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Masewera apakanema akupitilizabe kuvutitsa osewera mabiliyoni padziko lonse lapansi. Mwina simunadziwebe, koma makina ophunzirira makina ayambanso kukumana ndi zovuta.
Pakalipano pali kafukufuku wochuluka m'munda wa AI kuti awone ngati njira zophunzirira makina zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamasewera a kanema. Kupita patsogolo kwakukulu m'gawoli kukuwonetsa izi makina kuphunzira othandizira angagwiritsidwe ntchito kutsanzira kapena ngakhale kusintha osewera wamunthu.
Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani mtsogolo mwa masewera akanema?
Kodi mapulojekitiwa ndi ongosangalatsa, kapena pali zifukwa zozama zomwe ofufuza ambiri amayang'ana kwambiri masewera?
Nkhaniyi ifotokoza mwachidule mbiri ya AI mumasewera apakanema. Pambuyo pake, tikuwonetsani mwachidule njira zina zophunzirira makina zomwe tingagwiritse ntchito kuphunzira kumenya masewera. Kenako tiwona ntchito zina zopambana za neural network kuti muphunzire komanso kuchita bwino masewera enaake apakanema.
Mbiri Yachidule ya AI mu Masewera
Tisanalowe chifukwa chomwe ma neural network adakhala njira yabwino yothetsera masewera a kanema, tiyeni tiwone mwachidule momwe asayansi apakompyuta agwiritsira ntchito masewera apakanema kupititsa patsogolo kafukufuku wawo mu AI.
Mutha kutsutsa kuti, kuyambira pomwe adayambira, masewera apakanema akhala malo otentha ofufuza ofufuza omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi AI.
Ngakhale simasewera apakanema omwe adachokera, chess yakhala yofunika kwambiri m'masiku oyambilira a AI. Mu 1951, Dr. Dietrich Prinz analemba pulogalamu ya chess pogwiritsa ntchito kompyuta ya digito ya Ferranti Mark 1. Izi zinali kale m'nthawi yomwe makompyuta akuluakuluwa ankayenera kuwerenga mapulogalamu pa tepi.
Pulogalamu yokhayo sinali yathunthu ya chess AI. Chifukwa chazovuta zamakompyuta, Prinz adatha kupanga pulogalamu yomwe imathetsa zovuta zamasewera amasewera awiri. Pafupifupi, pulogalamuyo idatenga mphindi 15-20 kuwerengera kusuntha kulikonse kwa osewera Oyera ndi Akuda.
Yesetsani kukonza chess ndi cheki AI yapita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono kwazaka zambiri. Kupita patsogolo kudafika pachimake mu 1997 pomwe Deep Blue ya IBM idagonjetsa agogo a chess waku Russia Garry Kasparov pamasewera asanu ndi limodzi. Masiku ano, injini za chess zomwe mungapeze pa foni yanu yam'manja zimatha kugonjetsa Deep Blue.
Otsutsa a AI adayamba kutchuka m'nthawi yamasewera amasewera apakanema. 1978's Space Invaders ndi 1980s Pac-Man ndi ena mwa omwe adayambitsa ntchito yopanga AI yomwe imatha kutsutsa ngakhale wakale wakale kwambiri pamasewera a Arcade.
Pac-Man, makamaka, anali masewera otchuka kuti ofufuza a AI ayesere. Zosiyanasiyana mpikisano chifukwa Ms. Pac-Man adakonzedwa kuti adziwe timu yomwe ingabwere ndi AI yabwino kwambiri kuti igonjetse masewerawo.
Game AI ndi heuristic ma algorithms adapitilirabe kusinthika pomwe kufunikira kwa otsutsa anzeru kudayamba. Mwachitsanzo, nkhondo ya AI idayamba kutchuka chifukwa mitundu monga owombera anthu oyamba idakhala yotchuka kwambiri.
Kuphunzira Pamakina mu Masewera a Kanema
Pamene njira zophunzirira makina zidayamba kutchuka, mapulojekiti osiyanasiyana ofufuza adayesa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopanozi posewera masewera apakanema.
