Enye ingcamango ibambe ingcamango yababoni kunye nabaphandi ngokufanayo kwindawo ekhula ngokukhawuleza yokubambisana kobuchwepheshe bomntu: i-neural lace.
Olu nxibelelwano lwekhompyuter (BCI) lunamandla okuguqula ukusebenzisana kwethu kunye nobuchwepheshe obukrelekrele, ukutyhala imida yamandla omntu ukuya kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezingenakucingelwa.
Siza kuqalisa kuhambo lokungena kwilizwe lenguqu le-neural lace eliya kuthi liqukunjelwe kwinyathelo elilandelayo lendaleko: Neuralink.
Sijoyine njengoko siphanda indlela iNeuralink eyakha ngayo kwiziseko zeNeural Lace kwaye iqhubela phambili intsebenziswano yobuchwephesha bomntu ukuya kwixesha elitsha elinokwenzeka.
Imvelaphi encinci
Intambo ye-Neural, umdlalo wokutshintsha ingqondo-ikhompyuter (BCI), linyathelo elikhulu eliya phambili kwintsebenziswano yomatshini womntu.
Kubandakanya ukufaka umnatha obhityileyo we-electrode kwingqondo, ukwenza uqhagamshelwano olungenamthungo kunye nenkqubo yobuchopho.
Olu jongano luvumela unxibelelwano lweendlela ezimbini phakathi kwengqondo kunye nezixhobo zangaphandle.
Ileyisi ye-Neural inokuthi ivule indlela yamandla amakhulu okuqonda, unxibelelwano oluphuculweyo, kunye nonyango olutsha lwezigulo zemithambo-luvo.
Izifundiswa, abaphandi, kunye nee-futurists baye batsalelwa kwingqikelelo ye-neural lace kuba ifihla umahluko phakathi kobulumko bendalo kunye nokuqonda okwenziweyo, icacisa indlela yenkqubela phambili yenguqu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobomi bemihla ngemihla.
Ukusuka kwi-Neuralace ukuya kwi-Neuralink: Ukuhambisa i-Brain-Machine Collaboration Phambili
Ukutshintsha ukusuka kwi-Neuralace ukuya kwi-Neuralink linyathelo elibalulekileyo eliya phambili kwinkalo ye-brain-computer interfaces (BCIs).
I-Neuralink, ekhokelwa ngumrhwebi u-Elon Musk, unqwenela ukubuyisela intsebenziswano yabantu-teknoloji ngokwakha ingcamango entsha ye-neural lace.
Ii-BCI ze-cut-edge eziphuhliswe yi-Neuralink zijolise ekudibaniseni ngokungenamthungo Ingqondo yomntu ngeekhompyuter ezikrelekrele, ukwenza unxibelelwano lwe-bidirectional kunye nokuvula i-horizons entsha kwisakhono somntu.
Ngeenjongo ezinqwenelekayo zeNeuralink kunye notyalo-mali olubalulekileyo, ingqikelelo yokudibanisa ubukrelekrele bomntu kunye neyokwenziwa ithatha indawo esembindini, ithembisa ukuqhubela phambili kokutshintsha komdlalo okunokuguqula unxibelelwano lwethu netekhnoloji kwaye yandise i-horizons yokuqonda komntu.
Umbono wokuSeka kunye neQela lokuQala
U-Elon Musk kunye neqela lezenzululwazi ezisixhenxe kunye neenjineli ezikhethekileyo kwi-neuroscience, biochemistry, kunye ne-robotics yasungula i-Neuralink kwi-2016.
Injongo yokuqala yenkampani yayikukuphuhlisa izixhobo zokunyanga izigulo ezimandundu zobuchopho, ngenjongo yexesha elide yokuphucula abantu.
U-Musk wayenomfanekiso wedijithali ngaphezulu kwe-cortex, edala ubudlelwane be-symbiotic kunye nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa, obuphefumlelwe yingcamango yenzululwazi ye "neural lace" evela ku-Iain M. Banks' Uthotho lweNkcubeko.
