M'ndandanda wazopezekamo[Bisani][Show]
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pamtundu uliwonse wamakampani ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino chidziwitso. Nthawi zina, kuchuluka kwa data yomwe idapangidwa kumapitilira kuchuluka kwa makonzedwe oyambira.
Apa ndipamene ma algorithms ophunzirira makina amayambira. Komabe, zonsezi zisanachitike, chidziwitsocho chiyenera kuwerengedwa ndi kutanthauziridwa. Mwachidule, ndizomwe kuphunzira pamakina osayang'aniridwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.
M'nkhaniyi, tiwona mozama kuphunzira kwamakina osayang'aniridwa, kuphatikiza ma aligorivimu ake, momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, ndi zina zambiri.
Kodi Kuphunzira Kwa Makina Osayang'aniridwa Ndi Chiyani?
Makina osayang'aniridwa ophunzirira makina amazindikiritsa machitidwe mu dataset yomwe ilibe zotsatira zodziwika kapena zolembedwa. Kuyang'aniridwa makina kuphunzira algorithms kukhala ndi zotuluka zolembedwa.
Kudziwa kusiyana kumeneku kumakuthandizani kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake njira zophunzirira zamakina zosayang'aniridwa sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito pothana ndi mavuto obwerera m'mbuyo kapena m'magulu, popeza simukudziwa kuti phindu / yankho la zomwe zatuluka lingakhale liti. Simungathe kuphunzitsa algorithm nthawi zonse ngati simukudziwa mtengo / yankho.
Kuphatikiza apo, maphunziro osayang'aniridwa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira momwe datayo ilili. Ma algorithms awa amazindikira machitidwe obisika kapena magulu a data popanda kufunikira kolumikizana ndi anthu.
Kuthekera kwake kuzindikira kufanana ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa chidziwitso kumapangitsa kukhala chisankho chabwino pakusanthula deta, njira zogulitsira, kugawa kwa ogula, ndikuzindikiritsa zithunzi.
Ganizirani izi: muli mu golosale ndipo mukuwona chipatso chosadziwika chomwe simunachiwonepo. Mutha kusiyanitsa chipatso chosadziwika bwino chosiyana ndi zipatso zina potengera momwe mumawonera mawonekedwe ake, kukula kwake, kapena mtundu wake.
Ma Algorithms Osayang'aniridwa ndi Makina Ophunzirira
Kuphatikiza
Kuphatikizana mosakayikira ndiyo njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pophunzirira mosayang'aniridwa. Njirayi imayika zinthu zokhudzana ndi deta m'magulu opangidwa mwachisawawa.
Payokha, mtundu wa ML umapeza masinthidwe, kufanana, ndi/kapena kusiyana kwamtundu wa data wopanda magawo. Chitsanzo chizitha kupeza magulu achilengedwe kapena makalasi mu data.
mitundu
Pali mitundu ingapo ya clustering yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Tiyeni tione zofunika kwambiri poyamba.
- Kusonkhanitsa kwapadera, komwe nthawi zina kumadziwika kuti "hard clustering", ndi mtundu wamagulu momwe chidutswa chimodzi cha data chimakhala cha gulu limodzi lokha.
- Kuphatikizika kwamagulu, komwe kumadziwika kuti "soft" clustering, kumalola kuti zinthu za data zikhale zamagulu angapo kupita kumagulu osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, magulu othekera atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi zovuta zamagulu "zofewa" kapena kuyerekezera kachulukidwe, komanso kuwunika kuthekera kapena kuthekera kwa ma data amagulu ena.
- Kupanga mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zili m'magulu ndi cholinga cha magulu otsogola, monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera. Zinthu za data zimasinthidwa kapena kuphatikizidwa kutengera utsogoleri kuti apange magulu.
Gwiritsani ntchito milandu:
- Kuzindikira Kwachilendo:
Mtundu uliwonse wakunja mu data ukhoza kudziwika pogwiritsa ntchito clustering. Makampani amayendedwe ndi zotengera, mwachitsanzo, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito kuzindikira mosadziwika bwino kuti apeze zolepheretsa kapena kuwulula zida zowonongeka (zokonzeratu zolosera).
Mabungwe azachuma angagwiritse ntchito luso lamakono kuti azindikire zochitika zachinyengo ndikuyankha mwamsanga, zomwe zingathe kupulumutsa ndalama zambiri. Dziwani zambiri zakuwona zolakwika ndi zachinyengo powonera kanema wathu.