Masewera monga Dota 2, StarCraft, ndi Doom amatha kukhala ngati mavuto kwa awa makina kuphunzira algorithms kuthetsa. Kuphunzira mozama ma aligorivimu, makamaka, anali okhoza kukwaniritsa ngakhale kupitirira ntchito za anthu.
The Malo Ophunzirira Arcade kapena ALE idapatsa ofufuza mawonekedwe amasewera opitilira zana a Atari 2600. Pulatifomu yotseguka idalola ofufuza kuti awonetse momwe makina ophunzirira amagwirira ntchito pamasewera apakanema akale a Atari. Google idasindikizanso zawo pepala kugwiritsa ntchito masewera asanu ndi awiri kuchokera ku ALE
Panthawiyi, ntchito ngati VizDoom adapatsa ofufuza a AI mwayi wophunzitsa makina ophunzirira makina kuti azisewera owombera a 3D oyamba.
Momwe Imagwirira Ntchito: Malingaliro Ena Ofunika
Ma Neural Networks
Njira zambiri zothanirana ndi masewera apakanema ndi kuphunzira pamakina zimaphatikizapo mtundu wa algorithm womwe umadziwika kuti neural network.
Mutha kuganiza za neural network ngati pulogalamu yomwe imayesa kutsanzira momwe ubongo ungagwire ntchito. Mofanana ndi momwe ubongo wathu umapangidwira ndi ma neuron omwe amatumiza chizindikiro, ukonde wa neural ulinso ndi ma neurons opangira.
Ma neurons opangira awa amasamutsanso ma sign kwa wina ndi mzake, chizindikiro chilichonse chimakhala nambala yeniyeni. Neural net imakhala ndi zigawo zingapo pakati pa zolowetsa ndi zotulutsa, zomwe zimatchedwa deep neural network.
Zolimbikitsa kuphunzira
Njira ina yodziwika bwino yophunzirira makina yokhudzana ndi kuphunzira masewera a kanema ndi lingaliro la kulimbikitsa kuphunzira.
Njira iyi ndi njira yophunzitsira wothandizira pogwiritsa ntchito mphotho kapena zilango. Ndi njira iyi, wothandizira akuyenera kubwera ndi njira yothetsera vuto pogwiritsa ntchito mayesero ndi zolakwika.
Tiyerekeze kuti tikufuna AI kuti tidziwe momwe tingasewere masewera a Nyoka. Cholinga chamasewerawa ndi chosavuta: pezani mfundo zambiri momwe mungathere podya zinthu ndikupewa mchira wanu womwe ukukula.
Ndi kuphunzira kulimbikitsa, tikhoza kufotokozera ntchito ya mphotho R. Ntchitoyi imawonjezera mfundo pamene Njoka idya chinthu ndikuchotsa mfundo pamene Njoka igunda chopinga. Poganizira momwe zinthu zilili pano komanso zochita zambiri, njira yathu yolimbikitsira maphunziro idzayesa kuwerengera 'ndondomeko' yabwino yomwe imakulitsa ntchito yathu ya mphotho.
Neuroevolution
Pokhalabe mumutuwu ndi kudzozedwa ndi chilengedwe, ofufuza apezanso bwino kugwiritsa ntchito ML pamasewera apakanema kudzera munjira yotchedwa neuroevolution.
M'malo mogwiritsa ntchito kutsika kwa gradient kuti tisinthe ma neuron mu netiweki, titha kugwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms osinthika kuti tipeze zotsatira zabwino.
Evolutionary algorithms nthawi zambiri imayamba ndikupanga kuchuluka kwa anthu mwachisawawa. Kenako timawayesa anthuwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zina. Anthu abwino kwambiri amasankhidwa kukhala “makolo” ndipo amaleredwa pamodzi kuti apange mbadwo watsopano wa anthu. Anthuwa adzalowa m'malo mwa anthu osakwanira bwino.
Ma aligorivimuwa amayambitsanso njira zina zosinthira pakadutsana kapena "kuswana" kuti musunge mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya majini.
