Zviri Mukati[Viga][Ratidza]
Isu tinogona ikozvino kuverenga nzvimbo yechadenga uye maminiti intricacies ye subatomic particles nekuda kwemakomputa.
Makomputa anorova vanhu kana zvasvika pakuverenga nekuverenga, pamwe nekutevera zvine musoro kuti hongu/kwete maitiro, nekuda kwemaerekitironi anofamba nekumhanya kwechiedza kuburikidza nemasekete ayo.
Zvisinei, isu hatiwanzovaona se "vakangwara" sezvo, kare, makombiyuta aisagona kuita chero chinhu pasina kudzidziswa (kurongwa) nevanhu.
Kudzidza kwemichina, kusanganisira kudzidza kwakadzama uye chakagadzirwa njere, razova musoro wenyaya wesainzi uye tekinoroji.
Kudzidza kwemuchina kunoratidzika kunge kuri kwese kwese, asi vanhu vazhinji vanoshandisa izwi vanganetsekana kutsanangura zvakakwana kuti chii, chii charinoita, uye charinonyatso shandiswa.
Ichi chinyorwa chinotsvaga kujekesa kudzidza kwemichina uku ichipa kongiri, chaiyo-yepasi mienzaniso yemashandisirwo anoita tekinoroji kuratidza kuti nei ichibatsira zvakadaro.
Zvadaro, tichatarisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekudzidza muchina uye toona kuti dziri kushandiswa sei kugadzirisa matambudziko ebhizinesi.
Chekupedzisira, isu ticha bvunza bhora redu rekristaro kune kumwe kufanotaura nekukurumidza nezveramangwana rekudzidza kwemichina.
Chii chinonzi Machine Kudzidza?
Kudzidza kwemichina chirango chesainzi yekombuta chinogonesa makomputa kuti atore mapatani kubva kune data pasina kudzidziswa zvakajeka kuti iwo mapatani chii.
Mhedziso idzi dzinowanzo kuenderana nekushandisa maalgorithms kungozviongorora otomatiki maficha e data uye kugadzira masvomhu modhi kuratidza hukama pakati pemhando dzakasiyana.
Enzanisa izvi ne classical computing, iyo yakavakirwa pa deterministic systems, umo tinopa pachena komputa seti yemitemo yekutevera kuti iite rimwe basa.
Iyi nzira yekuronga makomputa inozivikanwa semutemo-based programming. Kudzidza kwemichina kunosiyana uye kunodarika mitemo-yakavakirwa hurongwa mukuti inogona kuburitsa iyi mitemo yega.
Fungidzira kuti uri maneja webhangi anoda kuona kana chikumbiro chechikwereti chichizokundikana pachikwereti chavo.
Nenzira yakavakirwa pamitemo, maneja webhangi (kana dzimwe nyanzvi) anozivisa komputa kuti kana chikwereti chemunyoreri chiri pasi peimwe nhanho, chikumbiro chinofanira kurambwa.
Nekudaro, chirongwa chekudzidza muchina chaizongoongorora dhata rekare pamusoro pekiredhiti yevatengi uye mhedzisiro yechikwereti uye kuona kuti ichi chikumbaridzo chinofanira kunge chiri chei.
Muchina unodzidza kubva kune data rakapfuura uye unogadzira mitemo yayo nenzira iyi. Ehe, iyi ingori yekutanga pakudzidza muchina; real-world machine kudzidza modhi dzakanyanya kuomarara pane yekutanga chikumbaridzo.
Zvakadaro, chiratidzo chakanakisa chekugona kwekudzidza muchina.
Inoita sei a Machine kudzidza?
Kuti zvinhu zvirambe zviri nyore, michina "inodzidza" nekuona mapatani mune inofananidzwa data. Funga nezve data seruzivo rwaunounganidza kubva kunze kwenyika. Iyo data yakawanda yemuchina inodyiswa, iyo "yakangwara" inova.
Nekudaro, haasi ese data akafanana. Fungidzira kuti uri pirate ine chinangwa chehupenyu kufumura hupfumi hwakavigwa pachitsuwa. Iwe unozoda huwandu hwakakura hweruzivo kuti uwane mubairo.
