Uguqulo lwe-AI luvule indlela yokufunyanwa kwindawo enomdla yobunjineli bebhayoloji, apho isayensi idibana nezinto ezintsha.
I-AI iye yaliguqula icandelo lokhathalelo lwempilo ngenxa yomthamo walo ongalinganiyo wokuhlalutya umthamo omkhulu wedatha kunye nokuchonga iipateni ezifihlakeleyo.
I-AI iye yaba yeyona nto iqhubayo emva kweminyaka emitsha yobunjineli bebhayoloji, ukusuka ekufumaneni izigulo ngokuchaneka okungenakuthelekiswa nanto ukuya kulwakhiwo lweeprosthesis ezisikwayo ezidibana ngokugqibeleleyo nomzimba womntu.
Ndijoyine njengoko sihlola ihlabathi elinomdla le-AI kunye yobunjineli bendalo, ukutyhila ubugcisa obuthile bokuyila, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, namandla okusindisa ubomi.
Lungiselela ukuthabatheka njengoko siqala kuhambo apho amandla omntu ahlala ngoxolo kunye namandla obulumko bokwenziwa.
Ke, makhe sibone ukuba yeyiphi eminye imizekelo yokudityaniswa kwe-AI kunye nobunjineli bebhayoloji.
IiRobhothi zokhathalelo lwempilo
I-AI ibalulekile kwicandelo leerobhothi zokhathalelo lwempilo kuba inika le mimangaliso yoomatshini amandla okubona, ukuvavanya, kunye nokulungelelanisa ngexesha lokwenyani.
Qwalasela intsimi yeerobhothi zotyando, apho iirobhothi ezikhokelwa yi-AI ziye zayiguqula indlela iinkqubo ezinzima ezenziwa ngayo.
Umzekelo ophawulekayo werobhothi ezincediswa yi-AI yi da Vinci Surgical System, okuvumela oogqirha ukuba benze iinkqubo ezincinci zokuchaneka ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokuchaneka.
Ngokudibanisa ulwazi logqirha wotyando kunye neentshukumo ezichanekileyo zomatshini kunye nemifanekiso ye-3D, utyando olunovakalelo olunjengotyando lwentliziyo kunye nokususwa kwethumba ngoku lunokugqityezelwa ngesantya esingenakulinganiswa kunye nokuncipha kwemingcipheko.
Nangona kunjalo, iirobhothi zezempilo azipheli kwitafile yokusebenza.
Iirobhothi zokubuyisela kwisimo sangaphambili, ezifana ne-EksoGT exoskeleton, zisetyenzisiwe kukubhadla okungeyonyani ukunceda abantu babuyisele kwimo yesiqhelo.
Ezi zixhobo ze-robotic exoskeletons, ezigqithwayo zizigulane ezinokuhamba okulinganiselweyo, zisebenzisa i-AI algorithms ukufunda iinjongo zokunyakaza kunye nokubonelela ngoncedo olufunekayo ukuhamba okanye ukwenza imisebenzi yokubuyisela.
Obu budlelwane be-symbiotic phakathi kwabantu kunye neerobhothi zizisa izinto ezinokwenzeka ngaphambili, zitshintsha imida yento ebesicinga ukuba inokwenzeka.
Ukusongwa kweeprotheyini
Umsebenzi omkhulu uhlala unzima kwizazinzulu kunye neenjineli kwindawo enomdla yobunjineli bebhayoloji: ukuqonda umdaniso obuthathaka ukusonga iprotheni.
Le ndlela isisiseko, apho iiproteni zenza ubume obumacala-ntathu, ibambe isitshixo sokutyhila iimfihlo zobomi kunye nokuguqula uphuhliso lwamayeza.
Ngokusungulwa kwe-Artificial Intelligence (AI), umlingani oqinileyo uye wavela, ulungele ukusombulula imfihlakalo yokugoqa iiprotheni ngokuchaneka okungenakulinganiswa kunye nesantya.
I-DeepMind's UAlFold ngumzekelo otshintshayo umdlalo wobuchule be-AI ekusongweni kweprotheyini.
I-AlphaFold isebenzisa ubuchule bokufunda obunzulu ukuqikelela ulwakhiwo lweprotheyini ngokuchaneka okumangalisayo, idibanisa imithamo emikhulu yedatha yeprotheyini enothungelwano lwe-neural olunamandla.
I-AlphaFold yoyise owona mqobo unzima kwibhayoloji yemolekyuli ngokusebenzisa amandla e-AI, inika izazinzulu ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nokusebenza kweproteni kunye nokuziphatha.
