Vanhu vazhinji vari kunetsekana nezve kutsanangurwa kwekamera, saizi yechidzitiro, uye huwandu hwekuchengetedza pavanenge vachitora smartphone nyowani. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha zveizvi zvinokwezva zvevatengi zvinhu ndeye inoshanda sisitimu, iyo iri nyore kufuratira.
Google's Android ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa pasi rose nharembozha. Inowanikwa mune anopfuura 86 muzana emafoni emafoni pasi rese. Chinonyanya kushamisa ndechekuti Android yakavakirwa pane yakavhurika-sosi Linux inoshanda sisitimu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chero munhu anogona kuverenga, kushandura, uye, zvakanyanya kukosha, kugovera kodhi pamwoyo wehuwandu hukuru hwemafoni. Kudyidzana kunogoneka nekubuda pachena uku.
Kusiyana neMicrosoft Windows, semuenzaniso, iyo yakagadzirwa uye yakachengetedzwa nekambani imwe chete. Kupfuura 15000 programmers kubva kumativi ese epasi vanopa mukusimudzira nekuchengetedza Linux. Vagadziri ava vanogona kupa kuvaka chimwe chinhu chitsva chinogoverwa pachena.
Chii chinonzi Open-Source?
Chidimbu chesoftware icho yekutanga kodhi kodhi inogadzirwa pachena uye inogona kugovaniswa nekugadziridzwa sezvinodiwa nemushandisi. Open-source software isoftware umo iyo kodhi kodhi kana base kodhi inowanzowanikwa kune chero munhu kuti agadzirise kana kunatsiridza kuti ishandiswe zvakare uye kuwanikwa.
Chidimbu chesoftware chinogona kushandiswa nekushandurwa nemunhu wese kuti chirongwa kana application ishande nemazvo. Vagadziri vezvirongwa vane mukana wekodhi yepurogiramu yekombuta vanogona kuisimudzira nekuwedzera maficha kana kugadzirisa zvikamu zvisingashande zvakanaka nguva dzose.
Yakavhurika-sosi software inogadzirwa nenzira yakasarudzika uye yekubatana, zvichienderana nekuongorora kwevezera uye kuburitswa kwenharaunda. Nekuti inogadzirwa nenharaunda kwete munyori mumwechete kana mubatanidzwa, yakavhurika-sosi software kazhinji isingadhure, inochinjika, uye ine hupenyu hurefu kupfuura proprietary software.
Gore rega rega, yakavhurika-sosi inowedzera kuwanda, ichionekwa kwese kwese kubva kumaguta ehurumende kuenda kumasangano. Iri kuwedzerawo mukurumbira pakati pemabhizinesi eese saizi. Muchokwadi, mamwe mabhizinesi ari kutora yakavhurika-sosi kune inotevera nhanho nekubhadhara mari mapurojekiti kana kushandira pamwe nevagadziri.
Kudyidzana kunosimudzira hunyanzvi nemahara uye yakavhurika-sosi. Tekinoroji yakawanda yatinotora seyakareruka nhasi ingadai isina shanduka kana kuchengetedzwa nemutemo wepatent dai pasina izvozvo.
Nhoroondo
Vatsvagiri vanoshanda pamatekinoroji ekutanga einternet uye kutaurirana network mapuroteni vakabatsirwa kubva kune yakavhurika uye inodyidzana yekutsvagisa nharaunda muma1950 nema1960. Ongororo yevezera uye mhinduro dzakavhurika dzakasimudzirwa neAdvanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), iyo yakazove musimboti weinternet yemazuva ano.
Iyo kodhi kodhi yeboka rega rega revashandisi yakagovaniswa uye yakagadziridzwa. Maforamu akabatsira mukufambisira nhaurirano pamwe nekuvandudzwa kwekutaurirana kwakasununguka uye tsika dzekudyidzana. Kudyidzana, ongororo yevezera, kutaurirana, uye kuvhurika zvakabikwa mumidzi yeinternet panguva yayakatangwa mukutanga ma1990.