Injongo yayikukujongana nokulimala kwengqondo kunye nomqolo, kunye nethuba lokufumana kwakhona izakhono ezilahlekileyo ngokufakelwa kwe-neural.
Inkqubela phambili kunye nemiboniso
I-Neuralink itsale umdla ngo-Epreli ka-2021 ngokubonisa inkawu edlala umdlalo othi “Pong” isebenzisa ujongano lwayo lwekhompyuter.
Nangona itekhnoloji efanayo yayikho ngaphambili, ukufakelwa kwe-Neuralink kwagqama ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo ngamacingo kunye nokwanda kwenani lee-electrode, ebonisa ukuqhubela phambili kobunjineli.
Inkampani yayifuna ukubonisa indlela unxibelelwano lwengqondo-yekhompyuter lunokwenza lula ukusebenzisana ngokuthe ngqo phakathi kwengqondo kunye nezixhobo zangaphandle.
Nangona kunjalo, ngoJanuwari ka-2022, ubunkokeli benkampani kunye neqela lokuqala batshintshile, ngabaseki ababini kuphela abasindileyo.
Iziqalo eziyimfihlo kakhulu
I-Gizmodo ibango kwi-2018 ukuba i-Neuralink igcina inqanaba eliphezulu lemfihlo malunga nemisebenzi yayo.
Ngelixa izinto ezithile zazinqongophele, iirekhodi zoluntu zabonisa injongo yenkampani yokuvula i ukuvavanywa kwezilwanyana indawo yokusebenzela eSan Francisco.
Emva koko, i-Neuralink yaqala imisebenzi yophando kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eDavis.
Umkhusane wokufihla waphakanyiswa ngo-2019 xa iqela le-Neuralink lalibonisa i-prototype yabo ihlala kwi-California Academy yeSayensi.
Ngokusekelwe kuphando olwenziwa kwi-UCSF kunye ne-UC Berkeley, esi sixhobo esiqhekezayo sasiquka iiprobes ezi-ultra-thin ezifakwe kwingqondo, i-robot ye-neurosurgical yeenkqubo ezichanekileyo, kunye nenkqubo ye-elektroniki ephezulu yokutolika igalelo le-neuron.
Itekhnoloji yeProbe ephucukileyo
Iiprobe, ezenziwe ngokubanzi nge-biocompatible polyimide enegolide ecekethekileyo okanye iiconductors zeplatinam, zikwintliziyo I-Neuralink's brain-computer interface.
Ezi probe zifakwe ngokuchanekileyo ebuchotsheni yirobhothi yotyando oluzenzekelayo.
Iprobe nganye ineengcingo ezininzi ezinee-electrode zokubona iimpembelelo zombane kunye nommandla weemvakalelo ukuze ujongane nenkqubo yombane, evumela ukukhulisa umqondiso kunye nokufumana.
Ezi probe zenziwe ngobuchule, zineengcingo ezingama-48 okanye ezingama-96 kunye neeelectrode ezifikelela kuma-32 ezahlukeneyo.
Ulwakhiwo olunye lunokugcina ukuya kuthi ga kwii-electrode ezingama-3072, lunika le teknoloji ukuqhubela phambili okubalulekileyo kubuchule bokuhlola umqondiso wobuchopho.
Ufakelo lwe-N1 kunye neMixholo Yalo: Ukufakela iKamva
Imveliso ye-Flegship ye-Neuralink, i-N1 Implant, yi-interface engabonakaliyo yobuchopho-ikhompyutheni engabonakaliyo kwaye iphantse ingabonakali kwiliso lenyama.
I-N1 Implant, egcinwe kwisikhongozeli esihambelana ne-biocompatible, yenzelwe ukuba iphile kwiimeko ezinzima zomzimba, iqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuphila ixesha elide ngaphakathi komzimba womntu.
I-implant, enikwa amandla yibhetri encinci, ihlawulisa ngaphandle kwamacingo usebenzisa itshaja ye-inductive, evumela abasebenzisi ukulawula iikhomputha okanye izixhobo eziphathwayo ukusuka naphi na.