Zivo iyi, senge data, inogona kukutora iwe nenzira kwayo kana isiriyo.
Iyo yakakura ruzivo / data yakawanikwa, kushoma kusanzwisisika kune, uye zvinopesana. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti utarise rudzi rwe data rauri kudyisa muchina wako kuti udzidze kubva.
Nekudaro, kana huwandu hwakakura hwe data hwapihwa, komputa inogona kufanotaura. Machina anogona kutarisira ramangwana chero bedzi isingatsaukire kubva kare.
Michina "inodzidza" nekuongorora data renhoroondo kuti vaone zvingangoitika.
Kana iyo yekare data yakafanana nedata idzva, saka zvinhu zvaunogona kutaura nezve data yapfuura zvinogona kushanda kune data idzva. Zvinoita sokunge uri kutarisa kumashure kuti uone kumberi.
Ndedzipi mhando dzekudzidzira muchina?
Algorithms ekudzidza muchina anowanzo kuiswa mumhando nhatu dzakafara (kunyangwe mamwe marongero ehurongwa achishandiswawo):
- Inotarisirwa kudzidza
- Kudzidza kusingatarisirwe
- Yekusimbisa kudzidza
Inotarisirwa kudzidza
Kudzidza muchina wakatariswa kunoreva hunyanzvi umo modhi yekudzidza yemuchina inopihwa muunganidzwa wedata rine mavara akajeka ehuwandu hwekufarira (huwandu uhu hunowanzo kunzi mhinduro kana chinangwa).
Kudzidzira ma AI modhi, kudzidzira kunoitwa semi-supervised kunoshandisa musanganiswa wedata rakanyorwa uye risina kunyorwa.
Kana iwe uri kushanda nedata risina kunyorwa, unozofanirwa kuita imwe data label.
Labeling inzira yekuisa mazita emasampuli ekubatsira mukati kudzidzisa muchina kudzidza model. Kunyora mazita kunonyanya kuitwa nevanhu, izvo zvinogona kudhura uye kutora nguva. Nekudaro, kune matekiniki ekuita otomatiki maitiro ekurevera.
Mamiriro ekukumbira chikwereti atakambokurukura mufananidzo wakanakisa wekudzidza kunotariswa. Isu takanga tine nhoroondo yenhoroondo maererano neaimbova akakumbira chikwereti kiredhiti (uye pamwe mazinga emari, zera, zvichingodaro) pamwe nemazita chaiwo akatiudza kuti, munhu ari kutaurwa akatadza kubhadhara chikwereti chake here kana kuti kwete.
Kudzora uye kupatsanura zvikamu zviviri zvemaitiro akatariswa ekudzidza.
- kupatsanura -Inoshandisa algorithm kurongedza data nenzira kwayo. Spam filters mumwe muenzaniso. "Spam" inogona kuva chikamu chekuzvimiririra - mutsetse uri pakati pespam uye usiri-spam kutaurirana hauna kujeka - uye iyo spam sefa algorithm inogara ichizvinatsa zvichienderana nemhinduro yako (zvinoreva email inocherechedzwa nevanhu sespam).
- Kudzvinyirira -Inobatsira mukunzwisisa hukama pakati pezvinotsamira uye zvakazvimirira. Mamodheru ekudzoreredza anogona kufanotaura manhamba anoenderana neakati wandei data masosi, seyekutengesa mari yekufungidzira kune imwe kambani. Linear regression, logistic regression, uye polynomial regression mamwe maitiro ane mukurumbira ekudzoreredza.
Kudzidza kusingatarisirwe
Mukudzidza kusingatarisirwi, tinopihwa data risina kunyorwa uye tiri kungotsvaga mapatani. Ngatiite kunge uri Amazon. Tinogona here kuwana chero masumbu (mapoka evatengi vakafanana) zvichienderana nenhoroondo yekutenga kwevatengi?
Kunyangwe isu tisina dhata rakajeka, rinogutsa pamusoro pezvido zvemunhu, panguva ino, kungoziva kuti seti yevatengi vanotenga zvinhu zvakaenzana zvinotibvumira kutenga mazano kubva pane zvakatengwawo nevamwe vanhu vari muchikwata.
Amazon "iwe unogona zvakare kufarira" carousel inofambiswa neakafanana matekinoroji.
