Table of Contents[Hide][Show]
- 1. What do you mean by DevOps?
- 2. List some principles of DevOps?
- 3. List some of the most popular tools of DevOps?
- 4. What is infrastructure as code?
- 5. Explain the DevOps lifecycle?
- 6. What is configuration management?
- 7. What are the main advantages of DevOps?
- 8. What are the benefits of using a Version Control System?
- 9. What is git stash?
- 10. What is CI/CD?
- 11. What is the CI/CD pipeline?
- 12. What is Continuous Testing?
- 13. How DevOps is different from Agile?
- 14. Can you name a few key performance indicators (KPIs) that are used to measure DevOps success?
- 15 Name a few cloud platforms that are utilized to implement DevOps?
- 16. How does AWS relate to DevOps?
- 17. In AWS DevOps, what exactly is CodePipeline?
- 18. What exactly is CodeBuild in AWS DevOps?
- 19. What exactly is AWS Lambda in the context of AWS DevOps?
- 20. Which programming frameworks are compatible with AWS CodeBuild?
- 21. In AWS DevOps, what are microservices?
- 22. What role does Amazon QuickSight play in AWS DevOps?
- 23. In AWS DevOps, how do Kubernetes containers communicate?
- 24. What is a hybrid cloud in AWS DevOps?
- 25. What is Ansible?
- 26. What is the purpose of selenium?
- 27. What is a Selenium Grid and what does it do?
- 28. What is Selenium IDE?
- 29. In DevOps, what do you mean by Puppet?
- 30. To make Puppet more powerful, what open source or community tools do you use?
- 31. Explain Jenkins’ master-slave architecture?
- 32. How can Jenkins be moved or copied from one server to another?
- 33. Mention a few Jenkins plugins that are beneficial?
- 34. What is Nagios?
- 35. How does Nagios work?
- 36. What exactly is the Nagios Log Server?
- 37. What is State Stalking in Nagios?
- 38. What are containers, exactly?
- 39. What exactly is a Docker image?
- 40. What exactly is a Docker container?
- 41. What is the purpose of a Dockerfile?
- 42. What exactly is ‘Pair Programming?
- 43. What exactly is a Chef?
- 44. What exactly is the Blue/Green Deployment Pattern?
- 45. What is Memcached?
- 46. What are the features of Memcached?
- 47. Name a few useful network monitoring tools?
- 48. What are some of the obstacles to establishing a DevOps pipeline?
- 49. What exactly is the purpose of Secure Shell?
- 50. What exactly is CBD?
- Conclusion
Development & Operations is what DevOps stands for.
It’s a new type of software development that’s changed the way software is created and disseminated. The DevOps technique prioritizes frequent, incremental upgrades over infrequent large feature sets.
DevOps helps IT operations.
Before DevOps, the IT staff had to deal with a number of issues.
As a result, the IT department was subjected to some unwelcome scrutiny. That all changed with the introduction of DevOps, which allows IT operations to communicate their concerns with the rest of the business, resulting in improved transparency and cooperation between IT operations and other departments.
If you’ve begun preparing for development and operations responsibilities in the IT business, you’re already aware that it’s a difficult profession to break into.
Are you considering a career in DevOps?
If that’s the case, you’ve come to the correct place.
Here are some of the most frequently asked DevOps interview questions and answers to aid you in your preparation for DevOps careers in the industry.
1. What do you mean by DevOps?
Development and Operations (DevOps) are two terms that are often used interchangeably. It’s a software engineering approach that focuses on bringing the development and operations teams together to automate the project at every level.
This technique makes it simple to automate project service management so that operational goals can be met and the technology stack utilized in the production environment can be better understood.
This strategy is based on agile methodology and emphasizes team communication, resource management, and collaboration.
2. List some principles of DevOps?
DevOps is based on the following principles:
- Continuous deployment
- Automation
- Monitoring
- Security
- Infrastructure as code
3. List some of the most popular tools of DevOps?
The most often used DevOps tools are:
- Git
- Ansible
- Docker
- Selenium
- Puppet
- Chef
- Jenkins
4. What is infrastructure as code?
Infrastructure as code, or IaC, is a software-based IT technique that codifies and maintains the underlying IT infrastructure. Instead of manually configuring separate hardware devices and operating systems, infrastructure as code allows developers and operations teams to automatically manage, monitor, and provide resources.
