Okuqukethwe[Fihla][Bonisa]
Uma ufuna ukuthuthuka ngokwengeziwe emsebenzini wakho njengonjiniyela wesoftware, kufanele ubambe ukwakheka kwesistimu. Kungumqondo omuhle ukuqala ukufunda ukuklama kwesistimu ngisho noma usaqala ngokubhala amakhodi.
Uzohlolwa kakhulu kumakhono akho okubhala amakhodi ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakho. Sizobheka imiqondo yokwakheka kwesistimu, kungani kufanele ukufunde, imisebenzi eyinhloko eyenziwa kuyo yonke inqubo yokuklama isistimu, liyini isu lokuklama isistimu, nokunye okuningi kulokhu okuthunyelwe.
Ake siqale.
Kuyini ukuklama kwesistimu?
Inqubo yokuchaza izici zesistimu, njengezakhiwo zayo, amamojula, nezingxenye, kanye nezindawo zazo zokusebenzelana ezihlukahlukene kanye nedatha egeleza kuyo, yaziwa ngokuthi idizayini yesistimu.
Idizayinelwe ukuhlangabezana nezinjongo nezidingo ezithile zenkampani noma zenhlangano ngokudala isistimu enengqondo nephumelelayo. Imibono yedizayini efanele kanye nezindlela zinikeza imephu yomgwaqo yokubhekana nobunzima bohlelo kanye nokulinganisa.
Osomaqhinga bokuklama isistimu nonjiniyela be-software asebemnkantshubomvu banikezwe umsebenzi wokwenza le plan ngesiqondiso esifanele.
Kuningi mayelana nokuhlaziywa kwezinhlelo, amaphethini ezakhiwo, ama-API, amaphethini edizayini, nokuhlanganisa konke ndawonye kunokuba kumayelana nokufakwa kwekhodi. Ngenxa yokuthi uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lungathwala umthwalo wezakhiwo, ukuklama isistimu yakho ngendlela efanele izidingo zohlelo lwakho lokusebenza kungaqeda izindleko ezingadingekile nemizamo yokuyilungisa, futhi kunikeze ulwazi olungcono kubasebenzisi bakho bokugcina.
Yimaphi amasu amabili ayisisekelo okwakhiwa kwesistimu?
Isu elihle kakhulu lokuklama isistimu lihlala linqunywa izidingo zesistimu. Amaqhinga esistimu amahle ayashintsha kuye ngokuthi ngabe usebenza namasistimu akhona noma uqala ekuqaleni.
Ngaphandle kwendlela eyingxubevange, ehlanganisa la maqhinga amabili, kunamasu amabili amakhulu okwakhiwa kwesistimu. Ake sibheke lezi zindlela ezimbili zokuklama isistimu.
1. Isu eliphansi phezulu
Amasistimu angaphansi kanye nezingxenye zezinga eliphansi (ngisho nezingxenye ezincane) kwakhiwa kuqala kule nqubo yokuklama isistimu. Amasistimu angaphansi anezinga eliphezulu kanye nezingxenye ezinkulu angathuthukiswa kalula nangempumelelo uma lezi zingxenye ziklanywe kusengaphambili. Lokhu konga isikhathi ekuboneni kabusha nasekuxazululeni izinkinga.
Inqubo yokuhlanganisa izingxenye ezisezingeni eliphansi zibe amasethi amakhulu iyaphindwa kuze kube yilapho lonke uhlelo lwenziwa ingxenye eyodwa. Le ndlela futhi yenza izixazululo ezijwayelekile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinga eliphansi kusetshenziswe kabusha. Lapho izinga lokukhipha kulindeleke ukuba libe phezulu, le ndlela ilungile.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi le ndlela ayihlanganisiwe nesakhiwo sezinkinga, izixazululo ezisezingeni eliphezulu kunzima ukuthuthukisa nazo. Ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokuzikhipha, kuyenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa imisebenzi engadingekile okuyiyona ephumelela kakhulu.
2. Isu lokuya phezulu
Lesi sitayela sokuklama sibeka phambili ukwehlukanisa isistimu ibe amasistimu angaphansi kanye nezingxenye. Kunokuba kwakhiwe kusuka phansi kuya phezulu, njengasendleleni eya phansi kuya phezulu, isu lokuya phezulu liqale licabange yonke isistimu ngaphambi kokuyihlephula ibe amasistimu angaphansi.
Lawa masistimu angaphansi abe esedalwa futhi ahlukaniselwe amasistimu angaphansi amancane namasethi ezingxenye ezifeza izidingo zesistimu enkulu. Esikhundleni sokuphatha lezi zinhlelo ezingaphansi njengezinto ezihlukene, le ndlela iphatha lonke uhlelo njengento eyodwa.
Amasistimu angaphansi athathwa njengamabhizinisi azimele lapho isistimu iqanjwa futhi ihlukaniswa ngokuya nezici zayo. Izingxenye zibe sezihlelwa ngohlaka lwesigaba kuze kube yilapho kwakhiwa izinga eliphansi kakhulu lesistimu. Le ndlela ichazwe kahle futhi ayikukhuthazi ukukhipha.
Indlela yokuya phansi ijwayelekile yekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu njengoba inqubo yokuklama iqhubeka nokuchaza amasistimu angaphansi kanye nezingxenye njengoba zilingana nesistimu, okuholela kusistimu esebenza kahle kakhulu, ephendulayo, nephumelelayo.
Izixazululo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, azizona ezejwayelekile futhi azikwazi ukusetshenziswa kabanzi. Lezi zinhlelo nazo zinemiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuzigcina.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amasu okuklama okuxubile, ahlanganisa izici zekhwalithi ephezulu zendlela yokusuka phansi iye phezulu nokusebenziseka kabusha kwendlela ephansi iye phezulu kanye nezakhiwo ezihleleke kahle. Ngenxa yalokho, amasistimu amaningi, ayindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuklama uhlelo.