Kudzidza kusingatarisirwe kunogona kuunganidza data kuburikidza nekubatanidza kana kubatana, zvichienderana nezvaunoda kuisa pamwechete.
- Clustering -Kusatarisirwa kudzidza kuedza kukunda dambudziko iri nekutsvaga mapatani mune data. Kana paine sumbu rakafanana kana boka, iyo algorithm inovaisa mumapoka neimwe nzira. Kuedza kuisa vatengi maererano nenhoroondo yekutenga yapfuura muenzaniso weizvi.
- Association -Kudzidzira kusingatarisirwe kuedza kugadzirisa dambudziko iri nekuyedza kunzwisisa mitemo nezvairehwa nemapoka akasiyana. Muenzaniso wenguva dzose wedambudziko remubatanidzwa kuona chinongedzo pakati pekutenga kwevatengi. Zvitoro zvinogona kufarira kuziva kuti ndezvipi zvinhu zvakatengwa pamwe chete uye zvinogona kushandisa ruzivo urwu kuronga mamisikirwo ezvigadzirwa izvi kuti zvive nyore kupinda.
Kusimbisa Kudzidza
Kusimbisa kudzidza inzira yekudzidzisa mamodheru ekudzidza muchina kuita nhevedzano yesarudzo dzakanangana nezvinangwa mumamiriro ekudyidzana. Makesi ekushandisa emitambo ataurwa pamusoro apa akanakisa emifananidzo yeizvi.
Haufanire kuisa AlphaZero zviuru zvemitambo yechess yapfuura, imwe neimwe iine "yakanaka" kana "yakashata" mafambiro akanyorwa. Ingoidzidzisa mitemo yemutambo uye chinangwa, uye wozoirega iedze zviito zvisina tsarukano.
Kusimbisa kwakanaka kunopihwa kune zviitiko zvinotora chirongwa padhuze nechinangwa (sekukudziridza yakasimba pawn chinzvimbo). Kana zviito zvine mhedzisiro inopesana (senge kukurumidza kuchinja mambo), ivo vanowana kusimbaradzwa kwakashata.
Iyo software inogona pakupedzisira kugona mutambo uchishandisa nzira iyi.
Yekusimbisa kudzidza inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumarobhoti kudzidzisa marobhoti kune zvakaoma uye zvakaoma-ku-injiniya zviito. Iyo dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa pamwe chete nemigwagwa yemigwagwa, senge masaini emigwagwa, kugadzirisa mafambiro emigwagwa.
Chii chingaitwa nekudzidza muchina?
Kushandiswa kwemichina yekudzidza munharaunda uye mumaindasitiri kuri kukonzera kufambira mberi mumhando dzakasiyana dzezviitwa zvevanhu.
Muhupenyu hwedu hwemazuva ese, kudzidza muchina kwave kutonga kutsvaga kweGoogle uye maalgorithms emifananidzo, zvichiita kuti tinyatsoenderana neruzivo rwatinoda patinenge tichichida.
Mumushonga, semuenzaniso, kudzidza muchina kuri kushandiswa kune genetic data kubatsira vanachiremba kunzwisisa uye kufanotaura kuti gomarara rinopararira sei, zvichibvumira kugadzira nzira dzekurapa dzinoshanda.
Data kubva munzvimbo yakadzika iri kuunganidzwa pano paNyika kuburikidza neteresikopu huru yeredhiyo - uye mushure mekuongororwa nekudzidza kwemichina, iri kutibatsira kuburitsa zvakavanzika zvemaburi matema.
Kudzidza kwemichina muzvitoro zvinobatanidza vatengi nezvinhu zvavanoshuvira kutenga online, uye zvakare kunobatsira vashandi vezvitoro kuti vagadzirise sevhisi yavanopa kune vatengi vavo munyika yezvidhinha-nedhaka.
Kudzidza kwemichina kunoshandiswa muhondo yekurwisa hugandanga uye kunyanyisa kutarisira maitiro eavo vanoda kukuvadza vasina mhosva.
