quantum fizikisi, ndiwo hwaro hwakavakirwa aya macomputer makuru.
Mukuenzanisa nemakomputa akajairwa, quantum makomputa parizvino anogona kuita maodha emabasa ehukuru nekukurumidza asi achipedza simba rakawanda rakaderera.
Tinofanira kuenderera mberi nekushanda kwemakomputa equantum kuti tinzwisise zvizere. Ngatitangei zvino.
Ko quantum komputa inoshanda sei chaizvo?
Kuenzaniswa nemakomputa echinyakare atakajaira, quantum makomputa anosvika pakugadzirisa matambudziko zvakasiyana. Kune mamwe mabasa, quantum makomputa anodiwa kune echinyakare munzira dzakati wandei.
Kukwanisa kwavo kuvapo munyika dzakawanda panguva imwe chete kunofungidzirwa kuti ndicho chikonzero. Nekune rimwe divi, makomputa akajairwa anogona kungove mune imwe nyika kamwechete.
Pane matatu akakosha pfungwa aunofanirwa kunzwisisa kuti unzwisise kuti quantum makomputa anoshanda sei:
- Superposition.
- Entanglement.
- Kupindira.
Overlay
Bits ndiwo akakosha zvikamu zvechinyakare makomputa. Quantum bits, kana Qubits, ndiwo mayuniti ekutanga emakomputa ehuwandu.
Chaizvoizvo, quantum bits inoshanda zvakasiyana. Iyo bhinari bhiti, dzimwe nguva inozivikanwa sechinyakare bhiti, inochinja inogona kunge iri 0 kana 1.
Isu tinogashira bhiti mamiriro azvino kana tazviyera. MaQubits akasiyana pane izvi. MaQubits anogona kufananidzwa nemiseve inonongedza mumativi matatu.
Ivo vari mu 0 mamiriro kana vakanongedza kumusoro. Ivo vari mu1 state kana vakanongedza pasi. Zvakafanana ndezvechokwadi nezve classical bits.
Nekudaro, ivo vanogona zvakare kusarudza kuve mune superposition mamiriro.
Museve uri muchimiro chekunongedza kune imwe nzira. Iyo yepamusoro ye0 uye 1 inoguma mune iyi mamiriro. A Qubit icharamba ichiburitsa 1 kana 0 semhedzisiro kana yayerwa.
Zvisineyi, kutariswa kwemuseve kunotara mukana unoenderana.
Iwe unowanzo gamuchira 1 kana museve wakanyanya kunongedzera pasi uye 0 kana wakatarisa kumusoro.
Iwe uchave uine 50% mukana wekuhwina kune yega yega kana museve uri pakati. Muchidimbu, iyo ndiyo superposition.
Kupinda
Iwo mabhiti mukombuta yechinyakare akazvimirira kubva kune mumwe. Chimiro chechimwe chikamu hachina basa pane chimwe chimiro.
Iwo maqubits ari muquantum makomputa anogona kupindirana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanobatana kuita imwechete hombe quantum state.
Kuenzanisira, funga nezvemaqubits maviri ari muzvimiro zvakasiyana-siyana asi asati abatwa. Panguva ino, mukana wavo hausi kuvimba nemumwe.
Kana isu tikazvibatisa, isu tinofanirwa kurasa izvo zvakazvimirira zvingangoitika toona zvingaitika zvedzimwe nyika dzese dzatinogona kutiza, dzinoti, 00, 01, 10, uye 11.
Mukana wekugoverwa kwehurongwa hwese hunoshandurwa kana gwara remuseve pane imwe qubit rakashandurwa nekuti maqubits akapinzwa.
Kuzvimiririra kwequbits kubva kune mumwe kwakarasika. Chimwe nechimwe chazvo chikamu chechimiro chakakura chakakura. Hazvina mhosva kuti iwe une ma qubit mangani, izvi zvichiri zvakadaro.
Pane inogoneka musanganiswa we2n inoti kune quantum komputa ine n qubits.
Iwe une mukana wekugovera munzvimbo mbiri, semuenzaniso, kune imwe qubit. Une mukana wekugovera kumativi mana kune maviri qubits, nezvimwewo. Musiyano mukuru pakati pekirasi uye quantum makomputa ndouyu.
Iwe unogona kuisa classic makomputa mune chero mamiriro aunosarudza, asi imwe chete panguva. Yese idzo nyika dzinogona kuvapo panguva imwe chete pamakomputa ehuwandu seyepamusoro.
Ko komputa ingabatsirwa sei nekuve mumatunhu ese kamwechete? Chinhu chekupedzisira chekuvhiringidza chinopinda panguva ino.
chipingaidzo
A quantum wave function inogona kushandiswa kutsanangura mamiriro equbit.
