Tekinoroji yevanhu yasvika pachinhanho chayo nehurongwa hwedhijitari.
A microcontroller kana microprocessor inowanzo shandiswa mumasisitimu akadaro, ayo anochengeta, anogadzirisa, uye anoendesa data mudhijitari fomu.
Digital maseketi anopa uye kugamuchira data mumabhinari manhamba (1s uye 0s).
Uyezve, magedhi emufungo akaisa hwaro hwehuwandu hwemaseketi edhijitari aripo nhasi.
Makomputa ave chinhu chakakosha chehupenyu hwezuva nezuva sezvo achigona kuita akasiyana mabasa uye mashandiro munguva pfupi pfupi.
Rimwe remabasa akanyanya kukosha eCPU yekombuta kuita maitiro ane musoro uchishandisa Hardware senge Integrated Circuits, software tekinoroji, uye maseketi emagetsi.
Makomputa anoshandisa madhijitari ebhinari kwete madhijitari pakuita zviri nyore. Iwo magedhi ane logic anoita mabasa ese.
Chii chinonzi logic gedhi?
A logic gedhi chikamu chedhijitari maseketi anoshanda sechivakwa chekuvaka.
Ivo vanoita zvakakosha zvine musoro mashandiro mudhijitari wedunhu. Logic magedhi anoshandiswa munenge mune yese tekinoroji michina yatinoshandisa mazuvano.
Logic magedhi, semuenzaniso, anogona kuwanikwa panharembozha, mahwendefa, uye ndangariro zvishandiso.
A wedunhu logic magedhi anoita sarudzo zvichienderana nemusanganiswa wemasaini edhijitari anotumirwa mune zvawo. Iyo yakawanda yakawanda yemagedhi elogic ane maviri ekupinda uye imwe inobuda.
Kugadzira magedhi emufungo, Boolean algebra inoshandiswa. Chero nguva, imwe neimwe terminal iri mune imwe yemabhinari maviri anoti: nhema kana chokwadi.
Nhema yakaenzana ne zero, nepo chokwadi ichienzana nerimwe. Iyo bhinari inobuda ichasiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwegidhi relogic rinoshandiswa uye musanganiswa wekuisa.
Gedhi remufungo rakafanana nerenje switch yekuti chinobuda chinodzimwa pane imwe nzvimbo uye pane imwe. Logic magedhi anowanzo shandiswa mumasekete akabatanidzwa (ICs).
Ndeapi marudzi akasiyana emagedhi elogic?
Logic magedhi akaiswa mumhando nomwe:
- AND
- OR
- NOT
- Kunyange
- NAND
- XOR
- XNOR
Zvino, ngatinyure zvakadzama mune rimwe nerimwe rawo.
1. UYE Gedhi
Iro logic gedhi padanho rayo rekutanga. Kune marudzi maviri ekupinza anowanikwa: 0 uye 1.
Kushanda kwayo kwakafanana neye "uye" mushandisi. Kana zvese zvinopinda zvegedhi zvine kukosha kwakafanana (kwechokwadi), mhedzisiro ndeye 1, zvimwe 0 inounzwa kana chero ipi zvayo yekupinda ine kukosha kwakafanana (nhema).
Tsanangudzo
Y = AB
Dhiagramu Dhizaini
Chokwadi Tafura
A | B | goho |
0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 1 |
2. KANA Gedhi
KANA magedhi ane maviri kana anopfuura ekupinda uye imhando yegedhi rinonzwisisika.
Inogona chete kuburitsa chinhu chimwe chete panguva, zvakadaro. Zvinoenderana nealgebra, iyo OR gedhi rinoburitsa huwandu hweiyo data yekupinza.
Iyo OR gedhi rinobuda rinowanzova chokwadi (1) kana chimwe chezvaro chiri chokwadi; kana zvisina kudaro, mhedzisiro i zero.
Tsanangudzo
Y = A+B
Dhiagramu Dhizaini
Chokwadi Tafura
A | B | goho |
0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 1 |
3. KWETE Gedhi
Inogona kuva nekupinza chimwe chete uye kubuda panguva ipi zvayo. KWETE masuwo, kune rumwe rutivi, anowanzo shandiswa kugadzira kuburitsa pane kupinza.
Mhedzisiro yacho ndeye 0 kana iyo NOT gedhi rekupinda riri 1; kana mapindiro ari 0, mhedzisiro yacho 1.
Nekuda kwebasa rayo, inozivikanwa zvakare se inverter. Iyo NOT gedhi dzimwe nguva inozivikanwa seUnary gedhi nekuda kwehuwandu hwakajeka hwehuwandu hwekupinza.
Tsanangudzo
Y=A'
Dhiagramu Dhizaini
Chokwadi Tafura
Input (A) | Kubuda (Kwete A) |
0 | 1 |
1 | 0 |
4. NOR Gate
Yakagadzirwa ese ari maviri OR uye KWETE masuwo. Iyo NOR gedhi ndiro rakapesana nere OR gedhi maererano nemashandiro aro.