- Gawo lamakasitomala ndi misika:
Ma Clustering ma algorithms amatha kuthandizira kupanga magulu a anthu omwe ali ndi mikhalidwe yofananira ndikupanga anthu ogula kuti azitha kutsatsa komanso njira zomwe akuwaganizira.
K-njira
K-njira ndi njira yophatikizira yomwe imadziwikanso kuti kugawa kapena kugawa. Imagawaniza ma data kukhala magulu odziwikiratu omwe amadziwika kuti K.
Mu njira ya K-njira, K ndiye cholowetsa popeza mumauza kompyuta kuti mukufuna kudziwa magulu angati mu data yanu. Chilichonse cha data pambuyo pake chimaperekedwa ku malo amgulu omwe ali pafupi kwambiri, omwe amadziwika kuti centroid (madontho akuda pachithunzichi).
Zotsirizirazi zimakhala ngati malo osungirako deta. Njira yophatikizira imatha kuchitika kangapo mpaka masango atadziwika bwino.
Fuzzy K-njira
Njira zosamveka za K ndi njira yowonjezera ya njira ya K, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magulu odutsana. Mosiyana ndi njira ya K-njira, njira zosamveka za K zikuwonetsa kuti mfundo za data zitha kukhala zamagulu ambiri okhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana oyandikira aliyense.
Mtunda pakati pa ma data ndi cluster's centroid umagwiritsidwa ntchito powerengera moyandikana. Chifukwa chake, pakhoza kukhala nthawi pomwe magulu osiyanasiyana amalumikizana.
Mitundu Yosakanikirana ya Gaussian
Ma Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikizira ma probabilistic clustering. Chifukwa tanthauzo ndi kusiyanasiyana sikudziwika, zitsanzozo zimaganiza kuti pali chiwerengero chokhazikika cha magawo a Gaussian, chilichonse chikuyimira gulu losiyana.
Kuti mudziwe kuti ndi gulu liti lomwe lili ndi data, njirayo imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Hierarchical Clustering
Njira yophatikizira yokhazikika imatha kuyamba ndi mfundo iliyonse yoperekedwa kumagulu osiyanasiyana. Magulu awiri omwe ali oyandikana kwambiri amawaphatikiza kukhala gulu limodzi. Kuphatikiza kobwerezabwereza kumapitilira mpaka gulu limodzi lokha litsalira pamwamba.
Njirayi imadziwika kuti pansi-mmwamba kapena agglomerative. Ngati muyamba ndi zinthu zonse za data zomwe zimamangiriridwa ku gulu lomwelo ndiyeno kugawanika mpaka chinthu chilichonse cha data chigawidwe ngati gulu lapadera, njirayo imadziwika kuti top-down or divisive hierarchical clustering.
Apriori algorithm
Kusanthula kwabasiketi pamsika kudakulitsa ma aligorivimu a apriori, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale mainjini osiyanasiyana opangira nyimbo ndi malo ogulitsira pa intaneti.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma datasets kuti apeze zinthu zanthawi zonse, kapena magulu azinthu, kuti athe kulosera za kuthekera kwa kudya chinthu chimodzi potengera kudyedwa kwa china.
Mwachitsanzo, ndikayamba kusewera wailesi ya OneRepublic pa Spotify ndi "Kuwerengera Nyenyezi," imodzi mwa nyimbo zina panjirayi idzakhala nyimbo ya Imagine Dragon, monga "Bad Liar."
Izi zimachokera ku zizolowezi zanga zomvetsera zam'mbuyo komanso njira zomvetsera za ena. Njira za Apriori zimawerengera zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito mtengo wa hashi, kudutsa m'lifupi la dataset-poyamba.
Kuchepetsa Kukula
Kuchepetsa kukula ndi mtundu wa maphunziro osayang'aniridwa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosonkhanitsira kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa zinthu - kapena miyeso - mu dataset. Tiloleni tifotokoze.
Zingakhale zokopa kuti muphatikize zambiri momwe mungathere popanga zanu dataset yophunzirira makina. Osatilakwitse: njirayi imagwira ntchito bwino chifukwa zambiri nthawi zambiri zimatulutsa zolondola.
Tangoganizani kuti deta yasungidwa mu malo a N-dimensional, ndipo mbali iliyonse ikuyimira mbali yosiyana. Pakhoza kukhala mazana a miyeso ngati pali zambiri.