Iyo yakakosha yemasvomhu tsananguro yezvese mu quantum fizikisi inopihwa nemafungu mabasa.
Kana akawanda qubits akapindwa muropa, mafungu ega ega ega anosanganiswa kuti aite imwechete wave basa rinotsanangura mamiriro ese ehuwandu hwekombuta.
Kukanganisika mhedzisiro yekuwedzera mafungu aya mabasa pamwechete. Kana masaisai awedzerwa pamwe chete, anogona kupindirana zvinovaka uye kusanganisa kugadzira masaisai makuru, sezvinoita mafungu emvura.
Vanogonawo kudyidzana zvinoparadza kuti varwisane. Mukana wakasiyana-siyana wematunhu akasiyana anotemerwa neiyo quantum komputa's general wave function.
Isu tinogona kushandura mukana wekuti dzimwe nyika dzichabuda patinoyera iyo quantum komputa nekushandura nyika dzeakasiyana qubits.
Kunyangwe iyo quantum komputa inogona kuvapo mune akati wandei ematunhu kamwechete, zviyero zvinongoratidza imwe yeidzo nyika.
Naizvozvo, paunenge uchishandisa komputa yehuwandu kupedzisa basa rekuverenga, kupindira kunovaka kunodiwa kusimudza mukana wekugamuchira mhinduro chaiyo uye kukanganisa kunoparadza kudzikisa mukana wekugamuchira isiriyo.
Zvino, ngatitange neQiskit.
Chii Qiskit?
Qiskit ndeye IBM-inotsigirwa nemari software yakagadzirirwa kuita kuti zvive nyore kune chero munhu kupinda mumunda we quantum computing.
Nekuti quantum makomputa inonetsa kuwana, unogona kuwana imwe kuburikidza nemupi wegore, senge IBM, uchishandisa yavo Qiskit toolbox.
Inowanikwa mahara, uye kodhi yayo yese iripo open source.
Iko kune online bhuku iyo inokudzidzisa zvese zvakakosha zve quantum fizikisi, iyo inobatsira zvikuru kune avo vasina kujairana nechidzidzo. Python inoshandiswa kugadzira Qiskit toolkit.
Saka, kana iwe uchijairana nePython programming mutauro, iwe unozoona yakawanda kodhi.
Iyo software framework yakakodzera kune avo vanoda dzidza nezve quantum computing nepo ndichiwanawo ruzivo rwokuzviwanira runoshanda.
Iyo inonyanya kukosha yeQiskit ndeyekuti inoshanda mumatanho maviri. Imwe yematanho idanho rekuvaka, umo isu tinogadzira akati wandei quantum maseketi uye tinoshandisa iwo maseketi kugadzirisa dambudziko.
Zvino, mushure mekupedza nhanho yekuvaka kana kusvika kune mhinduro, tinoenderera kune inotevera nhanho, inozivikanwa seye execute nhanho, yatinoyedza kumhanya yedu kuvaka kana mhinduro mune akasiyana backends (state vector backend, unitary backend, yakavhurika. ASM backend), uye mushure mekumhanya kwapera, isu tinogadzira iyo data mukuvaka kune yaunoda kuburitsa.
Kutanga neQiskit
Pakombuta yako kana Jupyter Notebook iyo IBM inotambira, unogona kuiisa munharaunda. Nyora kodhi inotevera yekuisa munharaunda pakombuta yeWindows:
Isu tinofanirwa kunyoresa pano kuitira kuti tiwane iyo API tokeni inotigonesa kushandisa IBM's quantum zvishandiso, tobva tatanga kushanda newebsite yekambani. Unogona kufungidzira uchiita izvi uchishandisa Qiskit-yakaiswa Jupyter Notebook inoshanda online.
Iwe unogona kuiwana nekusarudza yako Profile kubva kumenyu iri kumusoro kurudyi peji, wobva wasarudza iyo Akaunti ruzivo. Iwe unogona kuwana yako API tokeni pasi pechikamu pane API tokeni muchimiro che ***. Inokopwa uye yobva yaiswa mune inotevera kodhi:
Kana kodhi iyi yaitwa, yako API tokeni ichachengetwa pakombuta yako, zvichiita kuti ushandise IBM's quantum zvishandiso. Isa zvinotevera kuti uone kana uchikwanisa kuwana mudziyo wakadaro:
Kana iyo kodhi yambotaurwa ichimhanya, iwe unofanirwa kukwanisa kumhanyisa kodhi kwete pakombuta yako chete asi zvakare nekutumira yakavakirwa-mukati quantum maseketi kune IBM's quantum zvishandiso uye kugamuchira mhinduro.