Chero nguva ipi zvayo, gedhi reNOR rinogona kuva nemapopu maviri kana anopfuura asi kubuda kumwe chete. Kana zvese zvinopinda zviri zero, gedhi reNOR rinodzoka 1; zvisinei, kana imwe yezvipimo iri imwe (1), inobuda zero (0).
Tsanangudzo
Y=(A+B)'
Dhiagramu Dhizaini
Chokwadi Tafura
A | B | goho |
0 | 0 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 0 |
5. NAND Gedhi
Musanganiswa weUYE gedhi uye HASI gedhi iro rinogona kugamuchira maviri kana anopfuura ekupinda panguva imwe chete asi rinongoburitsa rimwe chete.
Nzira yegedhi reNAND ndiyo inopesana neiyo yeAND gedhi. Kana imwe yekupinda kweNAND gedhi iri 0, kuburitsa 1 kunowanikwa; kana zvisina kudaro, kubuda kunogara kuri 0.
Tsanangudzo
Y=(AB)'
Dhiagramu Dhizaini
Chokwadi Tafura
A | B | goho |
0 | 0 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 |
6. XOR Gedhi
Iyo Exclusive-OR, inowanzozivikanwa se'Ex-OR' gedhi, igedhi redhijitari rinotora zvinopfuura zviviri zvekupinza asi rinongoburitsa kukosha kumwe chete.
XOR Gate yabuda i'1' kana imwe yezvipo iri '1.' Mhedzisiro iyi '0' kana zvese zviri zviviri zviri '1.' Mhedzisiro iyi '0' kana zvese zviri zviviri zviri '0.'
Tsanangudzo
Y=A'.B+A.B'
Dhiagramu Dhizaini
Chokwadi Tafura
A | B | goho |
0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 |
7. XNOR Gedhi
Iyo Exclusive-NOR, inowanzozivikanwa se'EX-NOR' gedhi, igedhi redhijitari rinotora zvinopfuura zviviri zvekupinza asi rinongoburitsa rimwe chete.
Kana zvese zviri zviviri zviri '1,' XNOR Gate yabuda i'1.' Mhedzisiro yacho ndeye '0' apo zvese zvinoiswa zviri '0.' Mhedzisiro ichave '0' kana imwe yezvipo iri '0.'
Tsanangudzo
Y=A.B+A'B'
Dhiagramu Dhizaini
Chokwadi Tafura
A | B | goho |
0 | 0 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 0 |
Logic Gedhi Rinoshandisa
- Logic magedhi anogona kubatanidzwa munzira dzakati wandei, uye azvino zvishandiso, setiraiti, uye kunyange marobhoti anoda miriyoni yemasanganiswa aya.
- Logic magedhi anoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzekushandisa. Machipisi (ICs) ane zvikamu izvi, zvinowanikwa mumakombuta, mafoni, malaptop, nezvimwe midziyo yemagetsi.
- Kufambiswa kwedata, kuverengera, uye kugadzirisa data zvese zvinobatsira kubva kune logic gedhi. Logic magedhi anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu transistor-transistor logic uye CMOS zvemagetsi.
- Maalarm eBurglar, mabuzzers, switch, uye marambi emumugwagwa ese anoshandisa nyore logic gedhi musanganiswa. Aya magedhi anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana sezvo achigona kusarudza kutanga kana kumira zvichienderana nekunzwisisa.
zvayakanakira
- Hadzidhure. Nekuda kweizvozvo, ivo vanove vanodhura zvakanyanya.
- Inoda magetsi mashoma.
- Logic 0 uye logic 1 zvakapatsanurwa zvakajeka.
- Inoshanda sehwaro hwegajeti yega yega yedhijitari.
- Inoshandisa Boolean Algebra kuita mashandiro ane musoro.
nezvayakaipira
- Logic gedhi rekuziva hazvifungidzike mune yakanyanya kuomesesa sisitimu kana dhizaini dhizaini sezvo zvichinetsa kuisa nekuzvibatanidza nenzira kwayo.
- Low operating voltage chinhu chakanaka kuva nacho.
- Kupinza uye kubuda kunoparadzaniswa nekunonoka kwenguva.
mhedziso
Kuyerera kwemagetsi emagetsi kunobatwa negedhi rine logic.
Iwe unofanirwa kupa yekuisa kwairi, uye kana iyo yekufambisa ikagoneswa, ikozvino inogona kuyerera kuburikidza nayo.
Maitiro ekuyerera kwazvino iwe uri kushandisa se switch anowanzo kutsanangurwa neiyo logic gedhi.
Iwe unogona kushandisa magedhi anonzwisisika kuita mabhinari mashandiro sekuwedzera, kuwanda, uye kupatsanura.
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