Ukuba ufunda oku, ngokungathandabuzekiyo sele uqalisile uhambo lwakho kwimfundo enzulu. Ukuba umtsha kwesi sihloko, ukufunda okunzulu kusisongezo esisebenzisa izakhiwo ezinjengobuchopho ezizodwa ezibizwa ngokuba yi-artificial neural networks ukwakha iikhomputha ezinjengabantu ezijongana nemiba yehlabathi yokwenyani.
Ukunceda kuphuhliso olu yilo, ii-behemoth zetekhnoloji ezinje ngoGoogle, uFacebook, kunye no-Uber baphuhlise izikhokelo ezahlukeneyo ngendawo yokufunda enzulu yePython, iyenza kube lula ukuqonda, ukuyila, kunye nokuqeqesha iinethiwekhi ezahlukeneyo ze-neural.
Isakhelo sokufunda nzulu sisiqwenga sesoftware esetyenziswa zizifundiswa kunye nedatha yenzululwazi ukwenza nokuqeqesha imifuziselo yokufunda enzulu.
Injongo yezi zikhokelo kukwenza ukuba kube lula ukuba abantu baqeqeshe imifuziselo yabo ngaphandle kokuqonda ubuchule obusemva ukufunda okunzulu, iinethiwekhi ze-neural, kunye nokufunda koomatshini.
Ngokusebenzisa ujongano lwenkqubo olukwinqanaba eliphezulu, ezi zikhokelo zibonelela ngeebhloko zokwakha zokwakha, zoqeqesho, kunye nemizekelo yokuqinisekisa.
Siza kujonga iTensorFlow, Keras, Apache MXNet, Microsoft CNTK, kunye neDeepLearing4j njengezinye iindlela zePyTorch, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi. isakhelo sokufunda nzulu.
Yintoni iPytorch?
I-PyTorch lithala leencwadi elisimahla, elivulelekileyo lokufunda koomatshini elakhiwe ngethala leencwadi leTorch Python.
Yenziwe liqela loPhando lwe-AI ye-Facebook kwaye yapapashwa njengethala leencwadi lasimahla nelivulelekileyo ngoJanuwari 2016 kunye nezicelo kumbono wekhompyuter, ukufunda nzulu, kunye nokusetyenzwa kolwimi lwendalo.
Inolwimi oluyimfuneko kunye nolwimi lwenkqubo yePythonic exhasa ikhowudi njengemodeli, iququzelela ukulungisa ingxaki, kwaye iyahambelana namanye amathala eencwadi aziwayo ekhompyuter yesayensi, ngelixa lihlala lisebenza kwaye livumela i-accelerators yehardware efana neGPUs.
I-PyTorch ikhule ekuthandeni phakathi kwabaphandi bokufunda nzulu ngenxa yokugxila kwayo ekusebenziseni nasekuthatheni ingqalelo ukusebenza ngokucokisekileyo.
Iqulethe ulwakhiwo lwedatha olusisiseko, iTensor, eluluhlu olunamacala amaninzi afana neNumpy arrays, evumela abadwelisi benkqubo ukuba bayile ngokulula intsonkothileyo. inethiwekhi yomnatha.
Iya idume kakhulu kumacandelo angoku kunye nakuluntu lwezemfundo ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo, isantya, kunye nokulula ukuyiphumeza, iyenza ibe sesona sixhobo sidumileyo sokufunda nzulu.
Iimpawu eziphambili zePytorch
- I-PyTorch yiPython-centric, okanye "pythonic," kuba yenzelwe ukudityaniswa okunzulu kunye nenkqubo yePython kunokuba isebenze njengojongano lwethala leencwadi eliphuhliswe ngolunye ulwimi.
- Kulula ukufunda-iPyTorch ilandela ulwakhiwo olufanayo njengenkqubo yemveli kwaye ibhalwe ngobuchule, noluntu oluphuhlisayo luhlala luzama ukulenyusa. Ngoko ke kulula ukufunda kubo bobabini abaprogram kunye nabangengabo abaprogram.
- I-PyTorch inokwahlula umsebenzi wokubala ngaphezulu kwe-CPU ezininzi okanye GPU cores usebenzisa idata parallelism isakhono. Nangona ukuhambelana okufanayo kunokufezekiswa ngezinye iindlela zokufunda koomatshini, iPyTorch iyenza lula kakhulu.
- Ukulungisa ingxaki: Esinye sezixhobo ezininzi zokususa iimpazamo zePython ezifikelelekayo (umzekelo, izixhobo zePython ze-pdb kunye ne-ipdb) zinokusetyenziselwa ukulungisa ingxaki yePyTorch.