I-Epidemiological Data Inference
Umthamo wokuqokelela kunye nokuhlalutya umthamo omkhulu wedatha ubalulekile ekuqondeni nasekulawuleni usulelo lwezifo kwicandelo lobunjineli bebhayoloji.
Ngenisa i-epidemiological data inference, isifundo apho amandla e-AI adibanisa kunye nobunjineli bebhayoloji, ukuguqula amandla ethu okubikezela kunye nokulawula indlela yobhubhane.
Iingcali ze-Epidemiologists ngoku zinokukhupha ulwazi oluxabisekileyo kwiiseti zedatha ezinkulu zisebenzisa i-algorithms yekhompyuter yanamhlanje kunye neendlela zokufunda ngoomatshini, zityhila iipateni kunye nokutshintsha kwezifo ezosulelayo ngokuchaneka okumangalisayo.
I-AI ibalulekile kwi-epidemiological data inference kuba ivumela abaphandi ukuba baphonononge iiseti zedatha enkulu kwaye bachonge ulungelelwaniso olufihlakeleyo phakathi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo ezinegalelo ekusasazeni izifo.
Le nhlanganisela ye-AI kunye nobunjineli be-biomedical yenza ukuba kubonwe iipateni ezibalulekileyo kunye nemingcipheko echaphazela ukusasazeka kwezifo, ukuncedisa ekuqulunqweni kobuchule bokungenelela obufanelekileyo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yempilo yoluntu.
Abaphandi banokusebenzisa ii-algorithms eziqhutywa yi-AI ukuba bangalandeli nje kuphela ukuvela kobhubhane ngexesha lokwenyani kodwa balindele ukuqhambuka kwekamva elizayo, bevumela iintshukumo zakwangoko nezisebenzayo zokuthintela.
IiNkqubo zeeNgcali zokuCebisa iiNgcali zezeMpilo
Kwinkalo yokhathalelo lwempilo, apho izigqibo zineziphumo ezide, uncedo olufanelekileyo, kunye neengcebiso ezichanekileyo zibalulekile.
Iinkqubo zeengcali ze-AI zingena kumfanekiso apha, ziguqula indlela abasebenzi bezempilo abatyhubela iingxaki ezinzima zonyango.
Ezi teknoloji ziye zaba ngabadibanisi ababalulekileyo ngokuxhamla amandla Kukubhadla okungeyonyani (AI), ukuhambisa iingcebiso ezisekelwe kubungqina, kunye nokuphucula amava abasebenzi bezempilo.
IBM Watson yeOncology ngumzekelo odumileyo wenkqubo yeNgcali ye-AI.
Le nkqubo ye-AI-powered ihlalutya umthamo omkhulu woncwadi lwezonyango, ulwazi lwesigulana, kunye nezindululo zonyango ukunika izigulane ezinomhlaza ngolunye unyango olulodwa.
I-Watson ye-Oncology inikezela ngee-oncologists ukuqonda okupheleleyo ngokudibanisa kunye nokwetyisa imithombo emininzi yedatha, ebavumela ukuba benze izigqibo ezifundiswayo ezifanelekileyo kwiimeko ezithile zesigulana ngasinye.
Le ntsebenziswano ingaqhelekanga yobuchule bomntu kunye nobukrelekrele be-AI ibonelela abasebenzi bezempilo ngoncediso olongezelelweyo, ekugqibeleni olukhokelela kwiziphumo ezingcono zesigulana.
I-Brain-Computer Interface kunye ne-Neuroprosthetics
Ujongano lweKhompyutha yeBrain (BCI) kunye neNeuroprosthetics ziinkalo zokuyila ezivala umsantsa phakathi kwengqondo nomatshini ekudibaneni kweendlela ze-AI kunye nobunjineli bebhayoloji.
Obu bugcisa bomhlaba buvala umsantsa phakathi kwengqondo yomntu kunye nezixhobo zangaphandle, zivula amathuba amatsha kwabo banokukhubazeka kunye nezigulo ze-neurological.
Iinkqubo ze-BCI kunye ne-neuroprosthetics zisebenzisa i-algorithms ye-AI ukwenza uxhulumaniso oluthe ngqo phakathi kwengqondo kunye nezixhobo zangaphandle, ukubuyisela ukusebenza kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.
Iinkqubo ze-BCI, eziqhutywa yi-AI, zenza abantu bakwazi ukulawula izixhobo okanye ukunxibelelana neekhomputha ngokuthe ngqo ngeengcinga zabo.