5. Explain the DevOps lifecycle?
DevOps is divided into six stages. Its stages follow a certain cycle.
However, no phase is divided by borders, and no phase begins even if the preceding one has totally finished. Let’s take a closer look at the DevOps cycle phase now.
- Planning – The initial part of the DevOps lifecycle includes planning and software development. This phase entails thoroughly comprehending the project in order to achieve the final work goal of its members. This also feeds the various stages of development and operations. It is also critical that organizations receive training on tools and metrics in order to have a clear picture of the project’s management.
- Development – During this phase, the project is constructed by designing infrastructure, developing code, establishing tests, or using an automation process. Evidence is critical at this stage. In order to manage applications and data activities, developers save code in a code manager, which allows for viewing, versioning, and much more.
- Continuous Integration – This step automates the validation and testing mechanisms. This has a unique feature that guarantees that the development environment is correctly configured before being released in a service that combines it with the other apps.
- Automated Deployment – DevOps encourages the use of tools and scripts to automate deployments, with the ultimate objective of automating the entire process with the activation of a feature. The emergence of the cloud, as a code that compels a move from finite infrastructure management to permanent cost optimization management, is the most essential component of this period.
- Operation – All DevOps operations are typically performed continuously throughout the life of software due to the dynamic nature of the infrastructure. Transformation, availability, and scalability are all possible with this platform.
- Monitoring – This is a continuous stage in the DevOps process. DevOps keeps track of and analyzes data that shows the application’s present state.
6. What is configuration management?
Configuration management (CM) is a process of handling changes in a systematic manner such that the system’s integrity is maintained throughout time.
This entails a set of rules, strategies, processes, and tools for assessing, managing, and monitoring change proposals, as well as preserving the necessary documentation. CM contributes to the design and development of the program by giving administrative and technical guidance.
7. What are the main advantages of DevOps?
The following are the main advantages of DevOps:
Advantages in terms of technology
- Problems that aren’t as difficult to solve
- Software delivery on a continuous basis
- Defects are detected earlier and corrected more quickly.
Advantages to the company
- Operating environments that are stable
- Features are delivered more quickly.
- Collaboration and communication between teams have improved.
8. What are the benefits of using a Version Control System?
- The VCS neatly organizes all previous versions and variations.
- All employees can view the file at any time using the Version Control System (VCS). It also allows all modifications made in a common version to be merged together.
- It is meant to assist numerous individuals by allowing them to collaborate on text files, making sharing between several machines very simple.
- It’s crucial for papers that require a lot of redrafting and editing, since it creates a paper trail for redrafting and updating final editions.
- It allows all team members to view the whole project history, allowing us to utilize any teammate’s storage in the event of a central server failure.
9. What is git stash?
The git stash command saves changes in the working directory temporarily. This provides a clean working environment for developers. They can then use the git procedure to merge the modifications. The changes in the tracked files are merged in the working directory when this command is performed. In the git directory, the git stash command can be used several times. It’s a repository for git.
10. What is CI/CD?
Continuous Integration (CI) is a development method in which developers must integrate code into a common repository numerous times each day. An automatic build then validates each check-in, allowing teams to spot problems early.
Continuous deployment is a software engineering technique that uses automated deployment to offer product functionality. It assists testers in determining whether or not the codebase modifications are proper and stable.
11. What is the CI/CD pipeline?
The software delivery process is automated via a CI/CD pipeline. It generates code, does tests, and assists you in properly deploying a new software version. The CI/CD pipeline eliminates human mistakes, gives developers feedback, and enables rapid product iterations. The CI/CD pipeline automates and monitors a software product’s development lifecycle. It covers the entire process, from integration and testing through delivery and deployment. CI/CD pipeline refers to these interconnected activities.
12. What is Continuous Testing?
Continuous Testing is the process of performing automated tests as part of the software delivery pipeline to offer real-time feedback on the business risks in the most recent release. Every build is continuously tested in this manner to avoid difficulties with step-switching in the Software delivery life-cycle and to allow Development teams to receive rapid feedback. This leads to a huge gain in a developer’s productivity because all tests no longer need to be re-run after each update and project re-building.
