Zviri Mukati[Viga][Ratidza]
Makambani mazhinji ari kuedza kugadzira maapplication uye software kuitira kuti vape vatengi vavo ruzivo rwedhijitari vachitarisa shanduko yenguva uye mashandiro ari kuita nyika.
Nekuita izvi, vanogona kuzadzisa zvirinani zvinodiwa nevatengi vavo.
Kushanda nevagadziri kuti zviono zvedhijitari izvi zvive chokwadi zvinogona kunetsa. Imwe yacho ndeyekuziva mazwi akakosha uye pfungwa dzinoshandiswa panguva yekugadzira software.
Zvakatonyanya kuipa, havasi vese vanogadzira vanogona kutaura muchidimbu uye nekungotaura aya mazano kune avo vasiri nyanzvi muindasitiri yavo. SDK uye API mazano maviri akadaro.
Kunyangwe aya mitsara inopindirana sezvaanoshandiswa kazhinji mukati mekuvandudza software.
Izvozvi zvakanyanya kuoma kuvasiyanisa nekuda kweizvi. Pamusoro pezvo, vamwe vanogadzira vanogona kukumbira kuti usarudze pakati pezviviri kana uchibatanidza masisitimu, rinova dambudziko.
Ungasarudza sei pakati pavo iwe usinganyatso nzwisisa imwe pfungwa? Zvinodiwa here kusarudza chimwe chazvo?
Netsanangudzo dzakajeka, mienzaniso, uye zvidzidzo zvekubatsira kunzwisisa, chinyorwa chino chichaongorora mutsauko pakati pepfungwa mbiri idzi.
Chii chinonzi SDK?
SDK inomirira kit yekuvandudza software, sekureva kunoita zita. Iyo kit inosanganisira maturusi esoftware uye maapplication anodiwa nevagadziri vekuvaka maapplication emapuratifomu akasiyana.
Inosanganisira zvese zvinodiwa kugadzira iyo app module. Boka rematurusi ekuvandudza maturusi akanyanya kumapuratifomu anoumba SDK.
Zvishandiso izvi zvinogona kunge zviri debugger, compilers, kodhi maraibhurari (anozivikanwawo semafuremu), kana routines uye subroutines zvakagadzirirwa zvakanangana sisitimu yekushandisa.
Zvakafanana nemabatiro aungade kuti zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana kuti umise dhesiki, uchishandisa SDK zvakafanana nekuita kudaro. Izvi zvichave nezvikamu zvedhesiki, mirairo yekumisikidza, uye zvishandiso zvaunoda kuunganidza dhesiki.
Iyo yakajairwa SDK zvidimbu zvekuvaka zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:
- Makodhi maraibhurari: Panzvimbo pekutenderedza vhiri, vagadziri vanogona kushandisa zvakagara zviripo (sekutevedzana kwekodhi) nekuda kwemaraibhurari ekodhi.
- Zvishandiso zvekuyedza nekuongorora: Zvishandiso izvi zvinoongorora kuti application inoita sei mune zvese zvekuyedza nekugadzira marongero.
- Zvinyorwa: Munguva yese yekuvandudza, vagadziri vanobvunza mirairo yakanyorwa sezvinodiwa.
- Compiler: A compiler isoftware inoongorora zvirevo mumitauro yekuronga uye ichishandura kuita "kodhi" iyo processor inogona kunzwisisa.
- Debugger: A debugger inobatsira vanogadzira mapurogiramu kutsvaga nekugadzirisa zvikanganiso mukodhi.
- Code samples dzinoratidza mabasa ekuronga kana mamiriro anopa kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwechikumbiro kana peji rewebhu.
- Routines uye subroutines: Mune yakazara komputa kodhi, routine kana subroutine inzira, basa, mashandiro, subprogram, kana chidimbu chekodhi chinogona kudanwa uye kuitwa chero kupi. Semuenzaniso, maitiro anoshandiswa kuita sarudzo yekuchengetedza faira.
MaSDK Anoshanda Sei?
SDKs inopa vanogadzira mukana kune akasiyana maturusi avanoda kuti vagadzire software application nekukurumidza.
YeGoogle's Android uye Apple's iOS, Facebook, semuenzaniso, inopa SDK. Aya maSDK anoshanda semahara, akavhurika-sosi maraibhurari anoita kuti zvive nyore kuisa Facebook mune yako Android kana iOS application.