Ii-algorithms eziphucukileyo zisetyenziswa kwezi nkqubo ukuhlalutya imiqondiso ye-neural eqokelelwe kwingqondo kwaye iguqulwe ibe yimiyalelo enokwenziwa zizixhobo zangaphandle.
Kwinkalo yetekhnoloji yokuncedisa, umzekelo, ii-BCI eziqhutywa yi-AI ziye zavumela abantu abakhubazekileyo ukuba baphinde baphinde bahambe ngokulawula amalungu e-robotic okanye i-exoskeletons ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi wabo we-cerebral.
Itekhnoloji ye-BCI ibonelela ngokuzimela kunye nokuzimela okungazange kubonwe ngaphambili kubantu abanezithintelo zomzimba ngokucacisa ulwimi olutyebileyo lwengqondo.
Olunye usetyenziso olunomdla lwe-AI kubunjineli be-biomedical yi-neuroprosthetics, equka ukuphuhliswa kwezixhobo ezifakelwayo ezidibanisa ne-nervous system.
Ezi zixhobo, ezihlala ziqhutywa zii-algorithms ze-AI, zinokuvuselela ngokuthe ngqo ingqondo okanye imithambo-luvo ye-peripheral ukuze iphinde ifumane imisebenzi elahlekileyo yokuziva okanye yeemoto.
Ukufakelwa kwe-Cochlear, umzekelo, sebenzisa i-algorithms eqhutywa yi-AI ukuguqulela igalelo lesandi kwiimpembelelo zombane ezivuselela i-nerve yokuva, evumela abo banendlebe yokuva ukuba bave isandi.
Ngokufanayo, amalungu eprosthetic aqhutywa yi-AI anokulawulwa ngokuthe ngqo ngeempembelelo zobuchopho ezivela kumsebenzisi, ukunika indawo efana nobomi kunye ne-intuitive endaweni yamalungu alahlekileyo.
Uhlalutyo lweMifanekiso yeBiomedical
Ukutolikwa kwemifanekiso yezonyango kubalulekile ekuxilongweni, ekucwangcisweni kwonyango, kunye nophando kwicandelo elinomdla lobunjineli be-biomedical.
Uhlalutyo lweMifanekiso ye-Biomedical, uqeqesho oluguquguqukayo olusebenzisa i-algorithms ephezulu kunye ne-Artificial Intelligence (AI), itshintsha indlela imifanekiso yonyango eyenziwa ngayo kwaye isetyenziswe.
Abaphandi kunye nabasebenzi bezempilo banokufumana ulwazi olubalulekileyo kwizakhiwo ezinzima ze-anatomical kunye neenkqubo zesifo ngokukhupha iimpawu ezichanekileyo kunye neepatheni kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokucinga ezifana ne-MRI, i-CT scans, kunye ne-microscopes.
Uhlalutyo lwemifanekiso ye-Biomedical luzuze ukuphakama okungenakulinganiswa ngenxa yenkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kwi-AI.
Modern i-algorithms kunye nokufunda okunzulu iindlela zivumela ukuchongwa okuzenzekelayo, ukwahlula, kunye nokuhlelwa kweempawu ze-anatomical, izilonda, kunye ne-anomalies kwimifanekiso yezonyango.
Ezi zisombululo ze-AI ziphucula ukuchaneka kokuxilongwa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, ukuncedisa oogqirha ekwenzeni izigqibo ezinolwazi kunye nokuphucula ukunakekelwa kwesigulane.
Ngaphezu koko, uhlalutyo lwemifanekiso ye-biomedical lubalulekile kuphando lwezonyango kuba luvumela uhlalutyo lobungakanani kunye nokulandelwa kwenkqubela yesifo, okuvumela ukudalwa kweendlela ezintsha zonyango kunye nokubeka iliso kwiziphumo zonyango.
I-Directed Evolution
I-Directed Evolution ivela njengesixhobo esomeleleyo kwindawo yobunjineli be-biomedical, apho ubuchule kunye neempumelelo zesayensi zidibanisa, kunye namandla okuguqula indawo yophando lwezonyango kunye nokufunyanwa kweyeza.
I-Directed Evolution isebenzisa imigaqo kaDarwin yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, inyuswe ngamandla e-Artificial Intelligence (AI), ukwakha iiprotheni ezineempawu eziphuculweyo kunye nokusebenza okuyingqayizivele.
I-Directed Evolution, ngokudibanisa amandla okudala e-AI algorithms kunye nobuchwephesha bebhayoloji bokuzivelela, ivula umnyango kwihlabathi elalingacingelwa ngaphambili lamayeza alungelelanisiweyo, i-biomaterials, kunye nee-enzymes.
