Okuqukethwe[Fihla][Bonisa]
Lonke ithimba lokuthuthukisa iwebhu lenza isethi yokuhlola emikhiqizweni yalo, nokho isisombululo sewebhu esinikezwa kamuva sinamaphutha.
Ngisho nokuhlola okwenziwa ngesandla okuhle kakhulu, amaphutha angena futhi aphinde avele, ngaphandle kwemizamo yeqembu le-QA yokuwabamba ngaphambi kokukhishwa kokuqala.
Uma kuziwa ekwandiseni ukusebenza kahle kanye nobubanzi bokuhlolwa kwesofthiwe yakho, ukuhlola iwebhu okuzenzakalelayo kuyisinqumo sakho esingcono kakhulu.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-inthanethi, i-Python ulimi lohlelo inikeza uhlaka lwamarobhothi olungasebenzisa imitapo yolwazi yangaphandle njenge-selenium.
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, sizodlula emacaleni okuhlola neminye imibandela exhunywe kuhlaka lwerobhothi lePython.
Luyini uhlaka lwamarobhothi?
I-Robot Framework kuwuhlaka olushintshashintshayo lwe-open-source generic automation olubhalwe nge-Python olusetshenziselwa ukuhlola isofthiwe okuzenzakalelayo, inqubo ye-robotic automation, ukuhlolwa kokwamukela, kanye nentuthuko eqhutshwa ukuhlolwa kokwamukela.
Ngamagama alula, kuwuhlaka lokuhlola oluzenzakalelayo olususelwa kugama elingukhiye olususelwa ku-Python.
Ivumela abahloli ukuthi bazenzele futhi bagcine imibhalo yenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ngendlela efanele. Uhlaka lungasetshenziswa ukuhlola izixhumi ezibonakalayo zomsebenzisi nezindawo zokuhlela izinhlelo zokusebenza.
Ivumela onjiniyela bokuhlola ukuthi basebenzise i-Selenium ngaphezu kokunye ukuhlanganiswa okuningi. I-Selenium iyithuluzi elisezingeni lomkhakha lokuzenzakalela ukuziphatha komsebenzisi kanye nokusebenzelana kwesiphequluli sewebhu okusekelwe kumsebenzisi kunoma iyiphi iwebhusayithi.
Kuyini ukuhlolwa kokwamukela?
Kuyindlela yokunquma umthamo wesistimu. Umgomo wokuhlolwa kokwamukelwa ukuhlola amakhono esistimu maqondana nezidingo zebhizinisi.
Iyini i-robotic process automation?
I-RPA, noma i-robotic process automation, iyindlela yokunciphisa ukusebenza kwabantu ngokusebenzisa isoftware ehlanganisa ukufunda imishini kanye namakhono e-AI. I-RPA isetshenziselwa ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo izinga eliphezulu, izinqubo eziphindaphindayo.
Iyini intuthuko eqhutshwa ukuhlolwa kokwamukelwa?
Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhutshwa ukuhlolwa kokwamukela, okuvame ukwaziwa nge-ATDD, kuyindlela yokuthuthukisa encike ekuxhumaneni phakathi kwamakhasimende ebhizinisi, abathuthukisi, nabahloli. Bahlanganyela futhi benze ukuhlolwa kokwamukela ngaphambi kokukhipha isici.
Uhlaka lwamarobhothi - Isakhiwo sezinga eliphezulu
I-Robot Framework wuhlaka oluwuhlelo lokusebenza kanye nobuchwepheshe obungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu. Izakhiwo zayo ziyi-modular kakhulu, njengoba kubonakala esithombeni esingezansi.
Idatha yokuhlola yethulwa ngefomethi yethebula elula, ehlelekayo. I-Robot Framework ihlaziya idatha, yenza izimo zokuhlola, futhi idale amalogi nemibiko lapho iqaliswa.
Uhlaka oluyinhloko alunalo ulwazi lwethagethi ngaphansi kokuhlolwa, futhi imitapo yolwazi ilawula konke ukusebenzisana nayo. Amalabhulali angasebenzisa amathuluzi okuhlola asezingeni eliphansi njengabashayeli noma asebenzise ngokuqondile izixhumanisi zohlelo lokusebenza.
Izici
- Isiza ukuhlola okushayelwa yidatha ngokuvumela i-Test Automation kwehlukahlukene izinhlobo zedatha.