- I-PyTorch ixhasa iigrafu zokubala eziguqukayo, ezithetha ukuba ukuziphatha kwenethiwekhi kunokutshintshwa ngokuguquguqukayo ngexesha lokuqhuba.
- I-PyTorch iza neemodyuli ezahlukeneyo ezenziwe ngokukodwa, ezinje umbhalo wetotshi, itotshivision, kunye nethoshi yesandi, enokusetyenziselwa ukujongana neenkalo ezahlukeneyo zokufunda nzulu, njenge-NLP, umbono wekhompyuter, kunye nokusetyenzwa kwelizwi.
Imida yePytorch
- Ujongo olulinganiselweyo kunye nojongano lokubonwayo: Ngelixa i-TensorFlow ibandakanya isixhobo sokubonwayo esinamandla sokwenza igrafu yomfuziselo (iTensorBoard), iPyTorch ngoku ayinalo olu phawu. Ngenxa yoko, abaphuhlisi banokuqhagamshela kwiTensorBoard ngaphandle okanye basebenzise enye yePython ezininzi ezikhoyo. izixhobo zokubonisa idatha.
- I-PyTorch ayisosiphelo ukuya ekupheleni yokufunda umatshini iqonga lophuhliso; ithumela izicelo kwiiseva, iindawo zokusebenza, kunye nezixhobo eziphathwayo.
Kuzo zonke ezi zizathu, ukufuna ezona ndlela zibalaseleyo kwiPytorch kuya kuba sisigqibo esilumkileyo.
Eyona ndlela idumileyo yePytorch
Nalu uluhlu lwezona ndlela zingcono kwiPytorch.
1. I-Tensorflow
TensorFlow sisikhokelo sokufunda esinzulu, esivulelekileyo esisenziwe nguGoogle. Ikwaxhasa umgangatho yokufunda umatshini. I-TensorFlow yenzelwe ukubalwa kwamanani amakhulu engqondweni, endaweni yokufunda nzulu.
Ngaphaya koko, ingqineke ixabisekile kuphuhliso lokufunda olunzulu ngokunjalo, ke uGoogle wenze ukuba ifumaneke simahla. I-TensorFlow ithatha idatha ngohlobo lwee-multi-dimensional arrays ezinemilinganiselo emikhulu, eyaziwa ngokuba zii-tensor. Xa ujongana nomthamo omkhulu wedatha, uluhlu olunamacala amaninzi luza luncedo.
I-TensorFlow isekwe kwi-node-edge data flow graphs. Kuba indlela yokwenza ithatha imo yeegrafu, kulula kakhulu ukwenza ikhowudi yeTensorFlow ngaphezulu kweqela lekhompyuter ngelixa usebenzisa iiGPUs.
I-C #, i-Haskell, i-Julia, i-R, i-Ruby, i-Rust, kunye ne-Scala ziphakathi kweelwimi uluntu lwe-TensorFlow oludale inkxaso yazo. I-TensorFlow ibonelela ngenzuzo yokuba nenani elikhulu leendawo zokufikelela.
Ngaphandle kweelwimi, iTensorFlow inoluhlu olukhulu lwezixhobo ezidibanisa nayo okanye ezakhiwe phezu kwayo.
eziluncedo
- Isebenziseka lula. Ukuba uqhelene nePython, kuya kuba lula ukuyichola.
- Inkxaso eluntwini. I-TensorFlow iphuculwa yonke imihla nguGoogle kunye neminye imibutho' abaphuhlisi beengcali.
- I-TensorFlow Lite inokusetyenziselwa ukwenza iimodeli zeTensorFlow kwizixhobo eziphathwayo.
- I-Tensorboard sisixhobo sokubeka iliso kunye ukujonga idatha. Ukuba ufuna ukubukela iimodeli zakho zokufunda ezinzulu zisebenza, esi sisixhobo esihle kakhulu ongasisebenzisa.
- I-Tensorflow.js ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise iJavaScript ukuqhuba imifuziselo enzulu ngexesha lokwenyani kwisikhangeli.
nezingeloncedo
- I-TensorFlow inesakhiwo esisodwa, esenza kube nzima ukufumana kunye nokulungisa iimpazamo.
- Akukho nkxaso ye-OpenCL.
- I-TensorFlow ayiboneleli ngezakhono ezininzi kubasebenzisi benkqubo yokusebenza yeWindows. Ivula i-plethora yezakhono kubasebenzisi beLinux. Nangona kunjalo, abasebenzisi beWindows basenokukhuphela iTensorFlow besebenzisa i-anaconda prompt okanye ipakethe yepip.
- I-TensorFlow iwela ngasemva ngokwemiba yokubonelela ngeelophu zomfuziselo kulandelelwano olungenammiselo. Inosetyenziso oluthile lolandelelwano oluthile, luyenza ibe yinkqubo esebenzisekayo. Ngenxa yoko, kubhekiswa njenge-API ephantsi.