Pamusoro pezvo, Microsoft inopa.NET dhizaini SDK yemashandisirwo akaomarara. Inosanganisira mienzaniso, zviwanikwa, uye maraibhurari anodiwa kugadzira Windows apps.
Zvino zvawave kujairana nema SDKs, ngationgororei kuti anoshanda sei.
- Iwe unofanirwa kutanga watenga, kurodha, uye kuisa inodiwa "kiti" yepuratifomu yako. Izvi zvinogona kushanda pakudhawunirodha mafaera ane mirairo, mienzaniso, uye zvikamu zvechikamu.
- Tevere, iwe unogona kuwana iyo yakabatanidzwa yekusimudzira nharaunda (IDE) uye ese maturusi anodiwa kugadzira chishandiso chitsva. Ipapo vagadziri vanogona kutanga kugadzira maapplication avo. Basa remuunganidzi rave pachena.
- Chekupedzisira, unogona kuyedza chishandiso chitsva uchishandisa zvinyorwa, kodhi mienzaniso, mirairo, uye maturusi ekuongorora.
Unogona kutanga rwendo rwako neSDK kana wapedza nhanho idzi.
Mhando dzeSDK
SDKs ndiwo hwaro hwekuvandudza mawebhusaiti uye nharembozha.
Ngationgororei mashoma emhando dzeSDK.
- Platform SDKs: Aya maSDK maturusi akakosha anodiwa pakugadzira maapplication emapuratifomu ese. Semuyenzaniso, Windows 11 Zvitoro zvezvitoro zvinogadzirwa uchishandisa iyo Windows 11 SDK.
- Extension SDKs: Aya ekuwedzera software ekuvandudza kits anoshandiswa kuwedzera uye kugadzirisa nharaunda yekusimudzira. Izvo hazvina kudikanwa, zvakadaro, kugadzira mapurogiramu eimwe chikuva.
- Analytics SDKs: Aya maSDK anounganidza ruzivo nezve zviitiko zvevashandisi, maitiro, nezvimwe semuenzaniso, iyo Analytics SDK kubva kuGoogle.
- MaSDK ekuita mari: Aya maSDK anoshandiswa nevagadziri kuisa kushambadzira mumapurogiramu agara aripo. Izvo zvakagadzirirwa nechinangwa chega chekuita mari.
- MaSDK emitauro yekuronga: Aya maSDK anoshandiswa kugadzira zvirongwa mune mimwe mitauro. Semuenzaniso, iyo Java Developer Kit (JDK) inoshandiswa kugadzira maapplication anoshandisa Java programming mutauro.
Mabhenefiti eSDK
- Kuvandudzwa kweSoftware kunogona kukwidziridzwa nekuda kweiyo SDK iri nyore kuwana kune yakagadzirira yakagadzirwa zvinhu.
- Nekuda kweiyo kukurumidza kuvandudza maitiro akapihwa neSDKs, vagadziri vanogona kushandisazve macode snippets. Izvi zvinobvumira vanogadzira purogiramu nguva yakawanda yekuisa pfungwa pamabasa anokosha.
- SDKs inopa yakawanda isina musono software uye kupindirana kwekushandisa. Pamusoro pezvo, ivo vanopa nyore kuwana ruzivo rwakakosha kuburikidza neakakodzera mapepa.
- MaSDK ane magwaro akazara uye akavakirwa-mukati kodhi rubatsiro. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vanogadzira havafanire kutsvaga nyanzvi dzemusoro kuti vapindure mibvunzo yavo.
- Zvinhu zvambotaurwa zvinobatsira mukudzikisa mari isingakoshese inoshandiswa panguva yekuvandudza software uye post-deployment phases.
Zvino ngatienderere mberi kune chekuchinja API chikamu.
Chii chiri API?
Application Programming Interface inozivikanwa nechidimbu API. Inotsanangura seti yenhungamiro iyo iyo mapuratifomu, majeti, kana zvirongwa zvinobatanidza kune mumwe uye kuchinjana ruzivo.
MaAPI anogona kunge ari masangano akasiyana kana chikamu cheSDK. Iyo inogadzira synchrony kune akawanda maapplication pane systemic level mune ese ari maviri kesi.
Kugadzirwa kweanoshanda APIs kunoenderana nevagadziri vanoita zvakanyanya zvevaridzi kana zvisiri zvemahara software. Mushure meizvozvo, vanogona kushandisa masevhisi akagadzirwa APIs ayo vatengi vanogona kuwana.