Ganizirani zamasamba a Excel, okhala ndi mizati yoyimira mawonekedwe ndi mizere yoyimira zinthu za data. Pakakhala miyeso yambiri, ma aligorivimu a ML amatha kuchita bwino komanso kuyang'ana kwazinthu zitha kukhala zovuta.
Chifukwa chake zimakhala zomveka kuchepetsa mawonekedwe kapena kukula kwake, ndikupereka zidziwitso zoyenera. Kuchepetsa dimensionality ndizomwezo. Imaloleza kuchuluka kosinthika kwa zolowetsa popanda kusokoneza kukhulupirika kwa gulu la data.
Kuwunika Kwakukulu Kwambiri (PCA)
Kusanthula kwachigawo chachikulu ndi njira yochepetsera miyeso. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zili m'magulu akuluakulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti deta ikhale yosavuta kwambiri popanda kusiya kulondola.
Kuphatikizika kwa dataset kumatheka ndi njira yomwe imadziwika kuti kutulutsa mawonekedwe. Zimasonyeza kuti zinthu zochokera ku seti yoyambirira zimaphatikizidwa kukhala zatsopano, zazing'ono. Makhalidwe atsopanowa amadziwika kuti ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu.
Zachidziwikire, pali ma aligorivimu owonjezera omwe mungagwiritse ntchito pamapulogalamu anu ophunzirira osayang'aniridwa. Zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa ndizofala kwambiri, chifukwa chake akukambidwa mwatsatanetsatane.
Kugwiritsa ntchito maphunziro osayang'aniridwa
- Njira zophunzirira zosayang'aniridwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zowonera monga kuzindikira zinthu.
- Kuphunzira pamakina osayang'aniridwa kumapereka zinthu zofunika kwambiri pamakina oyerekeza achipatala, monga kuzindikiritsa zithunzi, magulu, ndi magawo, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu radiology ndi pathology kuti azindikire odwala mwachangu komanso modalirika.
- Kuphunzira kosayang'aniridwa kungathandize kuzindikira zomwe zikuchitika zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga njira zogulitsira malonda pogwiritsa ntchito deta yakale pa khalidwe la ogula. Panthawi yotuluka, izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabizinesi apaintaneti kuti afotokozere zowonjezera zoyenera kwa makasitomala.
- Njira zophunzirira zosayang'aniridwa zimatha kusanthula zambiri za data kuti zipeze zakunja. Zolakwika izi zitha kuwonetsa kuti zida sizikuyenda bwino, kulakwitsa kwamunthu, kapena kuphwanya chitetezo.
Mavuto ndi maphunziro osayang'aniridwa
Maphunziro osayang'aniridwa ndi okopa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku kuthekera kopeza zidziwitso zofunika deta popewa kulemba ma data okwera mtengo ntchito. Komabe, pali zovuta zingapo zogwiritsa ntchito njirayi pophunzitsa mitundu yophunzirira makina zomwe muyenera kuzidziwa. Nazi zitsanzo.
- Popeza deta yolowetsa ilibe zilembo zomwe zimakhala ngati makiyi oyankhira, zotsatira za maphunzilo osayang'aniridwa sizingakhale zolondola.
- Kuphunzira kosayang'aniridwa nthawi zambiri kumagwira ntchito ndi magulu akuluakulu a data, zomwe zingapangitse kuti pakhale zovuta.
- Njirayi imafunikira kutsimikiziridwa kwa zotuluka ndi anthu, kaya akatswiri amkati kapena akunja pamutu wofunsidwa.
- Ma algorithms ayenera kuyang'ana ndikuwerengera zochitika zonse zomwe zingatheke panthawi yonse yophunzitsira, zomwe zimatenga nthawi.
Kutsiliza
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino deta ndiye chinsinsi chokhazikitsa mpikisano wamsika wina.
Mutha kugawa datayo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zophunzirira zamakina zosayang'aniridwa kuti muwone zomwe omvera anu akufuna kapena kudziwa momwe matenda ena amayankhira chithandizo china.
Pali zingapo zothandiza ntchito, ndi akatswiri asayansi, mainjiniya, ndi omanga atha kukuthandizani kufotokozera zolinga zanu ndikupanga mayankho apadera a ML pakampani yanu.
Siyani Mumakonda