Saka, tichishandisa raibhurari yematunhu, tinogona kutanga kugadzira yedu yekutanga quantum algorithm. Isu tinotanga nekuunza izvo zvakakosha zvinotsamira kubva kuQiskit muchirongwa chedu.
Isu tinobva tagadzira maviri-qubit quantum rejista uye maviri-bit akajairika rejista.
Saka ikozvino isu tine zvese classical uye quantum rejista yakagadzwa. Tichishandisa aya maviri, tinogona kuvaka dunhu uye kana, chero nguva mukushandurwa kwedunhu, iwe unoshuvira kudhirowa kuti quantum wedunhu inotaridzika sei, nyora inotevera kodhi:
Isu tinogona kuona kubva pamufananidzo kuti dunhu rine maviri quantum bits uye maviri ekirasi mabhiti.
Sezvazviri, dunhu iri harina magedhi, zvichiita kuti rive risingafadzi. Zvino ngativake dunhu tichishandisa masuwo equantum. Sezvakaita classical magedhi anonzwisisika (UYE, KANA magedhi) ndeaya akajairwa edhijitari maseketi, quantum magedhi ndiwo akakosha zvikamu zve quantum maseketi.
Kushandisa gedhi reHadamard kune yekutanga qubit ndiyo nhanho yekutanga mukugadzira kupindira. Zvadaro, tichishandisa kodhi inotevera, isu tichawedzera maviri-qubit anodzorwa x oparesheni:
Iye zvino sezvo vaviri ava vanoshanda vakashandiswa kuvaka yedu quantum dunhu, yave nguva yekuyera iyo quantum bits (qubits), tora zviyero izvozvo, uye uzvichengete mu classical bits. Ngatigadzire kodhi inodiwa kuti tiite izvo:
Mufananidzo uri pazasi unoratidza marongerwo edunhu redu:
Dunhu rinofanirwa kumhanyiswa pane yechinyakare komputa simulator. Dunhu rakapera. Uye ongorora mhedzisiro yekuurayiwa ikoko.
Mashoko akawanikwa kubva pakuita dunhu iroro anochengetwa mumhedzisiro inoshanduka. Ngatiratidze mhinduro idzi tichishandisa plot histogram.
Ndizvo zvinoitika kana isu tichimhanya yedu quantum circuit. Panhamba 00 ne11, tinogashira zvingangoitika zve50%. Yako yekutanga quantum komputa yedunhu yakavakwa. Makorokoto!
Zvishandiso zveQiskit Quantum Computing
Qiskit Finance
Muunganidzwa wezvishandiso zvekuratidzira uye mashandisirwo anopihwa neQiskit Finance. Izvi zvinosanganisira vashanduri veIsing vekugadzirisa portfolio, vatengesi vedata kune chaiyo kana isina kurongeka data, uye kushandiswa kwemitengo yemhando dzakasiyana dzemari kana kuongororwa kwenjodzi.
Vadivelu Comedy Qiskit Nature
Mapurogiramu akafanana protein kupeta uye yemagetsi / vibronic chimiro computations yezvose zviri zviviri zvinofadza uye pasi pasi zvinotsigirwa neQiskit Nature.
Inopa ese zvikamu zvinodiwa pakubatanidza classical kodhi uye otomatiki kushandura kune akasiyana anomiririra anodiwa nequantum makomputa.
Qiskit Machine Kudzidza
Quantum machine learning nzira dzinodzishandisa kugadzirisa matambudziko akasiyana, sekudzoreredza uye kurongedza, zvinopihwa neQiskit Machine Kudzidza pamwe neakakosha quantum kernels uye quantum neural network (QNNs) sezvivharo zvekuvaka.
Inogonesawo kubatana kweQNNs kuPyTorch nechinangwa chekubatanidza zvinhu zvehuwandu mumabasa echinyakare.
Qiskit Optimization
Qiskit Optimization inopa huwandu hwese hwemasevhisi ekugadzirisa, kusanganisira yemhando yepamusoro yekumisikidza nyaya dzekugadzirisa, kushandura otomatiki kwezvinetso kune akasiyana anomiririra anomiririra, uye muunganidzwa wenzira dzakareruka dzekuwedzera.
mhedziso
Mukupedzisa, nepo supercomputer inokurumidza kuwanikwa ikozvino inotora makore, quantum makomputa anogona kukurumidza kupaza kuburikidza neazvino encryption nzira.
Kunyangwe chokwadi chekuti makomputa equantum achakwanisa kutyora akawanda enzira dzekuvharidzira anoshandiswa nhasi, zvinotarisirwa kuti ivo vachagadzira hack-uchapupu vanotsiva.
Kugadzirisa matambudziko isimba re quantum makomputa. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, ndapota shanya Qiskit GitHub.
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