Kule mihla, yonke into ilawulwa yikhompyuter kwaye iyilwe, ukusuka kwisoftware yebhanki ukuya kwiinkqubo zokulandela umkhondo. Ayimangalisi into yokuba ngo-2024, kuya kubakho i-28.7 yezigidi zeengcali zobugcisa kwihlabathi jikelele.
Okwangoku, kukho malunga ne-600 yeelwimi ezahlukeneyo zeprogram ezikhoyo. Unyaka wonke, imarike kunye nokubonakala kweelwimi ezahlukeneyo zokucwangcisa ziyatshintsha. Kukwakho nenani leelwimi ezintsha zokucwangcisa ezineempawu ezihendayo. Ukuthatha isigqibo phakathi kwezinto ezininzi onokukhetha kuzo malunga nokuba ungawuqala njani umsebenzi wokucwangcisa ikhompyuter kunzima.
Ngokwahlukileyo, ngaphandle kokuhamba kwexesha, i-C ++, iJava, kunye nePython azilahlekanga nayiphi na into ekhangayo xa kuziwa kwiprogram yokhuphiswano kunye nekhowudi. Ukongeza, i-C ++, iJava, kunye neelwimi zeprogram yePython zenza kube lula ukwenza nantoni na.
Loluphi ulwimi lokuprograma omele ulufunde? Ulwimi ngalunye lunamandla kunye nobuthathaka balo, ngoko ke eyona ilungileyo kuwe ixhomekeke kwiimfuno zakho ezithile. Kweli nqaku, siza kujonga kwiC++, Java, kunye nePython - ezintathu zezona lwimi zidumileyo zokucwangcisa namhlanje. Siza kuzithelekisa kwaye sizithelekise ukukunceda wenze isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi ekulungeleyo. Ngoko ngaphandle kokuqhubeka, masiqalise!
C ++
UDennis Ritchie, indoda yolwimi lwenkqubo ye-C, yasebenza noBjarne Stroustrup eBell Labs ngeminyaka yoo-1970 ukudala. C ++. Ubunakho obujoliswe kwinto C ++ zongezwa njengesandiso kwi-C. Ngokwe-TIOBE yokukala, i-C ++ yolona lwimi lwesine olwaziwayo lwenkqubo.
Iimpawu zeC ++
- I-C++ lulwimi oluchwetheziweyo, okuthetha ukuba ikhowudi ikhangelwe iimpazamo phambi kokuba ihlanganiswe. Oku kuvumela ikhowudi ethembekileyo nekhuselekileyo.
- Iyakhawuleza, eyenza ukuba ilungele ukubhala ikhowudi okanye ikhowudi efuna ukuba isebenze ngokukodwa.
- Inoluhlu lwamathala eencwadi akhoyo, anokusetyenziswa ukongeza ukusebenza kwikhowudi yakho.
- I-C++ iyaphatheka, ithetha ukuba inokuqhutywa kumaqonga amaninzi.
- I-C++ lulwimi olujolise kwinto, okuthetha ukuba ikhowudi inokucwangciswa kwizinto kunye neeklasi. Oku kwenza ikhowudi ifundeke ngakumbi kwaye isebenziseke kwakhona.
- Xa ithelekiswa nezinye iilwimi, iC++ inomnqantsa wokufunda. Nangona kunjalo, wakuba ufunde iziseko, uya kukwazi ukubhala ikhowudi ngokukhawuleza.
Amatyala okusetyenziswa
Abadwelisi beprogram basebenzisa kakhulu i-C ++ kuba iququzelela inkqubo ejoliswe kwizinto kwaye inikezela ukufikelela kwi-hardware. I-C++ ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza uluhlu olubanzi lweenkqubo zesicelo eziphezulu ezifana nezi:
Usetyenziso oluSekwe kwi-GUI: I-C++ ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza usetyenziso olusekwe kwi-GUI kusetyenziswa iindidi zethala leencwadi ezifana ne-Qt.
I-Adobe Photoshop kunye ne-Illustrator: Umhleli wemifanekiso ye-Adobe Photoshop kunye nenkqubo yokuzoba ye-Adobe Illustrator vector zombini zenziwe kusetyenziswa i-C++.
Iinkqubo zokusebenza: Ii-Windows NT, 2000, XP, Vista, kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza ezisi-7 zonke zenziwe kusetyenziswa i-C++.
Izikhangeli zewebhu: IMozilla Firefox kunye neGoogle Chrome yimizekelo emibini yezikhangeli zewebhu ezenziwe kusetyenziswa iC ++.
Java
UJames Gosling unikwe imbeko ngokuphuhlisa ulwimi lwenkqubo olujolise kwinto Java ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1990. I-Java yakhiwe kwiingcamango zokucaca, ukuthembeka, ukulinganisa, ukuzimela kweqonga, ukhuseleko, ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu, ukufundwa kwemininzi, ukuzimela kweziseko zophuhliso, kunye nokuguquguquka.
Ukusukela oko yaqalayo ngo-1995, iJava ihleli ilulwimi lwesithathu olusetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi.
Iimpawu zeJava
- IJava lulwimi lwenkqubo olujolise kwinto esebenzisa iiklasi kunye nezinto zokulawula ikhowudi. Udweliso lwenkqubo olujolise kwinto yiparadigm yenkqubo edumileyo enceda abaphuhlisi bayile iinkqubo ngokuzifanisa emva kwezinto ezikwilizwe lokwenyani.
- Ukukwazi kwayo ukusetyenzwa ngokunxuseneyo kwenza kube lula ukubhala iinkqubo ezinokuqhuba inani lemisebenzi ngaxeshanye.
