Iividiyo zikaMark Zuckerberg ezivuma ukubiwa kwedatha kunye noBarack Obama oxhaphaza uDonald Trump sele bejikeleza i-intanethi ixesha elide ngoku?
Ezi vidiyo ziziphumo zobuchwephesha be-AI obuphambili kakhulu kunye nekamva elibizwa ngokuba yi-Deepfake.
Ngamafutshane, le yenye yeefoto zevidiyo. Kwelinye icala, inokuguqula izinto ze-elektroniki ngokuphelisa imfuneko yomntu wokwenene.
Kwelinye icala, isongela kakhulu isazisi somntu njengoko unokwenza nabani na athethe nantoni na kwividiyo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Deepfakes ukufunda okunzulu ukwenza iifoto kunye neevidiyo zeziganeko zobuxoki, kungoko igama elithi deepfake. Ayinakutshintsha kuphela ubuso kwiividiyo ezikhoyo kodwa inokwenza iifreyimu ezintsha kunye neevidiyo ukusuka ekuqaleni.
Imvelaphi yee-Deepfakes
Ibanzi uphando lwezifundo uye watyhala imida yokukhohlisa kweefoto kunye nevidiyo kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo. I-Deepfake ikwasisiphumo solu phando lwezemfundo.
Imeko yokuqala yokuguqulwa kwevidiyo yanikelwa ingxelo ngowe-1997. Ividiyo yomntu yatshintshwa ukuze ithethe amazwi akwingoma eyahlukileyo. Yayiyimeko yokuqala yokuhlaziywa kobuso kusetyenziswa yokufunda umatshini ubuchule.
Inkqubela phambili ephawulekayo yenziwa ngo-2017 xa ividiyo yalowo wayesakuba ngumongameli wase-US u-Barack Obama yatshintshwa ukuze athethe amagama ahlukeneyo ahambelana nengoma yomsindo eyahlukileyo.
Ngo-2018, abaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eBerkeley, bazisa i-app enokudala i- ividiyo yomdaniso womgunyathi usebenzisa ukufunda okunzulu. Oku kwaphawula ukwanda kwee-deepfakes kuwo wonke umzimba njengoko imisebenzi yangaphambili yayilinganiselwe ebusweni.
Zenziwa njani iiDeepfakes?
Enkosi kwinkqubela phambili kwikhompyuter, ngoku unokuphuhlisa i-deepfakes ngokulula kwaye ngexabiso eliphantsi. Iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-deepfakes.
Indlela ye1
Kuya kufuneka uqeqeshe a inethiwekhi yomnatha kwividiyo yokwenyani yomfanekiso womntu. Oku kuya kuvumela i inethiwekhi yomnatha ukuqonda iimpawu zobuso besifundo kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo kunye neemeko zokukhanyisa.
Emva koko, uya kucubungula zombini ubuso bokuqala kunye nobuso obufihliweyo ngokusebenzisa i-algorithm ye-AI ebizwa ngokuba yi-encoder. Iya kufumana kwaye ifunde iiyantlukwano kunye nokufana phakathi kobuso obubini kwaye zombini ubuso buncitshiswe kumfanekiso oxinanisiweyo wokwabelana ngeempawu eziqhelekileyo.
Emva koko kuza i-algorithm yesibini ye-AI ebizwa ngokuba yi-decoder, ebuyisela ubuso kwimifanekiso ecinezelweyo. Bobabini ubuso bufunyanwa zizikhowuda ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.
Ukwenza utshintsho lobuso, wondla ngokulula imifanekiso ekhowudiweyo kwenye idekhowuda.
Umzekelo, imveliso ye-encoder yobuso A ifakwa kwidikhowuda eqeqeshelwe kubuso B ethi iphinde yakhe ubuso B kunye neempawu zobuso zobuso A. Kuya kufuneka wenze oku kwisakhelo ngasinye sevidiyo ukwenzela imveliso ekholisayo.
Indlela ye2
Enye indlela yokuvelisa i-deepfakes yi-Generative Adversarial Network (GAN).
Kuya kufuneka usebenzise ii-algorithms ezimbini ezikhuphisanayo ukwenza i-deepfakes. Eyokuqala izakusebenzisa ingxolo engakhethiyo ukwenza umfanekiso kwaye kungoko ibizwa ngokuba yijenereyitha. Lo mfanekiso wokwenziwa wondliwa kumlambo wemifanekiso yokwenyani nge-algorithm yesibini ebizwa ngokuba ngumcalucalulo.
Umcaluli unika ingxelo kwijenereyitha eyenza omnye umfanekiso ngokwempendulo. Ngale ndlela, zombini ii-algorithms zinika iziphumo eziphuculweyo ngokuphindaphinda ngakunye. Le nkqubo iphinda iphindwe kaninzi de kube inqanaba elifunekayo lokuchaneka liphunyeziwe.
I-GAN izisa iziphumo eziyinyani ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kunzima ukusebenza nayo kwaye ifuna isixa esikhulu sedatha yoqeqesho kunye namandla ekhompyuter. Yiyo loo nto kukhethwa ngokubanzi ukwenza imifanekiso kuneeklip zevidiyo.