13. How DevOps is different from Agile?
DevOps is a method or culture that allows development and operations teams to work together to build successful products. Continuous development, integration, testing, deployment, and monitoring of the SDLC cycle are some of the approaches that can be used to accomplish this. For a successful product launch, DevOps aims to bridge the gap between developers and operations.
Agile is a software development process that emphasizes incremental, iterative, and quick software product releases while incorporating client input. This approach bridges the gap between the clients’ and developers’ knowledge of requirements.
14. Can you name a few key performance indicators (KPIs) that are used to measure DevOps success?
Key Performance Indicators, or KPIs, are a type of metric that measures how well something is doing. The following are some of the most often used KPIs for measuring DevOps success:
- Customer tickets
- Successful deployment frequency and time
- Error/Failure rates
- Failed deployments
- Application usage, performance, and traffic
- Automated Test Case Pass Percentage.
- Application Availability
- Change volume requests
- Meantime to detection (MTTD)
- Meantime to recovery (MTTR)
15 Name a few cloud platforms that are utilized to implement DevOps?
The following are some of the most popular cloud computing platforms for DevOps implementation:
- Amazon Web Services
- Google Cloud
- Azure
16. How does AWS relate to DevOps?
Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a cloud service platform that makes DevOps principles simple to implement.
The solutions given will greatly aid teams in managing complicated settings and engineers in working successfully with the high velocity provided by DevOps.
17. In AWS DevOps, what exactly is CodePipeline?
AWS offers CodePipeline as a service for continuous integration and delivery.
It also includes changes to the infrastructure. With the established release model protocols that a user defines, operations such as building, testing, and deploying after each build become relatively simple.
CodePipeline guarantees that new software upgrades and features are delivered reliably and quickly.
18. What exactly is CodeBuild in AWS DevOps?
AWS provides CodeBuild, a fully managed in-house build service that helps with source code compilation, testing, and the generation of ready-to-deploy software packages. There is no need for administration, allocation, or provisioning because the build servers are automatically scaled.
Build operations are carried out in parallel on servers, providing the biggest benefit of not having to leave any builds waiting in a queue.
19. What exactly is AWS Lambda in the context of AWS DevOps?
AWS Lambda is a compute service that allows customers to run programs without explicitly provisioning or managing servers.
Users can run any piece of code for their apps or services using AWS Lambda without previous integration. It’s as simple as submitting a piece of code and letting Lambda handle everything else necessary to operate and grow it.
20. Which programming frameworks are compatible with AWS CodeBuild?
AWS CodeBuild includes Python, Ruby, Java, Android, Docker, Node.js, and Go environments.
By initializing and generating a Docker image, a bespoke environment can also be created. This is then pushed to the EC2 or DockerHub registries. This is afterward used to refer to the picture in the users’ build project.
21. In AWS DevOps, what are microservices?
Microservice architectures are techniques for designing a single application as a collection of services.
Each of these services has its own process structure and communicates with the others through a defined interface that is both lightweight and simple to use. The majority of this communication is done through HTTP and API queries.
22. What role does Amazon QuickSight play in AWS DevOps?
Amazon QuickSight is an AWS Business Analytics tool that makes it simple to create visualizations, conduct analysis, and derive business insights from the findings.
It is a fast-paced and entirely cloud-based service that provides users with several options to discover and use it.
23. In AWS DevOps, how do Kubernetes containers communicate?
In Kubernetes, an item known as a pod is utilized to map between containers.
At any given time, a pod can hold more than one container. Because of the pod’s flat network hierarchy, communicating between these pods on the overlay network is simple.
24. What is a hybrid cloud in AWS DevOps?
A hybrid cloud is a computing environment that combines private and public clouds.
Hybrid clouds can be built by inserting a VPN tunnel between the cloud VPN and the on-premises network. AWS Direct Connect can also simply circumvent the Internet and connect securely between the VPN and a data center.
25. What is Ansible?
Ansible is a cross-platform computer support automation program that is simple to use yet extremely powerful.
It’s designed particularly for IT professionals, who use it for application deployment, workstation and server upgrades, cloud provisioning, configuration management, intra-service orchestration, and practically everything else a systems administrator performs on a weekly or daily basis.
Ansible is simple to install since it doesn’t require any agent software or other security infrastructure.