Pfungwa yekugadzira kodhi yekodhi inowanikwa pachena yakabva pamushandirapamwe wenjere wakatangwa zvisina kurongwa naRichard Stallman, mugadziri wepurogiramu paMIT, muna 1983. Stallman akafunga kuti software inofanira kuwanikwa kune vanogadzira mapurogiramu kuitira kuti vashandure sezvavaona zvakakodzera kuitira kuti zvive nani. nzwisisa, dzidza nezvazvo, uye uvandudze.
Stallman akatanga kugovera software yemahara pasi perezinesi rake, GNU Public License. Iyi hunyanzvi hutsva uye maitiro akatenderedza software yekuvandudza akawana traction, pakupedzisira achitungamira kune iyo nheyo yeOpen Source Initiative muna 1998.
Open-Source vs. Yakavharwa-Mabviro Software
Open-Source Software
- Inosvikika sosi software isoftware yemukombuta ine kodhi yekodhi yakavhurika kune veruzhinji, ichibvumira chero munhu kuti aione nekuishandisa.
- Iyo kodhi inogona kuchinjwa nevamwe vanhu nemasangano, iyo kodhi kodhi inowanikwa kune chero munhu.
- Mutengo we-open-source software wakaderera.
- Kana chirongwa ichi chakakurumbira, nhamba yakakura yevagadziri vanogona kupihwa kupurojekiti.
- Pane zvishoma zvisingakwanisi kune vashandisi maererano nekushandiswa kwesoftware uye kugadzirisa.
- Chero muchina unogona kugadzirwa kuti ushande yakavhurika software.
- firefox, Android neGoogle, Linux operating system, Android, Thunderbird, MySQL, Mailman, Moodle, Perl, PHP, uye Python mimwe mienzaniso.
Yakavharwa-Mabviro Software
- Yakavharwa sosi software isoftware yekombuta ine yakavharwa sosi kodhi, izvo zvinoreva kuti veruzhinji havakwanise kuwana iyo source code.
- Munhu chete kana boka rakagadzira software ndiro rinokwanisa kushandura kodhi.
- Iyo kodhi kodhi yeyakavharwa sosi software yakachengetedzwa.
- Pane miganho yakati wandei yakatemerwa vashandisi zvinoenderana nekushandiswa kwesoftware uye kugadzirisa.
- Iyo software femu/sangano inohaya vanogadzira mapurogiramu kuti vavandudze software.
- Yakavharwa sosi software inodhura.
- Isati yaiswa pane chero komputa, yakavharwa software inofanirwa kunge iine rezinesi rinoshanda.
- Iko hakuna nzvimbo yekukanganisa mune yakavharwa-sosi software.
- Skype, Google Earth, Java, Adobe Flash, Virtual Box, Adobe Reader, Microsoft Office, Microsoft Windows, WinRAR, mac OS, Adobe Flash Player mimwe mienzaniso.
Kubatsirwa
Open-source kodhi yakabatsira vese vanoda kugadzira uye makambani makuru muhunyanzvi hwavo hwetekinoroji. Iyo haiperi-inopedza dzidzo, kunyanya kupihwa kusimuka kwemhedzisiro yekodha. Iyi inogara ichiwedzera network yemazano ingori kutanga kwekuti software yakadai inogona kubatsira sei kambani yako.
Kutambanudza bhajeti kunogona kunge kuri kurwa kwemazuva ese kwekutanga. Kuvepo kwemapurojekiti akavhurika-sosi inobvumira vatengi kugamuchira tekinoroji nyowani vasingabhadhare mari yenhengo kana kusaina zvibvumirano zvenguva refu. Kunze kwemutengo wakaderera (kana usipo), akavhurika-sosi maraibhurari anobvumira zvikwata kuti zvitange kugadzira hurongwa hweIT kana kugadzira chishandiso chitsva.
Zvakawanda zvebasa iri zvakatoitirwa iwe nekuda kwekuvhura-sosi. Izvi zvinosunungura nguva yevagadziri yekugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa. Pachave paine mamiriro ezvinhu apo masangano anoshuvira kutanga kubva pakutanga nebudiriro, asi kunyangwe mabhureki makuru epasirese anoziva nguva nemari inochengetwa nekushandisa yakavhurika-source tekinoroji. Vhura-sosi zvikamu, zvingave zvichishandiswa semakiti ekutanga ezvishandiso zvakaoma kana zvidimbu zvepuzzle kuti ubatsire kupedza purojekiti inogona kunge iri imwe nzira inobatsira kune vese vanogadzira uye zvikwata zvemabhizinesi.