- Ngabaqulunqi be-Just-In-Time, usetyenziso lweJava lunokufikelela kwimpumelelo egqwesileyo ngelixa luphethe inani elikhulu ledatha yexesha elisebenzayo elinokuqinisekisa kwaye lilamle ukufikelela kwexesha lokubaleka kumaziko ahlukeneyo.
- IJava liqonga elizimeleyo, oku kuthetha ukuba ikhowudi yeJava inokuqhuba nakweliphi na iqonga elixhasa iJava ngaphandle kokufuna ukubuyiswa.
- KwiJava, ukuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nolawulo lwezixhobo zixhaswa, ezilawula umjikelo wobomi bento.
Amatyala okusetyenziswa
Usetyenziso lwewebhu: IJava lolona khetho ludumileyo lokwenza usetyenziso lwewebhu.
Idatha enkulu: Ukulinganisa kweJava, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokukwazi ukuphatha amanani amakhulu edatha kuyenza ibe lukhetho olufanelekileyo lweDatha enkulu.
IoT: Isetyenziswa kwinani lezicelo ze-IoT ngenxa yokuzimela kwayo kweqonga, ukuqina, kunye nokhuseleko.
Uphuhliso lomdlalo: IJava isetyenziswa kuphuhliso lomdlalo ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu, ukuphatheka, kunye nokukwazi ukwenza imizobo ngokukhawuleza.
Python
Python yadalwa ngoDisemba 1989 nguGuido van Rossum, ngoko umdwelisi wenkqubo waseDatshi owayesebenza kwiZiko loPhando leSizwe leMathematika kunye neNzululwazi yeKhompyutha eNetherlands.
Injongo kaVan Rossum yayikukuyila umntu oza kungena ezihlangwini zolwimi lwenkqubo lwe-ABC olukwaziyo ukuphatha nokudibanisa inkqubo yokusebenza ye-Amoeba.
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1990, iPython yayiselulwimi olungaziwayo, kodwa konke oko kwatshintsha xa uVan Rossum epapasha ikhowudi yemvelaphi ngo-1991 waza wakhupha inguqulelo 1.0 ngo-1994. ezona webhusayithi zinkulu emhlabeni, kubandakanya iReddit, Instagram, kunye neNetflix.
Iimpawu zePython
- I-Python lulwimi lwenkqubo olucikizekileyo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba inokwenza okuninzi ngenani elincinci lekhowudi.
- I-Python ine-syntax elula kakhulu ekulula ukuyifunda kwabaqalayo.
- Xa kuziwa kwinkqubo, iPython ibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zesakhelo kunye neemodyuli ezenza kube lula ukwenza uluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi. Ngoku kukho malunga ne-137,000 amathala eencwadi ePython akhoyo.
- U kufunda o lukhulu kunye nokusetyenzwa kolwimi lwendalo ziindawo ezimbini ezongezelelweyo apho iPython isetyenziswa kakhulu.
- I-Python lulwimi olutolikwayo, okuthetha ukuba akufuneki luhlanganiswe phambi kokuba luqhutywe. Oku kwenza ukuba kukhawuleze kakhulu ukuphuhlisa izicelo zeprototype.
Amatyala okusetyenziswa
Inzululwazi yeDatha: I-Python isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwinkalo yenzululwazi yedatha. I-syntax yayo ilula kakhulu kwaye imfutshane, eyenza kube lula ukufunda nokubhala ikhowudi. Ukongezelela, iPython inenani lamathala eencwadi kunye nezixhobo ezenza ukuba zilungele ukuhlalutya idatha kunye nokukhwabanisa.
Uphuhliso lwewebhu: IPython ingasetyenziselwa uphuhliso lwewebhu. Ngapha koko, ezinye zezona webhusayithi zidumileyo kwihlabathi, kubandakanya iReddit kunye ne-Instagram, zakhiwe kusetyenziswa iPython. Ukongeza, isakhelo sewebhu se-Django sibhalwe kwiPython kwaye sisetyenziswa ziinkampani ezininzi ezinkulu, kubandakanya iGoogle.
Ukufunda ngomatshini: Ukufunda ngoomatshini lelinye lawona mmandla ushushu kwisayensi yekhompyuter ngoku, kwaye iPython lolona lwimi lubalaseleyo olunokusetyenziswa ekufundeni koomatshini. Oku kungenxa yokuba iPython inenani lamathala eencwadi anamandla, anje ngeTensorFlow kunye neeKeras, ezenza kube lula ukwakha iimodeli ezintsonkothileyo zokufunda koomatshini.
I-Web Scrapping: Ingasetyenziselwa i-web scraping, okuyinkqubo yokukhupha idatha kwiiwebhusayithi. Oku kuluncedo ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi, ezifana nokuqokelela idatha yophando lwemarike okanye ukwakha isiseko solwazi lwemveliso.
isiphelo
Iilwimi zokucwangcisa ezifana neC ++, Java, kunye nePython zingumxholo wengxoxo engapheliyo. Akukho ophumeleleyo ocacileyo kwiimeko ezininzi. Ulwimi ngalunye lokuprograma luphuhlisiwe ukusombulula umngeni othile kwaye luxhotyiswe kakuhle ukwenza oko. Ngenxa yoko, ngaphambi kokuba wenze isigqibo, yenza uluhlu lwazo zonke iikhrayitheriya kunye neenjongo.
Umsebenzi okhoyo uyalela ukuba kukhethwe ulwimi lwenkqubo. Ngenxa yoko, kubalulekile ukuba ubambe kuqala zonke izinto ezifunekayo phambi kokuba ukhethe ulwimi lwenkqubo olunokufikelela kakhulu ngaphandle kokudala ubunzima obuninzi, obufana neC ++, iJava, okanye iPython.
Shiya iMpendulo