Kafukufuku Wachitsanzo pa Kuphunzira Kwamakina mu Masewera a Kanema
OpenAI Five
OpenAI Five ndi pulogalamu yapakompyuta yopangidwa ndi OpenAI yomwe ikufuna kusewera DOTA 2, masewera otchuka amasewera omenyera mafoni ambiri (MOBA).
Pulogalamuyi idathandizira njira zophunzirira zolimbikitsira zomwe zidalipo kale, zomwe zidakwera kuti ziphunzire kuchokera ku mamiliyoni a mafelemu pa sekondi imodzi. Chifukwa cha njira yophunzitsira yogawidwa, OpenAI idakwanitsa kusewera masewera azaka 180 tsiku lililonse.
Pambuyo pa nthawi yophunzitsira, OpenAI Five idakwanitsa kuchita bwino kwambiri ndikuwonetsa mgwirizano ndi osewera aumunthu. Mu 2019, OpenAI asanu adatha kugonjetsedwa 99.4% ya osewera pamasewera apagulu.
Chifukwa chiyani OpenAI idasankha pamasewerawa? Malinga ndi ochita kafukufuku, DOTA 2 inali ndi makina ovuta omwe anali kunja kwakuya komwe kunalipo kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro ma algorithms.
Super Mario Bros.
Ntchito ina yosangalatsa ya maukonde a neural pamasewera apakanema ndikugwiritsa ntchito neuroevolution kusewera mapulatifomu monga Super Mario Bros.
Mwachitsanzo, izi kulowa kwa hackathon imayamba popanda chidziwitso cha masewerawo ndipo pang'onopang'ono imamanga maziko a zomwe zikufunika kuti zipite patsogolo kupyolera mu msinkhu.
The self-evolving neural net imatenga momwe masewerawa alili pano ngati gulu la matailosi. Poyamba, ukonde wa neural sumvetsetsa tanthauzo la matailosi aliwonse, kokha kuti matailosi a "mpweya" ndi osiyana ndi "ma tiles apansi" ndi "ma tiles a adani."
Kukhazikitsa kwa pulojekiti ya hackathon ya neuroevolution kunagwiritsa ntchito NEAT genetic algorithm kupanga maukonde osiyanasiyana mosankha.
Importance
Tsopano popeza mwawona zitsanzo za maukonde a neural akusewera masewera apakanema, mwina mungakhale mukuganiza kuti zonsezi ndi chiyani.
Popeza masewera apakanema amaphatikiza kulumikizana kovuta pakati pa othandizira ndi malo omwe amakhala, ndiye malo abwino oyesera kupanga AI. Malo owoneka bwino ndi otetezeka komanso otha kuwongolera ndipo amapereka deta yopanda malire.
Kafukufuku wopangidwa pankhaniyi athandiza ofufuza kuzindikira momwe maukonde a neural angakwaniritsidwire kuti aphunzire momwe angathetsere mavuto m'dziko lenileni.
Mitundu ya Neural amalimbikitsidwa ndi momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito m'chilengedwe. Pophunzira momwe ma neuroni opangira amachitira pophunzira kusewera masewera apakanema, titha kudziwanso momwe ubongo waumunthu ntchito.
Kutsiliza
Kufanana pakati pa ma neural network ndi ubongo kwapangitsa kuzindikira mbali zonse ziwiri. Kafukufuku wopitilira momwe maukonde a neural angathetsere mavuto tsiku lina angayambitse mitundu yapamwamba kwambiri nzeru zochita kupanga.
Ingoganizirani kugwiritsa ntchito AI yogwirizana ndi zomwe mukufuna kuti mutha kusewera masewera onse apakanema musanagule kuti ndikudziwitseni ngati kuli koyenera nthawi yanu. Kodi makampani amasewera apakanema angagwiritse ntchito maukonde a neural kukonza mapangidwe amasewera, mulingo wa tweak, komanso zovuta za otsutsa?
Kodi mukuganiza kuti chidzachitike ndi chiyani ma neural network akadzakhala osewera kwambiri?
Siyani Mumakonda