Imaphi amasethi angaphansi ahlukahlukene edizayini yesistimu?
Ama-subsets womklamo wesistimu ami kanje:
1. Idizayini Enengqondo
Kuwukufinyezwa kokugeleza kwedatha yesistimu, okokufaka, nokuphumayo. Ichaza imithombo, izindawo, izinqolobane zedatha, nokugeleza kwedatha ngendlela ehlangabezana nezimfuneko zomsebenzisi. Idizayini enengqondo yesistimu idalwe kunemininingwane ethile engqondweni echaza ngokucacile ukuthi ulwazi lungena luphume kanjani ohlelweni. I-ER kanye nemidwebo yokugeleza kwedatha kuyasetshenziswa.
2. I-Physical Design
Idizayini ebonakalayo ixhunyaniswe nezinqubo zangempela zokufakwayo nokukhiphayo zesistimu. Imigomo eyinhloko yedizayini ebonakalayo ukulawula ukuthi idatha ihlolwa, icutshungulwe, futhi iboniswe kanjani njengomphumela. Igxile kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwesixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi, ukwakheka kwenqubo, kanye nokwakhiwa kwedatha.
3. Idizayini yokwakha
Kwaziwa nangokuthi izinga eliphezulu ledizayini njengoba igcizelela ukwakheka kwesistimu. Ixoxa ngemvelo yesistimu kanye nemvelaphi.
4. Idizayini enemininingwane
Isekelwe ku-Architectural Design futhi igcizelela ukukhula kwesifundo ngasinye.
Yimiphi imisebenzi emikhulu eyenziwa phakathi nenqubo yokuklama isistimu?
1. Dala incazelo yokuklama
- Hlela futhi uhlonze ubuchwepheshe obuzosetshenziswa ukwakha nokusebenzisa izingxenye zesistimu nokuhlangana okubonakalayo.
- Nquma ukuthi ibuphi ubuchwepheshe nezingxenye zesistimu ezisengozini yokuphelelwa yisikhathi noma ukuguquka kwesimo sonke sokusebenza kwesistimu. Yenza amalungiselelo okushintshwa kwazo ekugcineni.
- Bhala indlela yencazelo yedizayini, okuhlanganisa noma imaphi amasistimu avumelayo, izimpahla, noma amasevisi adingekayo ukuze kuqedelwe umklamo.
2. Nquma izici zokuklama
- Chaza inqubo yokuklama ehlobene nezici zezakhiwo futhi uqiniseke ukuthi zingasetshenziswa.
- Chaza noma yikuphi ukuxhumana okungazange kusungulwe phakathi nesigaba se-System Architecture noma okudingeka kuchazwe njengoba imininingwane yokuklama ichazwa kabanzi.
- Chaza futhi urekhode izici zesakhiwo se-elementi yesistimu ngayinye.
3. Cabangela izinketho zakho zokuthola izingxenye
- Hlola ezinye izindlela zokuklama kwakho.
- Khetha izinketho ezingcono kakhulu.
- Uma kunqunywa ukuthi kuthuthukiswe ingxenye yesistimu, yonke incazelo yedizayini kanye nezinqubo zokuqalisa izosetshenziswa. Uma into yesistimu izothengwa noma iphinde isetshenziswe, indlela yokutholwa ingase isetshenziswe ukuze uyithole.
4. Hlela umklamo
- Thwebula futhi ulandelele ukucabanga ngemuva kwazo zonke izinqumo zedizayini nezakhiwo.
- Linganisa futhi ulondoloze ukulawula ukuqhubeka kwezibaluli zomklamo.
Kungani kufanele ufunde ukwakheka kwesistimu?
Kube khona impumelelo eminingana ngezinga elikhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu phakathi neminyaka engamashumi amabili edlule. Lezi zinto ezintsha ziguqule umbono wethu ngokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe.
I-Facebook, Instagram, ne-Twitter, phakathi kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza nezinsizakalo esizisebenzisa nsuku zonke, zonke zingamasistimu angaka. Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zinhlelo zisetshenziswa izigidigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele zakhelwe ukulawula umthamo omkhulu wethrafikhi nedatha. Idizayini yesistimu iqala ukusebenza lapha.
Uzodingeka ukuthi uqonde imibono yokuklama isistimu nokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani njengonjiniyela wesofthiwe. Idizayini yesistimu yokufunda ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakho ingakusiza ukuthi ubhekane nobunzima bokuklama isofthiwe ngokuzethemba okwengeziwe futhi usebenzise imibono yokuklama emsebenzini wakho wansuku zonke.
Idizayini yesistimu izoba ingxenye enkulu yenqubo yakho yenhlolokhono njengoba uthuthukela emsebenzini wakho futhi uqala ukuxoxisana ngezindima ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki izinga lakho lekhono, ukwakheka kwesistimu kubalulekile.
Izinzuzo zokuklama isistimu
- Isheshisa inqubo.
- Yehlisa intengo yokuklama.
- Ukungahambisani kuyaqedwa.
- Inezinsiza eziningana.
- Kwenza impilo yekhasimende ibe lula futhi ibe lula.
Isiphetho
Lokhu kunenzuzo yokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yenkampani kuyilapho kukhulisa inzuzo.
Uhlelo olusebenzayo luhlinzeka ngokulawula ikhwalithi ephezulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza ngenxa yokucubungula umkhiqizo kanye nedatha. Kuyisidingo kunoma iyiphi imboni noma umkhakha.
shiya impendulo