Itekhnoloji yabantu ifikelele encotsheni yayo ngeenkqubo zedijithali.
I-microcontroller okanye i-microprocessor idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezinjalo, ezigcina, ziqhube, kwaye zidlulise idatha kwifom yedijithali.
Iisekethe zeDijithali zibonelela kwaye zifumane idatha kwimivo yokubini (i-1 kunye ne-0).
Ngaphaya koko, amasango okuqiqa abeka isiseko sobunzima beesekethe zedijithali ezikhoyo namhlanje.
Iikhompyuter zibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi bemihla ngemihla kuba zinokufezekisa uluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi kunye nokusebenza ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu.
Olona xanduva lubalulekileyo lweCPU yekhompyuter kukuqhuba iinkqubo ezinengqiqo kusetyenziswa ihardware efana neeSekethe eziDityanisiweyo, itekhnoloji yesoftware, kunye neesekethe zombane.
Iikhompyutha zisebenzisa amadijithi okubini kunedijithi yedijithali kwimisebenzi elula. Amasango engqiqo enza yonke imisebenzi.
Yintoni isango lokuqiqa?
Isango lengqiqo licandelo leesekethe zedijithali ezisebenza njengebhloko yokwakha.
Baqhuba imisebenzi esengqiqweni kwisekethe yedijithali. Amasango okuqiqa asetyenziswa phantse kuzo zonke izixhobo zobuchwepheshe esizisebenzisayo kule mihla.
Amasango okuqiqa, umzekelo, anokufumaneka kwizixhobo eziphathwayo, iitafile, kunye nezixhobo zememori.
Amasango okuqiqa kwesekethe enza izigqibo ezisekelwe kumxube wemiqondiso yedijithali ethunyelwe kumagalelo ayo. Uninzi lwamasango e-logic anamagalelo amabini kunye nesiphumo esinye.
Ukwakha amasango okuqiqa, i-algebra ye-Boolean iyasetyenziswa. Ngalo naliphi na ixesha, i-terminal nganye ikwindawo ezimbini zokubini: bubuxoki okanye yinyani.
Ubuxoki bulingana no-zero, ngelixa inyaniso ilingana nomnye. Imveliso yokubini iya kwahluka ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lwesango lengqiqo elisetyenzisiweyo kunye nomxube wegalelo.
Isango lengqiqo lifana nokutshintsha ukukhanya kwinto yokuba imveliso icinyiwe kwindawo enye kwaye kwenye. Amasango e-Logic asetyenziswa rhoqo kwiisekethe ezidibeneyo (ICs).
Ziziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamasango e-logic?
Amasango okuqiqa ahlelwa ngokweendidi ezisixhenxe:
- AND
- OR
- NOT
- Hayi
- NAND
- XOR
- XNOR
Ngoku, masingene nzulu kuyo nganye nganye.
1. KUNYE neSango
Lisango lengqiqo kwinqanaba layo elisisiseko. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zamagalelo akhoyo: 0 kunye no-1.
Ukusebenza kwayo kuyafana naleyo yomqhubi "kunye". Ukuba onke amagalelo esango anexabiso elifanayo (yinyani), isiphumo ngu-1, omnye u-0 uhanjiswa xa nawaphi na amagalelo anexabiso elifanayo (ubuxoki).
Inkcazo
Y = AB
Umzobo weBhloko
Itheyibhile yeNyaniso
A | B | imveliso |
0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 1 |
2. OKANYE Isango
OKANYE amasango anamagalelo amabini okanye ngaphezulu kwaye luhlobo lwesango lokuqiqa.
Inokuvelisa kuphela imveliso enye ngexesha, nangona kunjalo. Ngokwealgebra, isango OR livelisa isixa sedatha yegalelo.
I-OR isango eliphumayo lihlala liyinyani (1) xa ubuncinane elinye lamagalelo alo liyinyani; kungenjalo, isiphumo ngu zero.
Inkcazo
Y = A+B
Umzobo weBhloko
Itheyibhile yeNyaniso
A | B | imveliso |
0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 1 |
3. NOT Isango
Inokuba negalelo elinye kunye nemveliso nangaliphi na ixesha. AKUKHO amasango, kwelinye icala, aqhele ukusetyenziswa ukuvelisa imveliso endaweni yokufaka.
Isiphumo ngu-0 ukuba AKUKHO igalelo lesango ngu-1; ukuba igalelo ngu-0, isiphumo ngu-1.
Ngenxa yomsebenzi wayo, ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-inverter. Isango elingu-HAYI ngamanye amaxesha laziwa njengesango le-Unary ngenxa yenani elicacileyo lamagalelo ewonke.
Inkcazo
Y=A'
Umzobo weBhloko
Itheyibhile yeNyaniso
Igalelo (A) | Imveliso (HAYI A) |
0 | 1 |
1 | 0 |
4. AKUKHO Isango
Yenziwe ngazo zombini OKANYE hayi amasango. Isango elingu-NOR lisisichasi se-polar se-OR isango ngokwendlela esebenza ngayo.