Kondirakiti yemapato maviri uye API zvakafanana. Pamwe chete nekufambiswa kwemashoko nekukurumidza, inopawo mirairo yekuti ruzivo runofanira kuendeswa sei.
Mazwi ekuti "API" uye "interface" dzimwe nguva anoshandiswa kureva chinhu chimwe chete sezvo mamwe maAPI achizivikanwa kupa "interface."
API ine zvikamu zviviri zvakakosha:
- Zvinhu zvehunyanzvi: Ruzivo rwemaprotocol ekubatanidzwa kweAPI rwunodaidzwa seyakatsanangurwa API (kureva, nemamwe mapuratifomu, uye maapplication). Inofanira kunyatsonyorwa kuvimbisa kuti API inoshandiswa nemazvo.
- Kubatana: Iyo interface inopa nzira yekusvika nayo maAPI. Kana iri API yewebhu, inogona kuwanikwa nekiyi kiyi kana kuburikidza neyakasiyana interface.
Iyo API Inoshanda Sei?
APIs inogonesa kutaurirana pasina musono pane akasiyana maseti ekushandisa. Tora nyaya yechitoro chesupermarket kwaunotova neapp uko vatengi vanogona kutarisa uye kuodha zvinhu online.
App yako yatopa iyi sevhisi. Ngatifungei kuti vatengi vanoshuvirawo kutsvaga zvitoro zvekudya mune imwe nzvimbo yeguta.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, unogona kubatanidza app yako kune vanozivikanwa vanopa magirosari vari muguta. Nekushandisa geolocation API, vashandisi vanogona kutsvaga zvitoro zvechikafu vasinganetse nezve yakasarudzika geolocation application.
Kubva pamaonero etekinoroji, chikumbiro cheAPI chinosanganisira zviito zvakanyorwa pazasi:
- Basa kubva kuapp yako rinotangwa nemushandisi weapplication anogadzira chikumbiro.
- Nekudaidza webserver, API inotumira chikumbiro. Chikumbiro chinowanzo kuitirwa kusvika API endpoint, saka API inoziva kwekuitumira. Magumo anotsanangurwa neserver URL.
- Pakupedzisira, basa rinopera sezvo dhatabhesi kana chirongwa chekunze chinopa sevhisi inodiwa.
Mhando dze API
REST (Representational State Transfer)
Imwe yemhando dzakajairika dzemaAPI ndeye REST API, iyo inofanirwa kuenda nehuwandu hwemazinga, kusanganisira:
- Mutengi-server architecture: Vatengi havafanirwe kukanganiswa nekuchinja kweseva
- CRUD (Gadzira, Verenga, Gadzirisa, Delete) uye JSON inoshandiswa nemutengi uye sevha kutaurirana.
- Pakati pezvikumbiro zviviri, sevha haichengetedze mamiriro emutengi.
Kutakura data kunowanzo shandisa REST. Kuti uwane zita remushandisi weFacebook, nzvimbo, uye chimiro chechimiro mune chimwe chirongwa, semuenzaniso, munhu anoshandisa iyo Facebook API.
SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) maAPI
Iwo mawebhu-based APIs anoshandiswa kana yakawedzera kuvanzika kwedata uye kuchengetedzeka kuchidikanwa. Ivo vanokwanisa kutaurirana kuburikidza newebhu-based protocol, zvinosanganisira HTTP, SMTP, TCP/IP, nezvimwe.
REST ndiyo paradigm yekuvaka, nepo SOAP iri muunganidzwa wemaprotocol. Nekuda kweizvozvo, SOAP-based protocols inogona kushandiswa kugadzira RESTful APIs.
RPC (Remote Procedure Call)
Izvi zvinoshandiswa kumhanyisa kodhi pane imwe system. RPC inodaidza nzira, kupesana neREST, uko mutengi anongokumbira data. Zvikumbiro, zvinozivikanwa seXML-RPCs uye JSON-RPCs, zvinogona kuendeswa mune angave maXML kana JSON mafomu.
Mushure mekunge maitiro ashandiswa, munhu anokumbira anotarisira mhinduro kubva kune imwe nzira.
Semuenzaniso, yekubhadhara gedhi API inosimbisa nhamba yekadhi rechikwereti (nekushandisa kodhi pakupera kwayo) uye inozivisa iyo yekukumbira app kana yakabudirira kana isina kubudirira.