Nharaunda dzepamhepo dzakaita seGitHub dzinoratidza kugona kwekubatana kwesoftware, ichipa imba kumamirioni evagadziri uye makambani kugamuchira, kuongorora, uye kushandisa yakavhurika-sosi mapuratifomu. Microsoft yakabhadhara $7.5 bhiriyoni yepuratifomu muna 2018. Uyu ungangove iwo muenzaniso unonyanya kuoneka kusvika nhasi wekuti yakakurumbira yakavhurika-sosi tekinoroji yave sei, uye iyo yakasimbisa IT hofori dziri kuisa mari mune ramangwana renharaunda iyi.
Nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, kugadzira uye kuita yakavhurika-sosi software zano kwave kunetsa. Mumwe nemumwe uye pamwe chete, vakavhura-sosi software vanogadzira vanotsvaga mhinduro dzakanakisa kumatambudziko ehunyanzvi, zvichikonzera software inovimbika, yakachengeteka, uye yemahara. Iyo purogiramu inovandudza nekufamba kwenguva semugumisiro wekushanda kwavo vasinganeti.
Maitiro aya anobatsirwa nenheyo dzakawanda, kusanganisira iyo Linux Foundation, inotsigira yakavhurika-sosi munzvimbo dzakati wandei tekinoroji, iyo Apache Software Foundation, uye Eclipse Foundation.
Ivo vanogadzira zviyero mukubatana nemabhemoth edhijitari akadai seAWS, Facebook, Google, IBM, Microsoft, Netflix, uye SAP, pamwe nevagadziri vehardware vakaita seCisco, Intel, uye. Tesla. Vanovakawo vatengesi-vakazvimiririra dzimba dzemapurojekiti, vanopa rubatsiro rwemari kune zvivakwa, vanobatsira nekushambadzira, uye vanosarudza makomiti ekuita sarudzo dzakangwara dzeprojekiti.
Kupfupisa, mamwe emabhenefiti makuru ekuvhura-sosi ndeaya:
- Hardware mari yakaderera.
- Software yemhando yepamusoro.
- Pasi rose rutsigiro nevagadziri.
- Kuchinja-chinja uye rusununguko.
- Kutarisira marezinesi kuri nyore.
- Kuisa pfungwa uye kuwedzera kwemapurojekiti.
Ngozi
Sezvataurwa muchikamu chapfuura, open source inogona kupa zvakati wandei zvakanakira. Zvino tichatarisa zvingango kanganisa kana njodzi dzakabatana nazvo, izvo zvinowira muzvikamu zvitatu sezvizvi:
- Chengetedzo Ngozi
- Quality Risk
- Dambudziko rekuteerera
Vhura-sosi zvikamu zvinogona kuwanikwa mune dzakasiyana siyana dzeinternet repositori, uye vanogadzira havana nzira yekuziva kuti vakanaka kana kuchengeteka sei. Masangano asingaisi mari mukudzora mashandisirwo awo anozviisa panjodzi, uye anogona kubhadhara mutengo gare gare kana kugadzirisa kukanganisa kwava kudhura zvakanyanya.
Chengetedzo Ngozi
Hackers vanogona kuita mari yakawanda vachishandisa yakavhurika-sosi yekuchengetedza kukanganisa. Izvi zvinopa hacker ruzivo rwese rwavanoda kuti vatange kurwisa. Kuita kuti zvinhu zvinyanye kuoma, nekuti iri kushandiswa zvakanyanya, kusazvibata muchikamu chakakurumbira kunopa hacker nhamba huru yevanotarisirwa kukuvadzwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti matsotsi ari kutarisisa nharaunda uye anokurumidza kushandisa zvinozivikanwa zvikanganiso zvekuchengetedza mune zvakakurumbira zvakavhurika-sosi zvikamu.
Mabhizinesi eSoftware ari panjodzi yekurwiswa kwakashata kana akasatarisisa mashandisiro avo akavhurika-sosi uye vasingazive chero maraibhurari ari munjodzi mukodhi yavo.