26. What is the purpose of selenium?
Selenium is used in DevOps for continuous testing. The tool focuses on functional and regression testing.
27. What is a Selenium Grid and what does it do?
The purpose of a Selenium Grid is to run the same or different test scripts on multiple platforms and browsers in order to do distributed testing. It assists in testing in a variety of scenarios and has the capacity to reduce execution time.
28. What is Selenium IDE?
The Selenium integrated development environment (IDE) provides a one-stop-shop for Selenium script development. It’s also available as a Firefox extension and can be used to debug, change, and record tests.
Selenium IDE includes the whole Selenium Core, allowing us to replay and record tests in the identical context in which they will be run. Because of the flexibility to shift instructions around quickly and the autocomplete support, Selenium IDE is the finest environment for writing Selenium tests, independent of the kind of testing we like.
29. In DevOps, what do you mean by Puppet?
It’s a configuration management program for automating administrative duties. Puppet employs a Master-Slave architecture, in which two entities communicate through an encrypted channel. System administrators are responsible for a variety of repetitious duties, including installing and configuring servers.
It is possible to write scripts to automate such activities, but this gets difficult when the infrastructure is vast. Configuration management is an excellent workaround. Puppet aids with the configuration, deployment, and management of servers.
It not only makes such repetitious jobs easier, but it also saves a substantial amount of time overall.
30. To make Puppet more powerful, what open source or community tools do you use?
Jira is used to track changes and requests, and we manage them through an internal procedure.
Then, in accordance with best practices, we utilize Git and Puppet’s Code Manager app to manage Puppet code. In addition, we use Jenkins’ continuous integration pipeline and the beaker testing framework to perform all of our Puppet updates.
31. Explain Jenkins’ master-slave architecture?
- Every time there is a code commit, Jenkins master retrieves the code from the remote GitHub repository.
- It splits up the task among all Jenkins slaves.
- The slaves carry out, build, test, and create test results on the Jenkins master’s request.
32. How can Jenkins be moved or copied from one server to another?
I’ll start by transferring the jobs directory from the old to the new server. There are other options available, which I’ve listed below:
It is possible to:
- Simply transfer the matching job directory from one Jenkins installation to another to move a job.
- Create a clone of a job directory with a new name to duplicate an existing job.
- A directory can be renamed to rename an existing task. If you rename a job, any other job that attempts to call the renamed job must be renamed as well.
33. Mention a few Jenkins plugins that are beneficial?
I’ve included a few essential plugins below:
- Copy artifact
- Join
- Green Balls
- Maven 2 projects
- Amazon EC2
- HTML publisher
34. What is Nagios?
One of the monitoring tools is Nagios. In a DevOps culture, it is utilized for continuous monitoring of systems, applications, services, and business processes, among other things.
In the case of a failure, Nagios can notify technical employees, allowing them to begin troubleshooting before business operations, end-users, or customers are impacted.
You don’t have to explain why an undetected infrastructure breakdown affects your company’s bottom line using Nagios.
35. How does Nagios work?
Nagios is a server-based monitoring system that operates as a daemon or service. Nagios executes plugins on the same server on a regular basis, and they contact hosts or servers on your network or the internet. The web interface can be used to view status information.
If something happens, you can also be notified through email or SMS. The Nagios daemon works like a scheduler, executing programs at specific times. It saves the output of those scripts and runs new ones if the output changes.
36. What exactly is the Nagios Log Server?
The Nagios Log Server makes it easier to look through log data. Setting up alarms, warning when possible dangers appear, simply searching log data, and fast auditing any system are all things that Nagios Log Server excels at.
We can receive all of our log data in one place with high availability using Nagios Log Server.
37. What is State Stalking in Nagios?
It’s used to keep track of things. When Stalking is enabled for a host or service, Nagios will keep a close eye on that host or service and note any changes it notices in the check results output.
You can also say, “It can be quite beneficial in a subsequent examination of the log files,” depending on the conversation you and the interviewer had. The outcome of a host or service check is only reported in typical circumstances if the host or service has changed status since the prior check.”
38. What are containers, exactly?
Containers are used to create a consistent computing environment from a developer’s laptop to a test environment, then to production. A container is a single package that contains a whole runtime environment: a program, as well as all of its dependencies, libraries, other components, and configuration files required to execute it.