Eminye imizekelo ekholisayo yee-Deepfakes
Kukho ezinye ii-deepfakes eziqinisekisayo ezijikeleza i-intanethi kwaye uninzi lwayo ngabantu abadumileyo.
Umzekelo, kukho iakhawunti yeTikTok enikezelwe kuphela kubunzulu bukaTom Cruise. Iividiyo zibonisa iCruise golfing okanye ukubonisa iqhinga lomlingo.
@deeptomcruise Hamba! ????
Enye i-deepfake entsonkothileyo yalayishwa kwiYouTube kunye noTom Cruise, uRobert Downey Jr., uJeff Goldblum, uGeorge Lucas kunye no-Ewan McGregor. Ineziphene ezicacileyo, kodwa ukusetyenzwa kwe-3 ukuya kwi-4 ye-deepfakes kwividiyo ngaxeshanye yinto eyedwa ngokwayo.
Omnye umzekelo yividiyo enzulu yowayesakuba nguMongameli uBarack Obama.
Le yoyiseka ngendlela emangalisayo njengoko isebenzisa amazwi kunye nezimbo zomzimba zabalinganisi abakwaziyo ukulinganisa amazwi kunye nezimbo zomzimba zomxholo.
Ngoku sibona i-deepfakes kushishino lwezolonwabo oluqhelekileyo.
Yayisetyenziselwa ukudubula imifanekiso kaPaul Walker kwi-Fast and Furious 7 emva kokusweleka okungalindelekanga komdlali weqonga. I-deepfake yasetyenziswa kumntakwabo ngokuchaneka okumangalisayo.
I-Deepfakes izisa ntoni etafileni?
I-Deepfakes ibonakalise ukuba yitekhnoloji ethembekileyo kakhulu ukuzisa uguquko kumajelo eendaba kunye nolonwabo.
Ngaba uyakhumbula xa amadevu kaHenry Cavill asuswa yiCGI kwi "Man of Steel" kwaye kwaba yintlekele?
Okufanayo ngoku kunokwenziwa kwiikhomputha ezingamawaka ambalwa eedola ezineziphumo ezikholisa kakhulu.
Ngoku ungadibana nookhokho bakho abangasekhoyo kunye nabo ubathandayo. Unokuya nakwisifundo seFiziksi esivela ku-Albert Einstein ngokwakhe.
Ngaphandle kwayo yonke le nto, i-deepfake ayikhange isetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo ngendlela ebekucetywe ngayo. Malunga ne-96% yee-deepfakes kwi-intanethi ayiyo-pornography engavumelekanga.
Ubuninzi bedatha yoqeqesho ekhoyo kubantu abadumileyo kubangele ukuba babe ngamaxhoba ekujoliswe kuwo e-deepfakes.
Kusenze ukuba sikwazi ukubeka nabani na kwiimeko ezinobungozi okanye ezibeka esichengeni kwaye yiyo loo nto ibeka umngcipheko omkhulu kuye wonke umntu.
Ii-deepfakes ezivakalayo ziye zaxelwa ukuba zisetyenziselwa ukuqhatha iinkampani. Ngo-2019, umntu ozenza umntu wasebenzisa isandi esinzulu somgunyathi ukuyalela i-CEO yefemu esekwe e-UK ukuba idlulisele ii-euro ezingama-220,000 kwibhanki yaseHungary ngokuzenza umphathi wenkampani yabazali.
Ulwa njani ne-Malicious Deepfakes?
Ngokwesiqhelo, unokubona iividiyo ezinzulu ngokujongisisa isakhelo ngesakhelo kwaye ujonge izinto zobugcisa kunye nezitenxo.
Nangona kunjalo, yinkqubo echaseneyo kwaye iinkampani ezininzi zisebenza kwii-algorithms kunye nesoftware Khangela i-deepfakes.
UFacebook waqesha abaphandi abavela eBerkeley, Oxford, nakwamanye amaziko ukuba bakhe umtshina onzulu. Ngokufanayo, iYouTube ibhengeze ukuba ayizukuzamkela iividiyo ezinzulu ezihambelana nonyulo lwase-US, iinkqubo zokuvota, okanye ubalo lwabantu lwase-US luka-2020.
Ungasebenzisa iinkqubo ezifana Umkhuseli wokwenyani kunye ne-Deeptrace yokukhangela i-deepfakes.
Amazwe axakeke kukwenza umthetho malunga nokusetyenziswa kwee-deepfakes ngokubanzi. I-US iphumeze imithetho emininzi malunga ne-deepfakes kulo nyaka uphelileyo.
Songa
I-Deepfake sisimbonakaliso esiphilayo sokuqhubela phambili kwe-AI. Iphinda imfiphaze umda wekamva, nangona kunjalo, sisoyikiso esinokubakho ekuthembekeni komxholo wegraphic-graphic kwi-intanethi.
Kuya kubakho ixesha apho abantu baya kuqala ukuthandabuza yonke ividiyo ekwi-intanethi kwaye siya kutyhalelwa kwixesha lokungaqiniseki.
Shiya iMpendulo