Isiqulatho[Fihla][Bonisa]
Into ebonakalayo elawula amaza ombane kwi-optical spectrum ibizwa ngokuba yi-optical waveguide.
I-Dielectric waveguides ecacileyo eyenziwe ngeplastiki kunye neglasi, kunye nefiber optical, ziindlela eziqhelekileyo ze-optical waveguides.
Uluhlu lwesithuba apho ukukhanya kunokusasaza khona kunyanzeliswa yi-optical waveguide, esisixhobo esingenandawo esinendawo yokwalathisa ukukhanya.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-waveguide inecandelo apho i-refractive index iphezulu kune-medium ejikelezileyo (ebizwa ngokuba yi-cladding).
Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga imigaqo ye-optical waveguide, eminye imizekelo, nokunye okuninzi.
Intshayelelo kwi-optical waveguide
Iibhloko zokwakha ezisisiseko zezixhobo zefotonic zi-optical waveguides, eziqondisa, isibini, ukutshintsha, ukwahlula, ukuphindaphinda, kunye neempawu ze-demultiplex optical.
Ukusebenzisa itekhnoloji yeplani, efana ne-microelectronics, i-waveguides, i-electrooptic components, ii-transmitter, abamkeli, kunye nokuqhuba i-electronics zinokudityaniswa kwi-chip enye.
Ukusebenza kwezixhobo ze-waveguide kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ijometri, ubude be-wavelength, ukuhanjiswa kwentsimi yokuqala, ulwazi lwezinto eziphathekayo, kunye neemeko zokuqhuba i-electrooptic, ngaphandle kokuba ukusebenza kwazo kuye kwafundwa ngokubanzi kwaye kwaqondwa.
Ngaphambi kokwenza igajethi, iiparamitha ezithile kufuneka zilungiswe. Ngenxa yokuba zininzi kakhulu izixhobo ezifunekayo ukwenza i-chip, imodeli echanekileyo ibalulekile kwiisekethe ezinkulu ze-optoelectronic.
Iimowudi zeWaveguide, imowudi yokudibanisa, ilahleko, kunye nokuzuza, kunye nokuhanjiswa kweempawu zokukhanya, zonke zilinganiswe kuyilo lwamaza okukhanya.
Isixhobo se-waveguide sichazwe kwicandelo elinye ledatha yokungena ngejometri yayo, izinto zokuvelisa, kunye nezinto eziphathekayo.
Idatha ye-waveguide kufuneka ibe ligalelo kusetyenziswa uyilo lweprojekthi kunye nesoftware enokulawula iiparamitha zokuvelisa.
Ukuseta ukubalwa kwamanani, ukufaka idatha kukwabandakanya elinye icandelo. Kwihlabathi eligqibeleleyo, iinkqubo zokufakwayo ziya kufihla okanye zithintele iinkcukacha zokubala kwamanani.
Kodwa ekubeni imodeli ye-waveguide ihlala isebenzisa iinkqubo zamanani ezintsonkothileyo, kufuneka uqhelane nezinye izinto zamanani asezantsi.
Iisekethe zefotoni zakhiwa kusetyenziswa amaza amaza. Ngokuthe gqolo kwindlela esecaleni kweziko le-waveguide yinkcazo yobubanzi be-waveguide, nokuba ilungisiwe okanye iyatshintsha.
Inqununu yeSiseko ye-Optical waveguide
Njengoko kubonisiwe emfanekisweni, iikhonsepthi zejometri okanye zeray optics zinokusetyenziselwa ukuhambisa iimbono ezisisiseko ezixhasa i-optical waveguides.
I-refraction yinkqubo apho ukukhanya okungena kwi-material ene-refraction index ephezulu kugobela kwesiqhelo.
Cinga ngemeko yokukhanya okungena kwiglasi evela emoyeni. Ngokufana nendlela ukukhanya okuhamba ngayo ngenye indlela, ukusuka kwiglasi ukuya emoyeni, landela indlela efanayo kwaye uphambuke kwisiqhelo. Ngenxa ye-symmetry yokubuyisela umva kwexesha, oku kuphumela. Kuyenzeka ukwenza imephu imitha nganye esemoyeni ukuya kwimitha ekwiglasi.
Ubudlelwane bomntu omnye bukhona. Kodwa ezinye iimitha zokukhanya kwiglasi ziphosakele ngenxa yokuchasa. Ukubonakaliswa kwangaphakathi okupheleleyo, okubamba ukukhanya okuseleyo kwiglasi, yindlela yokusebenza.
Kwi-engile phezu kwe-angle ebalulekileyo, ziziganeko kwi-glass-air contact. Kwimixube entsonkothileyo eyakhiwe kumsebenzi weGreen, le mitha yongezelelekileyo ihambelana noxinaniso olukhulu lwamazwe.
Kwi-waveguide ye-dielectric, sinokubamba kwaye siqondise ukukhanya ngokusebenzisa ukubonakaliswa kwangaphakathi okupheleleyo. Imitha yokukhanya ebomvu ibonakalisa isalathiso esiphakamileyo sendawo ephezulu kunye nesezantsi.
Ngethuba nje i-slab igoba ngokuthe ngcembe, inokuqondiswa nangona ijika okanye igobe. Ukukhanya kukhokelwa kunye nombindi weglasi ephezulu kwisalathiso esisezantsi seglasi yokugquma ngokwalo mgaqo usisiseko kwifiber optics.
Ukusebenza kwe-Waveguide kuboniswa kuphela nge-ray optics. Ukufumana inkcazo epheleleyo yentsimi ye-dielectric waveguide, ii-equations zikaMaxwell zinokusombululwa ngokuhlalutya okanye ngokwamanani.