Ngalo naliphi na ixesha, isango le-NOR linokuba namagalelo amabini okanye ngaphezulu kodwa imveliso enye kuphela. Xa onke amagalelo angu-zero, isango elingu-NOR libuyisela i-1; nangona kunjalo, ukuba nawaphi na amagalelo enye (1), imveliso ngu-zero (0).
Inkcazo
Y=(A+B)'
Umzobo weBhloko
Itheyibhile yeNyaniso
A | B | imveliso |
0 | 0 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 0 |
5. Isango le-NAND
Yindibaniselwano yesango KUNYE kunye ne-HAYI isango elinokwamkela amagalelo amabini okanye ngaphezulu ngexesha elinye kodwa likhupha elinye.
Indlela yesango le-NAND yinguquko yaleyo yesango KUNYE. Xa elinye lamagalelo esango le-NAND lingu-0, imveliso yesi-1 ifunyenwe; ngenye indlela, imveliso ihlala ingu-0.
Inkcazo
Y=(AB)'
Umzobo weBhloko
Itheyibhile yeNyaniso
A | B | imveliso |
0 | 0 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 |
6. XOR Isango
I-Exclusive-OR, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba 'yi-Ex-OR' isango, lisango lengqiqo yedijithali elithatha ngaphezu kwamagalelo amabini kodwa likhupha ixabiso elinye kuphela.
Imveliso yeSango yeXOR ngu '1' ukuba elinye lamagalelo ngu '1.' Isiphumo sithi '0' ukuba omabini amagalelo '1.' Isiphumo sithi '0' ukuba omabini amagalelo ngu-'0.'
Inkcazo
Y=A'.B+A.B'
Umzobo weBhloko
Itheyibhile yeNyaniso
A | B | imveliso |
0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 |
7. XNOR Isango
I-Exclusive-NOR, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba 'yi-EX-NOR' yesango, lisango lengqiqo yedijithali elithatha ngaphezu kwamagalelo amabini kodwa likhupha elinye kuphela.
Ukuba amagalelo omabini '1,' imveliso yeSango le-XNOR ngu-'1.' Isiphumo sithi '0' xa omabini amagalelo engu-'0.' Isiphumo siya kuba ngu-'0' ukuba elinye lamagalelo ngu-'0.'
Inkcazo
Y=A.B+A'B'
Umzobo weBhloko
Itheyibhile yeNyaniso
A | B | imveliso |
0 | 0 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 0 |
Logic Gate Usebenzisa
- Amasango okuqiqa anokudityaniswa ngeendlela ezininzi, kwaye izixhobo zamva nje, iisathelayithi, kunye neerobhothi zifuna isigidi sezi ndibaniselwano.
- Amasango okuqiqa asetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Iichips (ICs) zinala malungu, afumaneka kwiikhompyutha, iifowuni, iilaptops, kunye nezinye izixhobo zombane.
- Ugqithiso lwedatha, ukubalwa, kunye nokusetyenzwa kwedatha zonke zixhamla kumasango engqiqo. Amasango okuqiqa asetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-transistor-transistor logic kunye ne-CMOS electronics.
- Iialamu zokugqekeza, ii-buzzers, iiswitshi, kunye nezibane zasesitalatweni zonke zisebenzisa imidibaniso yamasango engqiqo. La masango asetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuluhlu lwamashishini kuba anokukhetha ukuqala okanye ukuyeka ngokuxhomekeke kwingqiqo.
eziluncedo
- Azibizi. Ngenxa yoko, ziba neendleko eziphezulu kakhulu.
- Ifuna umbane omncinci.
- I-Logic 0 kunye ne-logic 1 zahlulwe ngokucacileyo.
- Isebenza njengesiseko sayo yonke igajethi yedijithali.
- Isebenzisa iBoolean Algebra ukwenza imisebenzi enengqondo.
neengozi
- Ukuqonda isango elisengqiqweni alikholeleki kwinkqubo entsonkothileyo okanye uyilo lwesekethe kuba kunzima ukuzibeka nokuzidibanisa ngokufanelekileyo.
- I-voltage ephantsi yokusebenza yinto elungileyo ukuba nayo.
- Igalelo kunye nemveliso yahlulwe ngokulibaziseka kwexesha.
isiphelo
Ukuhamba komsinga wombane kujongwana nawo ngesango elisengqiqweni.
Kuya kufuneka unikeze igalelo kuyo, kwaye ukuba ukuhanjiswa kunikwe amandla, okwangoku kunokuhamba kuyo.
Iikhrayitheriya zokuqukuqela kwangoku ozisebenzisayo njengotshintshiselwano zichazwa ngokubanzi lisango lengqiqo.
Ungasebenzisa amasango okuqiqa ukuphumeza imisebenzi yokubini njengokudibanisa, ukuphindaphinda, kunye nokwahlula.
Shiya iMpendulo