The disparities in OS distributions and supporting infrastructure are eliminated by containerizing the application platform and its dependencies.
39. What exactly is a Docker image?
The Docker container comes from a Docker image. To put it another way, Docker images are used to build containers. Images are built with the build command, and when run, they will form a container. A Docker registry, such as registry.hub.docker.com, stores images.
Images are meant to be constructed of layers of other photos since they can grow rather huge, allowing for a minimal amount of data to be delivered while transmitting images over the network.
40. What exactly is a Docker container?
Docker containers include the program and all of its dependencies, but they share the kernel with other containers and operate as separate processes in user space on the host OS. Docker containers don’t require any special infrastructure to run: they can run on any machine, on any infrastructure, and in any cloud.
You can construct Docker containers by either producing a Docker image and then executing it, or by using Docker images from the Dockerhub. Docker containers are essentially runtime Docker images.
41. What is the purpose of a Dockerfile?
Docker can read instructions from a Dockerfile and generate images for you automatically.
A Dockerfile is a text file that contains all of the commands that a user can use to create an image from the command line. Users can use docker build to automate a build that performs numerous command-line instructions in a row.
42. What exactly is ‘Pair Programming?
Pair programming is an engineering approach in which two programmers collaborate on the same system, design, and code.
They adhere to the principles of “Extreme Programming.” In this case, one programmer is referred to as the “driver,” while the other is referred to as the “observer,” who continually checks the project’s progress in order to uncover any further difficulties.
43. What exactly is a Chef?
It is a robust automation platform that converts infrastructure into code. You can use this tool to create scripts that automate operations.
44. What exactly is the Blue/Green Deployment Pattern?
A blue-green pattern is a continuous deployment, application release methodology that focuses on progressively transitioning user traffic from a previously functional version of the program or service to a nearly identical new release – both versions running in production.
The blue environment represents the previous version of the program, while the green environment represents the current version. The production traffic would be progressively transferred from a blue to a green environment, and once entirely transferred, the blue environment would be maintained on hold only in case of a rollback requirement.
45. What is Memcached?
Memcached is a distributed memory object caching technology that is completely free and open-source. This is commonly used in dynamic web applications to manage memory by caching data in RAM. This reduces the number of times external sources must be queried. Reducing database load also aids in the speeding up of dynamic online applications.
46. What are the features of Memcached?
Here are some of Memcached’s most notable characteristics:
- The updated objects are stored using CAS Tokens.
- To make the code more readable, callbacks are used.
- Reduce the response time or the time it takes for the result by using GetDelayed.
- To use with the new client, create a binary protocol.
- For usage with complicated data, an Igbinary data option is offered.
47. Name a few useful network monitoring tools?
The following are some of the most popular network monitoring tools:
- Splunk
- Icinga 2
- Wireshark
- Nagios
- OpenNMS
48. What are some of the obstacles to establishing a DevOps pipeline?
In this age of technological explosions, DevOps presents a variety of issues. Most of the time, it has to do with data migration and quickly integrating new functionality. If data migration fails, the system may become unstable, which can lead to problems further down the road.
However, inside the CI system, this can be handled by using a feature flag, which aids in incremental product releases. This, together with the rollback feature, can help mitigate some of the issues.
49. What exactly is the purpose of Secure Shell?
SSH is commonly used to link two computers and operate them remotely. SSH is mostly utilized by the operations team since the operations team will be dealing with chores that will necessitate remote access to the admin system.
The developers will also use SSH, although to a lesser extent than the operations team because they will be working on local systems the majority of the time. As previously stated, the DevOps development and operations teams will interact and work together.
SSH will be utilized when the operations team encounters an issue and need assistance from the development team.
50. What exactly is CBD?
CBD, also known as Component-Based Creation, is a novel method of product development.
Instead of starting from scratch, developers in this strategy always hunt for existing well-defined, tested, and confirmed components to compose and assemble into a product.
Conclusion
The Top DevOps Interview Questions and Answers are now complete. DevOps is vital not just for speeding up software development, but also for improving software quality.
DevOps brings a fresh attitude, agile techniques, and smart technologies to the table, all of which work together to achieve that aim. DevOps can also aid in the detection of code errors, improve team communication, and reduce the total cost of software development.
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