IiGPU kunye neeTPU ngabadlali ababini ababalulekileyo kwishishini lekhompyuter. Bayitshintshe ngokupheleleyo indlela esiphatha ngayo kwaye sihlalutye idatha.
Umsebenzi onzima wokuvelisa imizobo kunye nemifanekiso iphathwa yiGPUs, okanye iiyunithi zokulungisa imizobo.
Ii-TPU, okanye iiYunithi zokuLungiselela i-Tensor, kwelinye icala, ziiprosesa ezenzelwe ngokukodwa ukukhawulezisa ukulayisha umatshini wokufunda.
Ukuba nesixhobo esifanelekileyo somsebenzi kubalulekile kwihlabathi leekhompyuter. Ukusebenza, isantya, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle komsebenzi othile kunokuchaphazeleka ngokumangalisayo ngokukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo lweyunithi yokulungisa.
Ngenxa yoku, ukuthelekisa ii-GPU kunye nee-TPU kubalulekile kuye nabani na ozama ukukhulisa amandla abo okubambisa.
Nangona kunjalo, makhe siqale ngezinto ezisisiseko.
Yintoni iProsesa?
Iprosesa yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yekhompyuter. Yenza ubalo olufunekayo ukuze ikhompyuter isebenze.
Iqhuba izibalo ezisisiseko, ingqiqo, kunye neenkqubo zegalelo/imveliso ilandela imiyalelo esuka kwisixokelelwano esisebenzayo.
Amabinzana athi "iprosesa," "iyunithi yokucubungula ephakathi (CPU)," kunye "ne-microprocessor" ahlala esetyenziswa ngokutshintshanayo. Nangona kunjalo, i-CPU lolunye uhlobo lweprosesa. Ayiyiyo yodwa iprosesa kwikhompyuter. Ibalulekile nangona kunjalo.
I-CPU yenza uninzi lwemisebenzi yekhompyuter kunye nokucubungula. Isebenza "njengengqondo" yekhompyuter.
Kweli nqaku, siza kuthetha malunga neeprosesa ezimbini ezahlukeneyo; I-TPU kunye ne-GPU.
Yintoni eyahlula ii-GPUs kwii-TPU, kwaye kutheni kufuneka wazi ngazo? /p>
GPU
Ii-GPUs, okanye iiYunithi zokuLungisa imizobo, zizijikelezo ezinobugocigoci. Zakhelwe ngokukodwa ukusetyenzwa kwemifanekiso kunye nemizobo. Ii-GPUs ziyinxalenye yeecores ezininzi ezincinci. Ezi cores ziyasebenzisana ukuphatha ubuninzi bedatha ngaxeshanye.
Basebenza kakuhle kakhulu ekuveliseni imifanekiso, iividiyo, kunye nemizobo ye-3D.
Kufana negcisa elisebenza emva kwemifanekiso ukwenza imifanekiso oyibonayo kwiscreen sakho. I-GPU iguqula idatha ekrwada ibe yimifanekiso enomtsalane kunye neemuvi ozibonayo.
TPUs
IiYunithi zokuLungiselela i-Tensor, okanye ii-TPU, ziisekethe ezikhethekileyo. Zakhelwe kuphela yokufunda umatshini. Ii-TPU zinkulu kwiimfuno zezicelo zoomatshini bokufunda ngoomatshini. Ke ngoko, sinokuzisebenzisa kufundo olunzulu kunye noqeqesho lwenethiwekhi ye-neural.
Kule meko, azifani nee-GPUs, ezakhelwe ngakumbi i-computing yenjongo ngokubanzi.
Kufana nengcali yezibalo exazulula iingxaki ezinzima kwaye yenza i-AI isebenze. Qwalasela oku: xa usebenzisa umncedisi wenyani onje ngeSiri okanye i-Alexa, iTPU isebenza ngokungakhathali emva kwezigcawu. Itolika imiyalelo yelizwi lakho kwaye iphendule ngokufanelekileyo.
Inoxanduva lokugqibezela ubalo oluntsonkothileyo olufunekayo ukutolika igalelo lelizwi. Kwaye, iyayiqonda into oyicelayo, kwaye iphendula ngokuchanekileyo.
GPU vs TPUs
Ukuqonda Izinto Ezisisiseko
Ii-GPUs (iiYunithi zokuLungisa imizobo) kunye nee-TPU (iiYunithi zokuSebenza kweTensor) zizinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zehardware ezifumaneka kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha.
Ukuthelekiswa kweeMetrikhi zokuSebenza
Sifanele Sithelekise Ntoni?
Amandla okucubungula, i-memory bandwidth, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla yimilinganiselo yokusebenza ebalulekileyo. Banefuthe kwi-GPU kunye ne-TPU amandla. Singasebenzisa le migaqo xa sithelekisa i-GPU kunye ne-TPU.
Ii-TPU zenzelwe ngokukodwa imisebenzi yokufunda koomatshini. Baneenzuzo ezahlukeneyo ngaphezulu kwe-GPUs, kubandakanya isantya sokusebenza ngokukhawuleza, i-bandwidth engcono yememori, kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Ngelixa ii-GPU ziyaziwa ngokubonelela ngamanqanaba aphezulu okusebenza.