2. Keras
I-Keras lilayibrari yokufunda enzulu esekwe kwiPython, eyahlula kwezinye izikhokelo zokufunda ezinzulu.
Lulwimi lwenkqubo olukwinqanaba eliphezulu oluchaza a inethiwekhi yomnatha Inkcazo ye-API. Ingasetyenziswa kokubini njengojongano lomsebenzisi kunye nokuphucula amandla esikhokelo sokufunda nzulu apho iqhuba khona.
Sisakhelo esincinci esikhaphukhaphu kwaye kulula ukusisebenzisa. Ngezi zizathu, iKeras yinxalenye ye-API engundoqo ye-TensorFlow. Isiphelo sangaphambili seKeras sivumela umboniso okhawulezayo weemodeli zenethiwekhi ye-neural kuphando.
I-API iqondile ukuba ibambe kwaye isebenzise, kunye nebhonasi eyongezelelweyo yokuvumela imifuziselo ukuba idluliselwe ngokulula phakathi kwezicwangciso.
eziluncedo
- I-Keras API ilula ukuyisebenzisa. I-API iyilwe kakuhle, ijolise kwizinto, kwaye iguquguqukayo, ekhokelela kumava amnandi omsebenzisi.
- Inkxaso yoqeqesho olusasazwayo kunye ne-multi-GPU parallelism yakhelwe ngaphakathi.
- I-Keras yimodyuli yemveli yePython ebonelela ngokufikelela ngokulula kwindawo epheleleyo yenzululwazi yedatha yePython. Iimodeli zeKeras, umzekelo, zingasetyenziswa ngokusebenzisa iPython scikit-learn API.
- I-Keras ibandakanya iintsimbi eziqeqeshwe kwangaphambili kwiimodeli ezininzi zokufunda ezinzulu. Sinokusebenzisa le mizekelo ngokuthe ngqo ukwenza uqikelelo okanye ukukhupha iimpawu.
nezingeloncedo
- Kungacaphukisa kakhulu ukufumana imiba ye-backend ephantsi rhoqo. Ezi ngxaki zivela xa sizama ukwenza imisebenzi uKeras ebengamele ukuyifeza.
- Xa kuthelekiswa nee-backends zayo, inokuba yivila kwii-GPUs kwaye ithathe ixesha elide ukubala. Ngenxa yoko, kusenokufuneka sithobe isantya ukuze sisebenziseke kakuhle.
- Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iipakethe ezifana ne-sci-kit-learn, i-Keras data-preprocessing capabilities ayithandeki kangako.
3. I-Apache MXNet
Enye ebalaseleyo Isakhelo sokuFunda nzulu yiMXNet. I-MXNet, eyadalwa yi-Apache Software Foundation, ixhasa iilwimi ezahlukeneyo, kuquka iJavaScript, iPython, kunye neC ++.
Iinkonzo zeWebhu zeAmazon zikwaxhasa iMXNet kuphuhliso lweemodeli zokufunda ezinzulu. I-scalable kakhulu, ivumela imodeli yoqeqesho olukhawulezayo, kwaye iyahambelana neelwimi ezahlukeneyo zekhompyutha.
Ukwandisa isantya kunye nemveliso, i-MXNet ikuvumela ukuba udibanise iilwimi ezingokomfuziselo neziyimfuneko. Isekwe kumcwangcisi wokuxhomekeka oguqukayo ongqamanisa imisebenzi eyimiqondiso kunye nenyanzelekileyo ngexesha lokwenyani.
Ngaphezulu koko, umaleko wokwenza igrafu wenza ufezekiso olufuziselayo ngokukhawuleza kwaye inkumbulo iqoqosho. I-MXNet lithala leencwadi eliphathwayo nelikhaphukhaphu.
Inikwa amandla yi-NVIDIA Pascal TM GPUs kwaye ihlawulwe ngaphezulu kwee-GPU ezininzi kunye neenodi, ikuvumela ukuba uqeqeshe iimodeli ngokukhawuleza.
eziluncedo
- Ixhasa iiGPUs kwaye inemowudi ye-GPU emininzi.
- Isebenza kakuhle, iyakhawuleza, kwaye iyakhawuleza umbane.
- Onke amaqonga amakhulu asebhodini.
- Imodeli yokukhonza ilula, kwaye i-API ikhawuleza.
- I-Scala, i-R, i-Python, i-C ++, kunye ne-JavaScript ziphakathi kweelwimi zeprogram ezixhaswayo.
nezingeloncedo
- I-MXNet ineencinci Vula Umnikezi uluntu kuneTensorFlow.