Umzekelo we-Optical waveguide
I-Dielectric slab waveguides, ekwabizwa ngokuba zii-planar waveguides, mhlawumbi lolona hlobo lusisiseko lwe-optical waveguides.
Izihluzi ze-acousto-optic, kunye neemodyuli zizixhobo ezimbalwa ezikwi-chip ezinokusebenzisa i-slab waveguides ngenxa yokulula kwazo.
Izikhokelo zamaza e-slab zikwasetyenziswa rhoqo njengeemodeli zokudlala.
Imigangatho emithathu yemathiriyeli, nganye ine-dielectric engaguqukiyo, idityanisiwe ukwenza i-slab waveguide, enokwandiswa ngokungenasiphelo kwizalathiso ezinxuseneyo nojongano phakathi kwazo.
Ukuba umaleko osembindini unesalathisi esiphezulu se-refractive kunamaleko angaphandle, ukukhanya kuqulethwe kuluhlu oluphakathi ngokubonakaliswa kwangaphakathi ngokupheleleyo.
Eminye imizekelo ye-2-Dimensional waveguide
Uluhlu lwamaza
Ngokusisiseko, umcu womaleko ocudiswayo phakathi kweeleya ezigqunyiweyo yeyona nto yenza i-strip waveguide.
Umaleko wesikhokhelo se-slab waveguide uthintelwe kuzo zozibini izikhombisi-ndlela ezinqamlezayo kunendlela enye, okukhokelela kowona mzekelo ulula wesikhokelo samaza soxande. Zombini iisekethe zamehlo ezidityanisiweyo kunye ne-laser diode zisebenzisa amaza oxande.
Zihlala zisebenza njengesiseko sezinto ezibonakalayo ezifana ne-Mach-Zehnder interferometers kunye ne-wavelength division multiplexers. Amaxesha amaninzi, i-rectangular optical waveguides isetyenziselwa ukwakha imingxuma yee-laser diode.
Ubuchwephesha obucwangcisiweyo buqhele ukusetyenziswa ukwenza isikhokelo samaza esibonakalayo esinemilo yoxande.
Umbambo waveguide
Kwi-waveguide yembambo, umaleko okhokelayo ngokuyimfuneko yi-slab ene-strip (okanye imicu emininzi) egqunywe ngaphezulu kwayo.
Kwizakhiwo zeembambo ezinomaleko amaninzi, ukuvalelwa kufutshane nobunye kunokwenzeka kunye nokuvalelwa kwamaza kwimilinganiselo emibini kwiimbambo zamaza.
I-photonic crystal waveguide kunye ne-waveguide ecandiweyo
Ebudeni bendlela yabo yokusasaza, ii-optical waveguides zihlala zigcina icandelo elinqamlezayo. Le yimeko, umzekelo, kunye ne-strip kunye ne-rib waveguides.
Ngokusebenzisa okubizwa ngokuba ziindlela zeBloch, ii-waveguides zinokuba nokwahluka ngamaxesha athile kwicandelo lawo elinqamlezileyo kwaye kodwa zisasaze ukukhanya ngaphandle kwelahleko.
La maza amaza ahlelwa njenge-photonic crystal waveguides (ene-2D okanye i-3D ipateni) okanye ii-waveguides ezicandekileyo (kunye ne-1D ipatheni ecaleni kwendlela yokusasaza).
I-Laser-ibhalwe i-waveguide
Umzi-mveliso weefotonic kulapho ii-optical waveguides ziluncedo kakhulu. Ukudityaniswa phakathi kweetshiphu zombane kunye nemicu ye-optical yenziwa ukuba inokwenzeka ngokuseta amaza amaza kwindawo ye-3D.
Imowudi enye yokukhanya kwe-infrared kubude bamaza onxibelelwano lomnxeba inokusasazwa kusetyenziswa amaza amaza anjalo, nawo amiselwe ukuthwala imiqondiso yokubona phakathi kweendawo zongeniso kunye neziphumo ezinelahleko encinci kakhulu.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Optical waveguide
Kunxibelelwano lwe-microwave, usasazo, kunye neenkqubo ze-radar, i-waveguide ngumgca we-electromagnetic feed. I-waveguide yenziwe ngombhobho wesinyithi okanye ityhubhu enoxande okanye i-cylindrical.
Intsimi ye-electromagnetic isasazeka ngobude. Iimpondo kunye nee-eriyali zesitya zezona ziqhelekileyo izicelo ze-waveguide.
Ifayibha ye-Optical-ingaba sisisikhokelo?
Iyonke imbonakalo yangaphakathi, elawula indlela esebenza ngayo i-fiber optical, inokucingelwa njengokukhanya kwamaza.
Ukuba i-angle yezehlo inkulu kune-engile ebalulekileyo, ukubonakaliswa kwangaphakathi okupheleleyo kwenzeka xa i-wave eyandisayo idibana nomda phakathi kwezinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.
isiphelo
Ukuqukumbela, i-waveguide optical sisakhiwo "esikhokela" i-wave wave ngokuyinqanda ukuba ihambe ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunokuba ifunwa. Kwishishini lezonyango, iifiber zamehlo zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuxilongwa kunye nonyango.
Imisonto eguquguqukayo eyenziwe ngemicu yamehlo inokufakwa emiphungeni, kwimithambo yegazi nakwamanye amalungu. Ityhubhu enye ende igcina iinyanda ezimbini zefiber optic ngaphakathi kwe-endoscope, isixhobo sonyango.
Umfanekiso oneenkcukacha wenziwe ngokukhokelela ukukhanya kwithishu ephantsi kovavanyo kwinyanda enye ngelixa ufumana ukukhanya okubonakaliswa kuyo kwenye inyanda. Ii-endoscopes zinokwenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe amalungu athile omzimba okanye amalungu, njengamadolo.
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