Ukusebenza kwamandla
Kwinkalo yekhompyutha, ukonga amandla ngumba obalulekileyo. Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo xa kuthelekiswa iiGPU kunye neeTPU. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwecandelo le-hardware kunokuchaphazela kakhulu ixabiso kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo yakho.
Xa kuziwa ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwamandla, ii-TPU zineenzuzo ezibalulekileyo kwii-GPUs. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, zilunge ngakumbi kuqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo njengoko zisebenzisa amandla amancinci.
Support Software
Ukhetho lwakho kufuneka luxhomekeke kwinkxaso yesoftware kunye neemodeli zokucwangcisa. Kubalulekile ukukhetha ihardware ehambelana nezixhobo zakho. Kwaye, kufuneka ibonelele ngenkxaso yesoftware oyifunayo.
IiGPU lolona khetho lungcono apha. Banikezela ngeemodeli ezahlukeneyo zeprogram kunye nenkxaso yesoftware. Ii-TPU, kwelinye icala, zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukulayisha umatshini wokufunda. Ke, ababoneleli ngenqanaba elifanayo lokusebenzisana kunye nenkxaso njenge-GPUs.
Iindleko kunye nokuFumaneka
Ngokwexabiso, ii-GPU zifikeleleka ngokuqhelekileyo kwaye zingabizi kakhulu kune-TPU. IiGPU zenziwa ziinkampani ezininzi, kubandakanya iNvidia, AMD, kunye neIntel. Sisebenzisa ii-GPUs kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kumdlalo ukuya kwikhompyuter yesayensi.
Ngenxa yoko, banemarike enkulu kunye nokhuphiswano. Oku ngokuqinisekileyo kunegalelo kumaxabiso aphantsi.
Ii-TPU, kwelinye icala, zenziwe nguGoogle kuphela kwaye zifumaneka kuphela ngeLifu likaGoogle. Ii-TPU zibiza kakhulu kuneGPUs ngenxa yokunqongophala kwazo. Kwakhona, inemfuno eyomeleleyo evela kubafundi bokufunda ngoomatshini kunye neengcali.
Nangona kunjalo, unokufuna ukusebenza okuthe ngqo ezibonelelwa yiTPU kuqeqesho lweemodeli zeML. Emva koko, ixabiso eliphezulu kunye nokufumaneka okulinganiselweyo kunokufanelekile.
Leliphi icandelo lehardware elilungele iimfuno zakho?
Impendulo yalo mbuzo ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Kuya kufuneka ujonge uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwakho, iimfuno zakho zokusebenza, kunye neentlobo zemisebenzi ofuna ukuyenza.
IiGPUs lukhetho olunoqoqosho ngakumbi ukuba ixabiso lelona nqaku liphambili. TPU' ubuncinane 5 amaxesha abiza ngaphezulu.
Iimfuno zakho kunye neemfuno zakho ekugqibeleni ziya kumisela ukuba yeyiphi icandelo lehardware elilungele wena. Kubalulekile ukuvavanya iingenelo kunye nokungalunganga kwazo zonke iinketho ezifikelelekayo ngaphambi kokukhetha ukhetho.
Ngaba singasebenzisa i-GPU ngokuFundisa ngoomatshini ngokunjalo?
Ukufunda ngoomatshini kunokwenziwa kwiiGPUs. Ngenxa yomthamo wabo wokuqhuba ubalo lwemathematika oluntsonkothileyo olufunekayo iimodeli zokufunda koomatshini boqeqesho, ii-GPU enyanisweni ziyindlela ekhethwayo kubasebenzi abaninzi bokufunda ngomatshini.
Izikhokelo zokufunda ezinzulu ezifana TensorFlow kunye nePyTorch iyahambelana noluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo zesoftware kwiiGPU. Ii-TPU zisenokungasebenzi kunye nezinye iinkqubo zesoftware kunye namathala eencwadi. Zidalwe ngokukodwa ukuba zisebenze kunye nesakhelo seTensorFlow sikaGoogle.
Ukuqukumbela, kubathengi abafuna ukufikeleleka ngakumbi, isisombululo sokufunda koomatshini esinoqoqosho ngakumbi, iiGPU zinokukhethwa. Kubathengi abafuna umsebenzi okhethekileyo wokwakha kunye nokwenza iimodeli zokufunda koomatshini, ii-TPU ziselolona khetho lubalaseleyo.
Lisiphathele Ntoni Ikamva?
Abaprosesa baya kuqhubeka nokuphuhlisa kwixesha elizayo elingekude.
Silindele ukuba babe nokusebenza okuphezulu, uqoqosho lwamandla, kunye namazinga ewotshi akhawulezayo.
Ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nokuqhubela phambili kokufunda koomatshini kuya kutyhala ukuyilwa kweeprosesa ezilungiselelwe usetyenziso oluthile.
Kukwacingelwa ukuba umkhwa oya kwii-CPU ezininzi ezingundoqo kunye namandla amakhulu e-cache.
Shiya iMpendulo