Kusenokwenzeka ukuba sisekuqaleni kwenguqulelo entsha ye-AI.
Ubukrelekrele obuvelisayo bubhekisa kwii-algorithms kunye neemodeli ezikwaziyo ukwenza umxholo. Imveliso yemizekelo enjalo ibandakanya umbhalo, iaudio, kunye nemifanekiso ehlala iphoswa njengemveliso yomntu yokwenyani.
Izicelo ezinje nge NcokolaGPT baye babonisa ukuba i-AI yokuvelisa ayisiyonto nje intsha. I-AI ngoku iyakwazi ukulandela imiyalelo eneenkcukacha kwaye ibonakala inokuqonda okunzulu malunga nendlela elisebenza ngayo ihlabathi.
Kodwa siye safikelela njani kweli nqanaba? Kwesi sikhokelo, siya kudlula kwezinye zezinto eziphambili kuphando lwe-AI ezihlahle indlela yolu revolution ye-AI entsha nenika umdla.
Ukunyuka kweNeural Networks
Uyakwazi ukulandelela imvelaphi ye-AI yanamhlanje kuphando ukufunda okunzulu kunye nothungelwano lwe-neural kwi 2012.
Ngaloo nyaka, u-Alex Krizhevsky kunye neqela lakhe elivela kwiYunivesithi yaseToronto bakwazi ukufezekisa i-algorithm echanekileyo kakhulu ekwazi ukuhlela izinto.
The inethiwekhi ye-neural yangoku, eyaziwa ngoku njenge-AlexNet, ikwazile ukuhlela izinto kwi-database ye-ImageNet ebonakalayo enezinga eliphantsi kakhulu lempazamo kunomgijimi.
Unxibelelwano lweeNeural zialgorithms ezisebenzisa uthungelwano lwemisebenzi yemathematika ukufunda indlela yokuziphatha ethile esekelwe kwidatha ethile yoqeqesho. Umzekelo, unokondla idatha yezonyango yenethiwekhi ye-neural ukuze uqeqeshe imodeli yokufumanisa isifo esifana nomhlaza.
Ithemba lelokuba inethiwekhi ye-neural ifumana kancinci iipateni kwidatha kwaye ichaneke ngakumbi xa inikwe idatha yenoveli.
I-AlexNet yaba lusetyenziso olugqwesileyo lwe inethiwekhi yokuqinisekisa okanye CNNs. Igama elingundoqo elithi "convolutional" libhekisela ekongezweni kweeleya ze-convolutional ezibeka ugxininiso olungakumbi kwidatha esondeleyo kunye.
Ngelixa ii-CNNs zazisele zingumbono ngeminyaka yee-1980, zaqala ukufumana ukuthandwa ekuqaleni koo-2010 xa itekhnoloji yamva nje ye-GPU yatyhala itekhnoloji kwiindawo eziphakamileyo.
Impumelelo ye-CNNs kwintsimi ye umbono wekhompyutha kukhokelele kumdla ongakumbi kuphando lwenethiwekhi ze-neural.
Iingxilimbela zobuchwephesha ezifana noGoogle kunye noFacebook zagqiba ekubeni zikhulule ezazo izikhokelo ze-AI eluntwini. High-level APIs ezifana I-Keras inike abasebenzisi ujongano olusebenzisekayo lokusebenzisa unxibelelwano olunzulu lwe-neural.
Ii-CNNs zazilungile ekuqatshelweni kwemifanekiso kunye nohlalutyo lwevidiyo kodwa zazinengxaki xa kuziwa ekusombululeni iingxaki ezisekwe kulwimi. Lo mda ekuqhubekekeni kolwimi lwendalo unokubakho kuba indlela imifanekiso kunye nesicatshulwa ngokwenyani ziyingxaki eyahlukileyo.