Quality Risk
Nepo kambani inoshandisa nguva yakawanda uye mari kuti ive nechokwadi kunaka kwekodhi yekodhi yayo, zvinoita sekunge zvikwata zvakawanda zvebudiriro hazvikoshese kana kufuratira kunaka kwezvakavhurika-source zvikamu. Zvechokwadi, isu tose tinoda kuti chigadzirwa chedu chekupedzisira chive chakafanana uye chakagadzikana pasi pekumanikidzwa.
Chimwe chezvikonzero nei zvichinetsa kuona kuti yakavhurika-sosi software chikamu hachikanganise chimiro chechigadzirwa chako imhaka yekuti hapana maitiro akabvumiranwa ekuongorora mhando yacho, uye yakavhurika-sosi yekubatana hunhu hunogona kuita kuti zviome kuita. chiyero.
Dambudziko rekuteerera
Yese yakavhurika-sosi software chikamu, pamwe nekutsamira kwayo, ine rezinesi. Kana tikaashandisa muchirongwa chedu, tinozvipira kune seti yematemu nemamiriro atinofanira kutevedzera. Kune avo vasina kujairana nekuomarara kwekuvhura-sosi rezenisi, izvi zvinogona kuve zvinotyisa.
Mamwe mapurojekiti akavhurika-sosi haana chero mhando yerezinesi rezinesi, zvichireva kuti mitemo yekodzero inoshanda nekukasira. Nekuti kune marezinesi akawanda, kuita zvese zvinodiwa nemutemo kwakaoma. Wanga uchiziva here kuti kune anopfuura mazana maviri akasiyana emhando dzeakavhurika-sosi marezinesi, imwe neimwe iine yayo seti yakasarudzika, yakasarudzika, uye inowanzovhiringidza mazwi nemamiriro?
Ramangwana reOpen-Source
Mafungu matsva ekuvandudza anozosimudzirwa nesoftware inova mhedzisiro yekushandira pamwe, kwete kubva kune rimwe bhizinesi, asi kubva munharaunda yakazvipira kuvandudza nharaunda yese.
Makambani ari kusunungura vagadziri vavo kuti vakwikwidze munhandare yedhijitari, nechinangwa chekuve wekutanga kugadzira hunyanzvi hunoramba huchiwedzera muindasitiri yetekinoroji, sezvo ichiri kuramba ichionekwa pakati pemabhizinesi.
Vagadziri vanogona kunyatsogadzirisa kuyedzwa uye kuita matambudziko nekushandisa yakavhurika-sosi nharaunda uye kudzidza kubva kune vakanyanya kuvandudza, kunyanya nemafashama ematekinoroji matsva seAI, machine learning, uye kufambira mberi kwemarobhoti.
Kana vashandi vakatora mukana weiyo inosimba, inotarisana nemhinduro, tinoona mabhizinesi achiwana. Kubva kumotokari dzinozvityaira kuenda kumarobhoti ekurapa, maguta akangwara kusvika kune datacenters, hatidi kupa mhinduro kumatambudziko aya kune mashoma mafemu. Pane kudaro, isu tinofanirwa kuvimba neakavhurika-sosi uye akauraya evagadziri vane hunyanzvi kuti vawane mibairo mikuru.
mhedziso
Iyo yakavhurika-sosi kufamba inokonzera kukurumidza kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi mumakumi mashoma emakore apfuura. Nepo yakavhurika-sosi ichiunza dzimwe njodzi, kune akawanda mabhenefiti uye anovimbisa nzira dzemberi. Nharaunda huru yevatsigiri, maitirwo-mazano ekutanga, kudzidza nekudzidza kodhi yevamwe vanhu, uye kuwana ruzivo rwekutaurirana nevamwe mainjiniya ndiwo mamwe mabhenefiti akanakisa aunowana kubva kune yakavhurika-sosi software.
Kana iwe zvakare uchida kutanga kupa kune yakavhurika-sosi purojekiti, tanga watsvaga inokunakidza, wobva watsvaga GitHub yezita rinoti "yakanaka yekutanga nyaya" kana chimwe chinhu chakafanana. Nyaya Yokutanga Yakanaka ipurojekiti inogadzirisa sarudzo dziri nyore kubva kumapurojekiti ane mukurumbira kune vanogadzira vasina kumbobvira vapa.
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