Iisekethe ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu, eziphantsi kwamandla kunye nenkqubo yesekethe yemiqondiso ye-neural phambi kokuba ihanjiswe ngaphandle kwamacingo kwiSicelo se-Neuralink, esicacisa umjelo wedatha kwimiyalelo esebenzayo.
Imisonto: Ukunciphisa Umonakalo kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle
I-N1 Implant evela kwi-Neuralink irekhoda umsebenzi we-neuronal ngokusebenzisa i-electrode ye-1024 eyahlulahlulwe ngaphezulu kweentambo ze-64.
Ezi ntambo ze-ultra-thin, eziguquguqukayo kakhulu zibalulekile ekunciphiseni ukulimala kwezicubu ngexesha lokufakelwa kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okusebenzayo kwexesha elide.
Ukubekwa ngokucokisekileyo kwee-electrode kuvumela ukujongwa okuchanekileyo kunye nobubanzi beempawu zobuchopho, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwa iingenelo ezinokuthi zibekho zobuchwepheshe be-BCI.
I-Biocompatible Enclosure yoMfakelo
I-biocompatible casing yoMfakelo we-N1 yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuxhathisa iimeko zefiziyoloji ezifunekayo zomzimba womntu, iqinisekisa ukhuseleko lojongano lwekhompyutha kunye nexesha lokuphila.
Ukuqina kweqokobhe kuvumela ukufakelwa ukuba kusebenze ngokufanelekileyo kwindawo entsonkothileyo yengqondo ngaphandle kokuvelisa ukuphendula okungafunekiyo okanye ukwenzakala kwizicubu ze-neural ezingqongileyo.
Eli nqanaba le-biocompatibility libalulekile ekuphuhliseni ujongano oluthembekileyo noluyimpumelelo lwekhompyuter enokudibana ngaphandle komthungo nengqondo yomntu.
Imisonto enoKuguquguquka okuPhezulu: Ukuziqhelanisa neNeural Dynamics
Ngaphandle kokuba ne-ultra-thin, imisonto ye-Neuralink ibhetyebhetye kakhulu, ibavumela ukuba baqhelane kwaye bahambe kunye namandla endalo engqondo.
Oku bhetyebhetye kubalulekile kubomi bexesha elide kuba kunciphisa umngcipheko woxinzelelo lomatshini okanye umonakalo wezicubu zengqondo obangelwa kukufakelwa okuqinileyo.
Ikhono leentambo ukuhambelana nokuhamba kwengqondo kuqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okugudileyo kunye ne-neural circuitry, ukuphucula ukuzinza kunye nokusebenza kwexesha elide le-brain-computer interface.
Ii-Electrodes kunye ne-Comprehensive Neural Monitoring
I-plethora ye-electrodes kwi-implant ibonelela ngembono ecacileyo yomsebenzi wobuchopho, okuvumela ukuchaneka ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokuchaneka kwe-neural signal decoding.
Ukugutyungelwa okubanzi kweesekethe ze-neural kwandisa amathuba okuphucula ukusebenzisana komatshini wobuchopho, okuvumela ukubuyiselwa kwezakhono ezilahlekileyo, unyango lwezifo ze-neurological, kunye nokwenza ngcono amandla omntu ngetekhnoloji yojongano lwengqondo-yekhompyuter.
Ukutshaja ibhetri okungenazingcingo: Ukonyusa iNtuthuzelo yoMsebenzisi
Ibhetri encinci kwi-N1 Implant yinto entsha yobuchwepheshe, evumela ukutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo ngetshaja eguquguqukayo.
Lo msebenzi wokutshaja okungenazingcingo awenzi nje ukuba kube lula ukuwusebenzisa kodwa uphinde uphelise imfuno yeenkqubo zokutshintsha ibhetri.
I-interface yekhompyuter yobuchopho sisisombululo esisebenzayo nesisebenzisekayo sokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kuba abasebenzisi banokuphinda batshaje ukufakelwa ngaphandle komzimba.
Ukuchaneka kweRobhothi yoLwando
Ngenxa yobume bemisonto ebuthathaka, ukufakwa ngokufanelekileyo kufuna ukusetyenziswa kwerobhothi yotyando. Irobhothi yotyando evela kwi-Neuralink yenziwe ngokungqongqo ukujova imisonto ngokuchanekileyo apho ifuneka khona.