Umzekelo, ukuba unemodeli ehlela ukuba ingaba umfanekiso uqulethe irobhothi, ilobhothi ekuthethwa ngayo inokuvela naphi na emfanekisweni. Nangona kunjalo, olu hlobo lobubele alusebenzi kakuhle kulwimi. Isivakalisi esithi “uBob watya intlanzi” kunye “nentlanzi yatya uBob” aneentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kakhulu nangona esebenzisa amagama afanayo.
Kuye kwacaca ukuba abaphandi kufuneka bafumane indlela entsha yokusombulula iingxaki ezibandakanya ulwimi lwabantu.
Iinguqu zitshintsha yonke into
Kwi-2017, a iphepha lophando enesihloko esithi "Ingqalelo Yiyo yonke into oyifunayo" ucebise uhlobo olutsha lwenethiwekhi: iTransformer.
Ngelixa ii-CNNs zisebenza ngokucoca ngokuphindaphindiweyo iinxalenye ezincinci zomfanekiso, iziguquli ziqhagamshela yonke into ekwidatha kunye nayo yonke enye into. Abaphandi babiza le nkqubo ngokuthi "ukuziqwalasela".
Xa uzama ukwahlula izivakalisi, ii-CNNs kunye neziguquli zisebenza ngokwahlukileyo kakhulu. Ngelixa i-CNN iza kugxila ekwenzeni unxibelelwano namagama asondeleleneyo, i-transformer iya kudala unxibelelwano phakathi kwegama ngalinye kwisivakalisi.
Inkqubo yokuziqwalasela yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuqonda ulwimi lwabantu. Ngokuhlehlisa kude kwaye ujonge ukuba isivakalisi sisonke sidibana njani, oomatshini banokuqonda okucacileyo kwesakhiwo sesivakalisi.
Nje ukuba iimodeli zokuqala zenguqu zikhutshiwe, abaphandi bakhawuleza basebenzisa ulwakhiwo olutsha ukuze bathathe inzuzo yesixa esimangalisayo sedatha yombhalo efunyenwe kwi-intanethi.
GPT-3 kunye ne-Intanethi
Ngo-2020, i-OpenAI's I-GPT-3 imodeli ibonise indlela ezisebenza ngayo ii-transformers. I-GPT-3 ikwazile ukukhupha isicatshulwa esibonakala siphantse singabonakali emntwini. Inxalenye yento eyenza i-GPT-3 ibe namandla kakhulu yayiyidatha yoqeqesho olusetyenzisiweyo. Uninzi lwedatha yoqeqesho lwangaphambili lwemodeli luvela kwiseti yedatha eyaziwa ngokuba yiCommon Crawl ehamba neetokeni ezingaphezu kwe-400 yebhiliyoni.
Ngelixa isakhono se-GPT-3 sokuvelisa isicatshulwa esinenyani somntu sasizenzela ngokwaso, abaphandi bafumanise ukuba imodeli efanayo inokusombulula njani eminye imisebenzi.
Umzekelo, imodeli efanayo ye-GPT-3 onokuyisebenzisa ukwenza i-tweet inokukunceda ukuba ushwankathele isicatshulwa, ubhale umhlathi kwakhona, kwaye ugqibezele ibali. Iimodeli zolwimi ziye zaba namandla kangangokuba ngoku ngokwesiseko zizixhobo zenjongo-jikelele ezilandela naluphi na uhlobo lomyalelo.
Injongo jikelele ye-GPT-3 ivumele usetyenziso olunjalo I-GitHub Copilot, evumela abadwelisi benkqubo ukuba benze ikhowudi yokusebenza kwisiNgesi esilula.
Iimodeli zokusasazwa: Ukusuka kwiTeksti ukuya kwiMifanekiso
Inkqubela phambili eyenziwe ngee-transformers kunye ne-NLP nayo ivule indlela ye-AI yokuvelisa kwezinye iinkalo.
Kwindawo yombono wekhompyuter, sele siyigubungele indlela yokufunda enzulu evumela oomatshini ukuba baqonde imifanekiso. Nangona kunjalo, besisafuna ukufumana indlela ye-AI yokwenza imifanekiso ngokwazo kunokuba siyihlele.