Benefits of API
- Vese vese vashandisi venguva dzose uye budiriro pros vanobatsirwa kubva kuAPIs. Kuvandudza maejensi masisitimu uye kuwedzera mukana wekutengesa wesangano, vanogadzira vanogona kubatana nevane bhizinesi vanobatana.
- APIs inobatanidza zvirongwa zvesoftware zvakasiyana uku uchivandudza chirongwa kana kuita kwese kwechigadzirwa.
- Kana yangogadzirwa, ruzivo runogona kugovaniswa zviri nyore uye kudzokororwa mumhando dzakasiyana siyana kuburikidza neAPI yekuwana.
- Magadzirirwo anogoneka uchishandisa maAPI. Nekugadzirisa ruzivo kana masevhisi kune zvavanoda, wese mushandisi kana bhizinesi anogona purofiti kubva pane izvi.
- APIs inobatsira vanogadzira zvirongwa mukumhanyisa chirongwa chekuvandudza software. API otomatiki inobata kiyi semakomputa kwete bhomba rebasa rinoshandiswa kubata basa. Makambani anogona kukwidziridza mafambiro ebasa kamwechete, nekuda kweAPIs.
SDK & APIs: Makiyi Misiyano
Sezvinoratidzwa netsananguro dzapfuura, idzi pfungwa dziri kupindirana uye dzakabatana munzira dzinosiyanisa mutsauko wadzo.
Nekudaro, isu tichaedza kuburitsa mutsauko wakajeka kuitira kuti tibvise chero kusagutsikana kwasara.
- MaAPI anogona kusanganisira maSDK, asi maSDK haagone kuve nemaAPI.
- Zvirongwa zviviri zvinogona kutaurirana nekutenda kune API. Ese maturusi aunoda kugadzira maapplication kubva kutanga ari muSDK.
- APIs anoshandiswa neSDKs kugonesa kutaurirana pakati pezvirongwa zviviri. Zvishandiso hazvigone kugadzirwa kuburikidza nemaAPI.
- SDKs ari nyore kushandisa uye kubatanidza nekukurumidza. APIs ari nyore kugadzirisa uye kushaya kodhi maraibhurari.
- Muchidimbu, API inoshanda senge application interface. SDKs zvidhinha zvekugadzira maapplication.
- Vagadziri vanogara vachigadzira mapurogiramu vachishandisa SDK. Chete kana paine chinodiwa chekusangana kwekunze nemamwe mapuratifomu ndipo maAPIs anopinda mufananidzo.
- MaAPI ekufambisa zvikumbiro kubva kune imwe app kuenda kune imwe uye inopa mhinduro kune yekutanga app. MaSDK anosanganisira zvese zvaunoda kuti utaure nezvimwe zvirongwa uye kugadzira zvirongwa.
Kusarudza pakati peSDK & APIs
Muchidimbu, maAPI anotsanangura maitiro akati wandei mapuratifomu anogona kuwiriranisa mashandiro avo. Kuburikidza nemaprotocol uye zviyero, ivo vanofambisa kubatanidzwa kwekushandisa. Naizvozvo ndezvimwe zvezvakakosha zvikamu zveSDK.
Nekudaro, kushandisa APIs kuvaka zvirongwa kubva pasi kumusoro hazvigoneke.
SDKs anoita kuti zvive nyore kugadzira software nyowani kana maapplication akagadzirirwa imwe puratifomu kana mutauro wechirongwa. Kazhinji, SDK ine inokwana API imwe yekutaurirana kwekunze.
Shandisa iyo SDK yepuratifomu iyo app yako ichange ichimhanya pairi, senge iOS, kana iwe uri kuigadzira iyo papuratifomu. Shandisa iyo API yeapp kudyidzana nemamwe maapplication epamhepo, akadai seFacebook.
mhedziso
Mukupedzisa, maSDK anowanzo sanganisira maAPI, asi hapana API inouya nemaSDK. MaSDK anoita kuti zvikwanise kugadzira maapplication, senge hwaro hwemba inoita kuti imba imire kureba.
Pamusoro pezvo, maAPI anoona kuti sei mapurogiramu mukati meSDKs shanda nekutaurirana, sezvinoita mitsara yerunhare pakusangana nenyika dzekunze.
Leave a Reply