I-AI ibalulekile ekwalathiseni nasekukhawuleziseni inkqubo ye-Directed Evolution.
I-AI inokuphonononga ngobukrelekrele indawo enkulu yolandelelwano ngokusebenzisa iimodeli zokubala kunye umatshini wokufunda iialgorithms ukuqikelela impembelelo yotshintsho kunye nokukhokela ukhetho lwezahluko ezineempawu ezinqwenelekayo.
Oku kusetyenziswa kwe-AI kwi-Directed Evolution ivumela abaphandi ukuba baphande ngokucwangcisekileyo ulungelelwaniso lwesakhiwo seprotein, bafumane ulandelelwano olulolona lufanelekileyo, kunye neempawu zeprotheyini ezilungelelanisiweyo ukuze zilungele iimfuno ezithile zonyango.
Ukudityaniswa kwe-AI kunye ne-Directed Evolution inesithembiso esikhulu sokuvelisa ii-enzymes ezintsha zokuvelisa iziyobisi, ukuphucula unyango lwe-antibody, kunye nokudala ii-biomaterials ezineempawu ezithile, ezinokuthi zitshintshe indawo yobunjineli be-biomedical.
Uhlalutyo lokulandelelana
Umthamo omkhulu wedatha yolandelelwano eyenziwe kuphando lwebhayoloji ibonakalise ukuba luncedo kwiinkqubo ze-AI.
Iimodeli ezifihliweyo zeMarkov kunye neenethiwekhi ezinzulu ze-neural, umzekelo, ziyakwazi ukuphatha kwaye zihlalutye ulwazi lwezofuzo ezinkulu kunye nokusebenza okungenakulinganiswa.
Uhlalutyo lokulandelelana oluqhutywa yi-AI kwiyeza le-genomic lwenza ukuba kubonwe utshintsho lwemfuza oludityaniswe nezifo, ukuncedisa ekuxilongweni kwesigulane kunye nonyango lomntu ngamnye.
Ngapha koko, ii-algorithms ze-AI-powered algorithms zinokulindela izakhiwo zeprotheyini kunye nemisebenzi esekwe kulandelelwano lwe-amino acid, ebonelela ngemibono ebalulekileyo malunga nokubandakanyeka kwabo kwimpilo kunye nokugula.
Ngaphaya koko, iindlela zobuntlola ezenziweyo ziye zayikhawulezisa inkqubo yolandelelwano nothelekiso, nto leyo evumela abaphandi ukuba bachonge amakhonkco endaleko kunye nemimandla egciniweyo kuzo zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana.
Le ndlela yokuthelekisa i-genomics inceda kuphononongo lweengxaki zemfuzo kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokuziqhelanisa.
Ngaphaya koko, uHlalutyo oluqhutywa ngolandelelwano oluqhutywa yi-AI luncede ekudalweni kweemodeli zekhompyuter zokufumana ichiza kunye noyilo, livumela ukuchongwa kwezinto ekujoliswe kuzo ngamachiza kunye nokuqikelelwa konxibelelwano lwamachiza kunye neemolekyuli ekujoliswe kuzo.
isiphelo
I-AI ayizukukhulisa amandla omntu kuphela kwixesha elizayo, kodwa iya kwandisa ulwazi lwethu oluhlangeneyo nokuqonda ubunzima bobomi.
Singalindela inkqubela phambili ekufumaneni amachiza enkosi ngamandla e-AI okudibanisa ulwazi oluninzi kunye nokutyhila ekujoliswe kuko kunye neekhompawundi.
Ukudityaniswa kwe-AI kunye nobunjineli be-biomedical kuya kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kovavanyo lwekliniki, kuphelise iimpazamo zokuxilonga, kwaye kuveze ukuba nokwenzeka kweyeza elilungiselelweyo, livumela unyango ukuba lulungelelaniswe ngokwendlela yofuzo yesigulane ngasinye.
Njengoko uhambo oluya kwikamva le-AI kunye nobunjineli bebhayoloji luqhubela phambili, izinto ezinokwenzeka azipheli.
Itekhnoloji ephuculweyo kunye nezenzo ziya kuguqula ukhathalelo lwempilo, ziphucule iziphumo zezigulane, kwaye ziphucule impilo-ntle yethu ngokubanzi njengenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji.
Ubunjineli beBiomedical buya kusiqhubela kwikamva apho iimfihlakalo zobomi zityhilwa khona, izigulo zoyisiwe, kwaye uluntu lumi kumjikelo wophuculo olukhulu kukhathalelo lwempilo ngokusebenzisa amandla oguqulo e-AI.
Shiya iMpendulo