Imifuziselo yemifanekiso eveliswayo efana ne-DALL-E 2, iStable Diffusion, kunye neMidjourney iye yaduma ngenxa yendlela ezikwazi ngayo ukuguqula igalelo lombhalo kwimifanekiso.
Le mifuziselo yemifanekiso ixhomekeke kwiinkalo ezimbini eziphambili: imodeli eqondayo ubudlelwane phakathi kwemifanekiso kunye nesicatshulwa kunye nemodeli enokudala ngokwenene umfanekiso ophezulu ohambelana negalelo.
I-OpenAI's Cofa (I-Contrastive Language–Image Pre-training) ngumzekelo ovulelekileyo ojolise ekusombululeni inkalo yokuqala. Ukunikezelwa komfanekiso, imodeli ye-CLIP inokuqikelela eyona nkcazo yombhalo ifanelekileyo yaloo mfanekiso.
Imodeli ye-CLIP isebenza ngokufunda indlela yokukhupha iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zemifanekiso kunye nokudala ukubonakaliswa okulula komfanekiso.
Xa abasebenzisi banikezela ngegalelo lombhalo wesampula kwi-DALL-E 2, igalelo liguqulwa libe "yi-embedding yomfanekiso" usebenzisa imodeli ye-CLIP. Injongo ngoku kukufumana indlela yokuvelisa umfanekiso ohambelana nokufakela umfanekiso owenziweyo.
Umfanekiso oveliswayo wamva nje we-AIs usebenzisa a imodeli yokusasaza ukujongana nomsebenzi wokudala umfanekiso. Iimodeli zokusasaza zixhomekeke kuthungelwano lwe-neural olwaluqeqeshelwe kwangaphambili ukwazi indlela yokususa ingxolo eyongeziweyo kwimifanekiso.
Ngexesha lale nkqubo yoqeqesho, uthungelwano lwe-neural ekugqibeleni lunokufunda indlela yokudala umfanekiso onesoso esiphezulu ukusuka kumfanekiso wengxolo engacwangciswanga. Ekubeni sele sinemephu yombhalo kunye nemifanekiso enikezwe yi-CLIP, sinako qeqesha imodeli yokusasaza kwi-CLIP yofakelo lomfanekiso ukwenza inkqubo yokwenza nawuphi na umfanekiso.
I-Generative AI Revolution: Yintoni ezayo ngokulandelayo?
Ngoku sikwinqanaba apho impumelelo kwimveliso ye-AI isenzeka rhoqo ngeentsuku ezimbalwa. Njengoko kuba lula kwaye kulula ukuvelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemidiya usebenzisa i-AI, ngaba kufuneka sibe nexhala malunga nokuba oku kunokuchaphazela njani uluntu lwethu?
Ngelixa iinkxalabo zoomatshini abathatha indawo yabasebenzi bezisoloko zikwincoko ukusukela oko kwaveliswa injini yomphunga, kubonakala ngathi yahluke kancinane ngeli xesha.
I-Generative AI iba sisixhobo esisetyenziselwa izinto ezininzi esinokuthi siphazamise amashishini ebethathwa njengokhuselekile ekuthathweni kwe-AI.
Ngaba siya kufuna abadwelisi benkqubo ukuba i-AI inokuqala ukubhala ikhowudi engenasiphako ukusuka kwimiyalelo embalwa esisiseko? Ngaba abantu baya kuqesha abaqulunqi ukuba banokusebenzisa imodeli yokuvelisa ukuvelisa imveliso abayifunayo ngexabiso eliphantsi?
Kunzima ukuqikelela ikamva le-AI revolution. Kodwa ngoku ukuba ibhokisi yePandora yokomfuziselo ivuliwe, ndiyathemba ukuba itekhnoloji iya kuvumela izinto ezintsha ezinomdla ezinokushiya impembelelo entle kwihlabathi.
Shiya iMpendulo