- Igwema ukusebenzisa amanani abalulekile ekhodi futhi esikhundleni salokho isebenzisa isu lokuhlola eliqhutshwa ukuziphatha.
- Ingasebenza namalabhulali nemisebenzi evela ezinkampanini zangaphandle.
- Amagama angukhiye (achazwe ngaphambilini noma achazwe umsebenzisi) asetshenziswa ngesitayela sethebula ukubhala izimo zokuhlola.
- Abasebenzisi bangakha amagama angukhiye.
- Okuguquguqukayo kuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa.
- Uhlaka lusebenzisa indlela eqhutshwa ngamagama angukhiye, lapho imibhalo ibhalwa khona kusetshenziswa amagama amancane, aqondakala kalula (okungaba achazwe ngaphambilini noma achazwe umsebenzisi).
- Ngemuva kokwakhiwa ngakunye, kubika,
- futhi kwakhiwa izingodo.
- Ikhiqiza imibiko ephelele kanye namalogi wesimo sokwenza iskripthi, esiwusizo kakhulu esimweni lapho umbhalo wehluleka.
Isifundo sohlaka lwerobhothi
Ake singene ngaphakathi.
1. Ukufakwa kohlaka lwerobhothi
Iphakheji yepayipi iphakanyiselwe ukufaka uhlaka lwamarobhothi kuPython. Ukufaka uhlaka, sebenzisa umyalo olandelayo.
Kufanele ukwazi ukubuka kokubili izinguqulo zohlaka lomhumushi kanye nerobhothi ngemva kokufaka ngempumelelo usebenzisa inketho ye--version.
2. Imitapo yolwazi
- I-Builtin - Lona umtapo wezincwadi ojwayelekile oqukethe isethi yamagama angukhiye asetshenziswa ngokuvamile angeniswa ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi atholakala ngaso sonke isikhathi.
- Ukuqoqwa - Kuhlinzeka ngesethi yamagama angukhiye okusebenza ngohlu lwePython nezichazamazwi. Amagama angukhiye omtapo wolwazi angasetshenziswa ukushintsha nokudala amanani ohlwini nezichazamazwi.
- Izingxoxo - Umtapo wolwazi ojwayelekile wokumisa ukusebenza nokuthatha impendulo yomsebenzisi. Kuye ngokuthi ingabe ukuhlola kuyasebenza yini, izingxoxo azihambisani kancane.
- I-DateTime ikuvumela ukuthi ukhiqize futhi uguqule imininingwane yedethi nesikhathi.
- Isistimu Yokusebenza - Ivumela uhlaka lwamarobhothi ukuthi lwenze imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ehlobene nesistimu yokusebenza ohlelweni ngenkathi lusebenza. Ingakwazi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukwenza imiyalelo futhi ikhiqize futhi iguqule idatha ngokuqondile.
- Inqubo - Lo mtapo wezincwadi usetshenziselwa ukuqhuba izinqubo usebenzisa ama-submodule e-Python kanye nekilasi elivulekile. Igama elingukhiye lenqubo yokugijima lisetshenziselwa ukulinda inqubo esebenzayo kusistimu bese uyihlanganisa.
- I-XML iphinde ibe umtapo wolwazi osetshenziswa uhlaka lwamarobhothi ukuze kuqinisekiswe futhi kulungiswe amadokhumenti e-XML.
- Iyunithi yezinhlamvu iyiphakheji yokukhohlisa nokuqinisekisa iyunithi yezinhlamvu.
- I-Telnet iyasebenza ekuvumela ukuthi uhlanganyele nge-telnet. Umtapo wezincwadi we-telnet ikuvumela ukuthi uxhume kuseva ye-telnet ngoxhumano oluvamile lwe-TCP/IP futhi wenze imiyalo.
3. Amathuluzi akhelwe ngaphakathi
Ohlakeni lwamarobhothi, kukhona amathuluzi amane akhelwe ngaphakathi asetshenziswayo:
- I-Rebot - Amathuluzi okudala izingodo nemibiko evela ekukhishweni kwe-XML nokuhlanganisa imiphumela eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa.
- I-Testdoc - Ngokusekelwe emacaleni okuhlola, i-Robot Framework idala imibhalo ye-HTML yezinga eliphezulu.
- I-Libdoc - Ijeneretha yemibhalo yegama elingukhiye yemitapo yolwazi namafayela wensiza.