- Uphuculo, ukulungiswa kwebug, kunye nolunye uphuculo luthatha ixesha elide ukuphumeza ngenxa yokungabikho kwenkxaso ebalulekileyo yoluntu.
- I-MxNet, nangona iqeshwe ngokubanzi ziifemu ezininzi kwishishini le-IT, ayaziwa njengeTensorflow.
4. IMicrosoft CNTK
I-Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit (CNTK) sisikhokelo sorhwebo esivulelekileyo sokufundisa ngokunzulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukudala amanethiwekhi, kodwa ingasetyenziselwa ukufunda koomatshini kunye necomputing yokuqonda.
Ixhasa iilwimi ezahlukeneyo kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa efini. Ngenxa yezi mpawu, i-CNTK ifanelekile kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-AI. Nangona sinokusebenzisa i-C ++ ukucela imisebenzi yayo, olona khetho luqhelekileyo kukusebenzisa inkqubo yePython.
Xa usebenza kwiikhompyuter ezininzi, iMicrosoft Cognitive Toolkit yamkelwa ukunika ukusebenza okungcono kunye nobukhulu kunezixhobo zezixhobo ezifana neTheano okanye iTensorFlow.
I-Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit ixhasa zombini iRNN kunye neCNN neural models, iyenza ifanele umfanekiso, ukubhala ngesandla, kunye nemisebenzi yokuqondwa kwentetho.
eziluncedo
- Kulula ukudibanisa ne-Apache Spark, i-injini yohlalutyo lwedatha.
- I-scalability ye-CNTK yenze ukuba ibe lukhetho oludumileyo kumashishini amaninzi. Kukho amacandelo amaninzi alungiselelweyo.
- Inikezela ngokusebenza okuzinzileyo kunye nokulungileyo.
- Isebenza kakuhle ngeAzure Cloud, zombini ezi zixhaswa nguMicrosoft.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo kunye nolawulo olusebenzayo.
nezingeloncedo
- Xa kuthelekiswa neTensorflow, kukho inkxaso encinci yoluntu.
- Umnqantsa wokufunda.
- Ayinayo ibhodi yokubonisa kunye nenkxaso ye-ARM.
5. i-DeepLearning4j
Ukuba iJava lulwimi lwakho lwenkqubo oluphambili, i-DeepLearning4j sisikhokelo esilungileyo esinokusisebenzisa. Yilayibrari yokufunda enzulu esasazwayo ekumgangatho worhwebo kunye nomthombo ovulekileyo.
Zonke iintlobo eziphambili zoyilo lwenethiwekhi ye-neural, njenge-RNN kunye nee-CNN, ziyaxhaswa. I-Deeplearning4j yilayibrari yeJava kunye neScala yokufunda nzulu.
Isebenza kakuhle neHadoop kunye neApache Spark ngokunjalo. I-Deeplearning4j yeyona ndlela imangalisayo yezisombululo zokufunda ezinzulu eziseJava kuba ikwaxhasa iiGPUs.
Xa kuziwa kwisakhelo sokufunda esinzulu se-Eclipse Deeplearning4j, ezinye zeempawu ezibalaseleyo zibandakanya uqeqesho oluhambelanayo ngokucutha okuphindaphindiweyo, uhlengahlengiso lolwakhiwo lwenkonzo encinci, kunye nokusasazwa kwee-CPU kunye nee-GPU.
eziluncedo
- Inamaxwebhu abalaseleyo kunye noncedo loluntu.
- Ukudityaniswa kwe-Apache Spark kulula.
- Iyakwazi ukucutha kwaye iyakwazi ukuphatha umthamo omkhulu wedatha.
nezingeloncedo
- Xa kuthelekiswa neTensorflow kunye nePyTorch, ayithandwa kakhulu.
- IJava lolona lwimi lwenkqubo olukhoyo.
isiphelo
Ukukhetha esona sikhokelo sokufunda sinzulu ngumsebenzi onzima. Ngaphezu koko kuba zininzi kakhulu, uluhlu luyakhula njengemfuno kukubhadla okungeyonyani uphando kunye nezicelo zokufunda koomatshini ziyakhula. Isakhelo ngasinye sineseti yaso eluncedo kunye nesezantsi.
Iingqwalasela ezininzi kufuneka zenziwe, kubandakanywa ukhuseleko, ukulinganisa, kunye nokusebenza. Kwiinkqubo zodidi lweshishini, ukuthembeka kubaluleka ngakumbi.
Ukuba usaqala nje, iTensorflow yindawo elungileyo yokuqalisa. Khetha i-CNTK ukuba uphuhlisa imveliso yorhwebo esekwe kwiWindows. Ukuba ukhetha iJava, sebenzisa i-DL4J.
Shiya iMpendulo