Natural language processing (NLP) inoreva maitiro ekubvumidza makomputa kuti anzwisise uye kutaurirana nesu mumutauro wevanhu kuburikidza nekudzidza nemuchina, uye zvakakonzera kubudirira muhunyanzvi hwekushandura pamwe nemidziyo inodzorwa nenzwi yatinowedzera kushandisa mazuva ese, senge. Alexa, Google dot, Siri, uye Google mubatsiri.
Pasina mubvunzo, kudzidza kwemichina kuri kuratidza kuti inyanzvi yekushandura.
Marobhoti anokwanisa kushanda padivi pedu uye kuwedzera hunhu hwedu uye fungidziro nemafungiro avo asina mhosva uye kumhanya kwemunhu haasisiri fungidziro yesainzi - ari kuitika muzvikamu zvakawanda.
Machine Kudzidza kushandisa makesi
1. Kubhururuka
Sezvo network yakawedzera kuomarara, nyanzvi dzecybersecurity dzakashanda nesimba kuti dzijairane nekuwedzera kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera kwekutyisidzira kwekuchengetedza.
Kurwisa inokurumidza kubuda malware uye yekubira matekiniki zvinonetsa zvakaringana, asi kuwanda kweInternet Yezvinhu (IoT) zvishandiso zvakanyatso shandura cybersecurity nharaunda.
Kurwiswa kunogona kuitika chero nguva uye munzvimbo chero ipi zvayo.
Nechemumoyo, maalgorithms ekudzidza muchina akagonesa cybersecurity mashandiro kuti aenderane neaya anokurumidza kuitika.
Kufanotaura analytics gonesa kuona nekukurumidza uye kudzikisira kwekurwiswa, nepo kudzidza kwemichina kunogona kuongorora chiitiko chako mukati metiweki kuti uone kusakwana uye kushaya simba mumagadzirirwo aripo ekuchengetedza.
2. Automation yebasa revatengi
Kubata nhamba iri kuwedzera yevanoshamwaridzana nevatengi vepamhepo kwakanetsa sangano rakawanda.
Ivo havangove nevashandi vevatengi vakakwana kuti vabate huwandu hwemibvunzo yavari kugamuchira, uye nzira yechinyakare yekuburitsa nyaya kune a. nzvimbo yekuonana hazvibvumirwe kune vazhinji vevatengi vemazuva ano.
Chatbots uye mamwe otomatiki masisitimu anogona ikozvino kugadzirisa izvi zvinodiwa nekuda kwekufambira mberi mumakina ekudzidza matekiniki. Makambani anogona kusunungura vashandi kuti vatore rutsigiro rwepamusoro-soro rwevatengi nekuita otomatiki zviitiko zvepasi uye zvakaderera-zvekutanga.
Kana ikashandiswa nemazvo, kudzidza kwemichina mubhizinesi kunogona kubatsira kugadzirisa kugadzirisa nyaya uye kupa vatengi rudzi rwerutsigiro runobatsira runovashandura kuti vave shasha dzemhando dzakazvipira.
3. Kukurukurirana
Kudzivisa kukanganisa uye kusanzwisisa kwakakosha mumhando ipi neipi yekukurukurirana, asi zvakanyanya mukukurukurirana kwebhizinesi kwanhasi.
Mhosho dzegirama dzakareruka, toni isiriyo, kana shanduro dzisiridzo dzinogona kukonzera matambudziko akawanda pakubata neemail, kuongororwa kwevatengi, musangano wevhidhiyo, kana zvinyorwa-zvakavakirwa pamagwaro nenzira dzakawanda.
Masisitimu ekudzidza emuchina ane kutaurirana kwepamberi kupfuura Microsoft's Clippy mazuva emusoro.
Iyi mienzaniso yekudzidza muchina yakabatsira vanhu kutaurirana zviri nyore uye chaizvo nekushandisa kugadzirwa kwemutauro wechisikigo, kududzira mutauro panguva chaiyo, uye kuzivikanwa kwekutaura.
Nepo vanhu vazhinji vasingafarire kugona kugadzirisa, ivo vanokoshesawo kuchengetedzwa kubva mukukanganisa kunonyadzisa uye inzwi risiri iro.
4. Kuzivikanwa kwechinhu
Nepo tekinoroji yekuunganidza nekududzira data yave iripo kwekanguva, kudzidzisa masisitimu emakombuta kuti vanzwisise zvavari kutarisa kwakaratidza kuva basa rinonyengera rakaoma.