- I-Tidy - I-Robot Framework Tools yokuhlanza nokuguqula amafayela wedatha abe yifomethi ehlukile.
4. Amacala okuhlola
Esikhundleni samakesi okuhlola azenzakalelayo, izimo zokuhlola kuhlaka lwerobhothi zingabhalwa ngesiNgisi esiyisisekelo. Ukuhlola okulandelayo kungasetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa izimo zokuhlola.
- Ukuhlolwa kokuhamba komsebenzi
- Izivivinyo zezinga eliphezulu
- Izivivinyo eziqhutshwa yidatha
Ukuhlolwa kokuhamba komsebenzi
Amakesi okuhlola ohlaka lwamarobhothi avame ukubhalwa nge-syntax yethebula. Ikholomu yokuqala yethebula lecala lokuhlola iqukethe amagama okuhlola, futhi icala lokuhlola liqala nganoma yini kukholomu futhi liphethe ngegama lecala elilandelayo noma isiphetho sethebula.
Ake sibheke isibonelo somhlaba wangempela ukuze siqonde ukuthi lokhu kusebenza kanjani.
- Umsebenzisi angakha i-akhawunti futhi angene.
- Umsebenzisi ngeke akwazi ukungena uma iphasiwedi ingalungile.
Izivivinyo eziphezulu
Ikholomu yesibili ngokuvamile ihlanganisa igama elingukhiye, ngaphandle kokusetha okuguquguqukayo okunamanani abhalwe igama elingukhiye.
Amakesi okuhlola ohlaka lwamarobhothi angakhiwa kusetshenziswa amagama angukhiye weleveli ephezulu futhi awekho amapharamitha wokuma. Ukuze uqonde ngokwengeziwe ukuhlola kwezinga eliphezulu, cabangela isibonelo esilandelayo.
Izivivinyo eziqhutshwa yidatha
Ukuhlola okuqhutshwa yidatha kuhlukanisa idatha yokuhlola esikhundleni sokulingisa izinqubo. Kuhlaka lwerobhothi, [isifanekiso] isilungiselelo sichaza ikesi lokuhlola lokuhlola okushayelwa yidatha.
5. Amagama agqamile
Ukwakha amacala okuhlola kuhlaka lwamarobhothi, amagama angukhiye avela emithonjeni emibili asetshenziswa.
- Amagama angukhiye Welabhulali
- Amagama angukhiye Womsebenzisi
Amagama angukhiye Welabhulali
Imitapo yolwazi ejwayelekile ichaza wonke amagama asezingeni eliphansi, angahle asetshenziswe kusetshenziswa izilimi zekhompyutha njenge I-Python ne-Java.
Amalabhulali ajwayelekile, angaphandle, nangokwezifiso aphakathi kwemitapo yolwazi yokuhlola etholakala ngohlaka lwamarobhothi. Uhlaka oluyisisekelo luhlanganisa eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, isithombe-skrini, i-OS, namanye amalabhulali ajwayelekile.
Amagama angukhiye Womsebenzisi
Amandla okukhiqiza amagama angukhiye ahlukile wezinga eliphezulu emishwaneni ekhona ingenye yezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zomklamo wamarobhothi. Ukuze siqhubeke siqonde ukuthi isebenza kanjani, ake sibheke isibonelo.
6. Okuguqukayo
Okuguquguqukayo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yawo wonke amacala okuhlola kuhlaka lwamarobhothi. Okuguquguqukayo kuyindlela enhle kakhulu yokucacisa noma iyiphi idatha esimweni sokuhlola esingase sishintshe noma sishintshe.
Ake sibheke indlela yokuchaza okuguquguqukayo esimweni sokuhlola.
Icacisa Okuguquguqukayo
Ngaphandle kokuguquguqukayo okuchazwe umsebenzisi, uhlaka lwerobhothi lunezinto ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ezifana ne-$TEMPDIR kanye ne-$/, esiyisebenzise esibonelweni sangaphambilini.
Ukusebenzisa Okuguquguqukayo
Okuguquguqukayo kungasetshenziswa noma yikuphi esimweni sokuhlola.
Kodwa-ke, asetshenziswa kakhulu njengezingxabano zamagama angukhiye. Cabangela isibonelo esilandelayo ukuze ubonise lokho engikushoyo.