Kugona kucherechedzwa kwechinhu kuri kuwedzerwa kuwanda kwenhamba yemidziyo nekuda kwekushandisa muchina kudzidza.
Mota inozvityaira, semuenzaniso, inoziva imwe mota kana ichinge yaona imwe, kunyangwe kana vagadziri vepurogiramu vasina kuipa muenzaniso chaiwo wemota iyoyo yekushandisa sereferensi.
Iyi tekinoroji yave kushandiswa mumabhizinesi ekutengesa kubatsira kukurumidzira nzira yekubhadhara. Makamera anoona zvigadzirwa zviri mungoro dzevatengi uye anogona kubhadharisa otomatiki maakaundi avo kana vabva muchitoro.
5. Kushambadzira kweDhijitari
Kushambadza kwakawanda kwanhasi kunoitwa online, pachishandiswa huwandu hwemapuratifomu edhijitari uye mapurogiramu esoftware.
Sezvo mabhizinesi anounganidza ruzivo nezve vatengi vavo uye maitiro avo ekutenga, zvikwata zvekushambadzira zvinogona kushandisa ruzivo irworwo kuvaka mufananidzo wakadzama wevateereri vavo uye kuona kuti ndevapi vanhu vanonyanya kuda kutsvaga zvigadzirwa nemasevhisi.
Michina yekudzidza algorithms inobatsira vatengesi mukuita pfungwa yeese data, kuwana akakosha mapatani uye hunhu hunovabvumira kurongedza zvakasimba mikana.
Iyoyo tekinoroji inobvumira hombe yedhijitari yekushambadzira otomatiki. Ads masisitimu anogona kumisikidzwa kuti awane vatsva vangangove vatengi zvine simba uye nekupa akakodzera ekushambadzira zvemukati kwavari panguva yakakodzera nenzvimbo.
Ramangwana reKudzidza kwemichina
Kudzidza kwemichina kuri kuita mukurumbira sezvo mamwe mabhizinesi nemasangano makuru anoshandisa tekinoroji kugadzirisa matambudziko chaiwo kana kugadzirwa kwemafuta.
Uku kuenderera mberi kwekudyara kunoratidza kunzwisisa kuti kudzidza kwemuchina kuri kugadzira ROI, kunyanya kuburikidza nemamwe ataurwa pamusoro akagadzwa uye anogona kudhindwa ekushandisa.
Mushure mezvose, kana tekinoroji yakanakira Netflix, Facebook, Amazon, Google Mepu, zvichingodaro, mukana unogona kubatsira kambani yako kuita zvakanyanya data rayo zvakare.
Sezvitsva machine learning mhando dzakagadzirwa uye kutangwa, isu tichapupurira kuwedzera kwenhamba yezvikumbiro zvinozoshandiswa mumaindasitiri ese.
Izvi zviri kutoitika ne kuzivikanwa kwechiso, iyo yaimbova basa idzva pa iPhone yako asi ikozvino inoshandiswa muhuwandu hwezvirongwa uye kushandiswa, kunyanya izvo zvine chokuita nekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu.
Kiyi yemasangano mazhinji ari kuyedza kutanga nekudzidza kwemuchina ndeyekutarisa zvakapfuura zviono zvinopenya zvemangwana uye kuwana matambudziko chaiwo ebhizinesi ayo tekinoroji inogona kukubatsira nawo.
mhedziso
Mumakore ekupedzisira-maindasitiri, masayendisiti nenyanzvi vanga vachiedza kugadzira komputa inoita senge vanhu.
Muchina wekufunga ndiwo mupiro wakakosha weAI kumunhu; kuuya kunoshamisa kwemuchina uyu unozvifambisa wakakurumidza kushandura mitemo yekushanda kwemakambani.
Mota dzinozvityaira, vabatsiri vega, vashandi vanozvimirira vanogadzira, uye maguta akangwara nguva pfupi yadarika vakaratidza kushanda kwemichina yakangwara. Shanduko yekudzidza kwemichina, uye ramangwana rekudzidza kwemichina, richava nesu kwenguva yakareba.
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