7. Ukuhlela amacala okuhlolwa
Amafayela ezikesi zokuhlola asetshenziselwa ukwakha amakesi okuhlola amarobhothi, kodwa angaphinda aqoqwe abe uhla lwemibhalo ukuze kwakhiwe i-test suite hierarchy. I-test suite iqoqo lamacala okuhlola. I-test suite inawo wonke amafayela aqukethe amacala okuhlola.
Ngokusebenzisa uhla lwemibhalo, amacala okuhlola angahlelwa ngokwezikhundla; zonke lezi zinkomba zihlinzeka ngamasudi okuhlola asezingeni eliphezulu anamagama asuselwa kumagama ohla lwemibhalo.
Ukusebenzisa i-Setups kanye ne-Teardowns
Izinketho zethebula lezilungiselelo elithi “Ukusethwa Kokuhlola” kanye “Nezinketho Zokuhlola Ukwehlisa” zingasetshenziswa ukuze kusetshenziswe igama elingukhiye elithize ekuhlolweni ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuba kuqedwe. Ungasebenzisa futhi “Ukusethwa kwe-Suite” kanye “Ne-Suite Teardown” ukuze usebenzise amagama angukhiye ngaphambi noma ngemva kwe-suite yokuhlola.
Ungakwazi ukudala ngokwezifiso [Ukusethwa] kanye [Ne-Teardown] esimweni sokuhlola, esifana ne-[Isifanekiso]. Cabangela lesi simo esilandelayo ukuze ukuqonde kangcono lokhu.
Ukusebenzisa amathegi
Uhlaka lwamarobhothi luvumela omaka ukuthi basetshenziselwe ukunikeza imethadatha yamahhala ezimweni zokuhlola. “Phoqelela Omaka” kanye “Nomaka Abazenzakalelayo” kungasetshenziswa ukusetha omaka efayeleni. [Amathegi], njengokuthi [Isifanekiso], angasetshenziswa ukunikeza omaka esimweni sokuhlola esisodwa. Ake sibheke isibonelo ukuze sibone ukuthi siwasebenzisa kanjani amathegi.
Umbiko uzofaka omaka abanamacala okuhlola axhunywe kubo, kanye nezibalo ezisekelwe komaki, ngemva kokubulawa.
buhle
- Kulula ukusetha i-Robot Framework.
- Isekelwe ekusebenziseni amagama angukhiye.
- Ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise i-Gherkin.
- Isebenza ngazo zombili izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula nezisekelwe kuwebhu.
- Okuyisisekelo kwe-Robot Framework kulula ukukuqonda.
- Isebenzisa indlela enekhodi ephansi.
- IWindows, Mac OS X, Unix, neLinux zonke ziyasekelwa.
- I-Python, i-IronPython, ne-PyPy zonke ziyizilimi zokuhlela ezisekelwayo.
- Isebenza nazo zonke iziphequluli zewebhu ezinkulu.
- I-Robot Framework iyithuluzi elizenzakalelayo lokusebenzisa, elinomthombo ovulekile.
bawo
- Ukwenziwa kokuhlola okuhambisanayo akusekelwe I-Robot Framework.
- I-Robot Framework kunzima ukuhambisana nayo.
- Imibiko ye-HTML ku-Robot Framework inzima ukuyishintsha.
- Ukulungisa izinkinga ezithile ze-Robot Framework kungase kube luqili.
- Ukuhlehlisa kuphoqelelwa ngokuqinile ku-Robot Framework.
Isiphetho
I-Robot Platform iyisivivinyo samahhala nesivuleleke sokwamukelwa komthombo kanye nohlaka lokuthuthukisa oluqhutshwa ukuhlolwa kokwamukelwa.
Amakesi okuhlola ohlaka lwamarobhothi akhelwe phezu kwamagama angukhiye achazwe ngesitayela sethebula, esiwenza kube lula ukuwaqonda futhi anikeze ulwazi olunembile mayelana nencazelo yekesi lokuhlola.
Kulula ngempela futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa.
Abanye benu bake bayisebenzisa ngaphambilini, ngakho-ke uma unesivivinyo esimisiwe futhi uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lwe-Android/iOS lulungele ukusebenza, luzame.
Uzomangala ukuthi izinto zihamba kahle kanjani nokuthi ukuhlolwa kokwamukelwa kungaqedwa ngokushesha kangakanani.
shiya impendulo