Intloko yerobhothi, efakwe kwiinkqubo zekhamera eziyinkimbinkimbi kunye ne-optical coherence tomography (OCT), iqinisekisa ukubekwa okuchanekileyo kunye nokufakwa kweentambo ze-ultra-fine.
Inaliti ekwirobhothi incinci kuneenwele zomntu kwaye ibambe ngobuchwephesha, ifake, kwaye ikhuphe imisonto, iqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokutyibilikayo nokukhuselekileyo.
Irobhothi yotyando ephuhliswe yi-Neuralink linyathelo elibalulekileyo lokuququzelela ukufakwa kovavanyo oluncinci.
Irobhothi ifaka ngokukhawuleza ukubulawa kweeprobes eziguquguqukayo kwingqondo, yehlisa ingozi yomonakalo wezicubu kunye nobunzima bokuphila obuhambelana ne-bulkier, i-probes eqinile.
Irobhothi incamathela kwilophu yokufaka, itofe iiprobes zomntu ngamnye, kwaye ingene kwi-meninges kunye nethishu yengqondo isebenzisa intloko yokufaka enenaliti eyakhiwe nge-tungsten-rhenium.
Ubuchule bayo obukhethekileyo buvumela ukuba ifake ukuya kuthi ga kwiingcingo ezintandathu, eziquka i-electrode eziyi-192, ngomzuzu ngamnye, ikhawulezisa kakhulu inkqubo yokufakelwa.
Ii-Electronics zesiNtu zokuLungiswa kweeDatha
I-Neuralink yenza i-application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) yokusingatha ukuhamba kwedatha enkulu kwi-electrodes.
Ngaphakathi kwe-chip, le nkqubo yokurekhoda ye-1,536-channel iqulethe i-256 ngokuzimeleyo i-amplifiers ecwangcisiweyo eyaziwa ngokuba "iipikseli ze-analog" kunye ne-analog-to-digital converters (ADCs).
Inkqubo idibanisa ulwazi lwedijithali ngolawulo lwesekethe yeperipheral, ijika imiqondiso ye-neural ibe yikhowudi yokubini eqondakalayo.
Nangona imida ye-electrodes yangoku, enokuthi ibambe kuphela ukudubula kweqela le-neurons kunokuba umntu ngamnye, iqela le-Neuralink lihlala linethemba, liphanda ngenkuthalo ezinye iindlela zokuphucula ukuchaneka kunye nokuqonda komsebenzi wengqondo ngokusebenzisa ukuphumelela kwe-computational.
Ukudityaniswa kwe-AI: Ukwenza i-Brain-Computer Interface
I-Neuralink ihamba phambili kwi-innovation, idibanisa i-Artificial Intelligence (AI) ukuphucula amandla okusebenza kwengqondo-yekhompyutheni (BCI).
Isicelo seNeuralink sixhomekeke kwinkqubela phambili umatshini wokufunda iialgorithms ukufunda kunye nokuhlalutya imithamo emikhulu yedatha ye-neural efunyenwe kwii-electrode ezifakelweyo.
Itekhnoloji ye-AI esetyenzisiweyo yenza ukuba iliso lexesha lokwenyani kunye nohlalutyo lwemiqondiso yobuchopho, ibonelela ngoguqulelo oluchanekileyo kunye olukhawulezayo lomsebenzi wobuchopho kwimiyalelo esebenzayo.
Ngaphaya koko, usetyenziso oluqhutywa yi-AI lunceda ekoyiseni imida yangoku yobungakanani be-electrode kunye nobunzima bokubamba umsebenzi we-neuron.
Amava e-BCI agudileyo: Ukubeka phambili ukuSetyenziswa
Injongo ye-Neuralink kukuhambisa i-interface egudileyo kunye ne-user-friendly-interface interface yekhompyutha.
I-Neuralink iqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzisi banokujongana ngokulula kunye nezixhobo zangaphandle ngokusebenzisa iimpembelelo zengqondo ngokugxila kulawulo olukhawulezayo noluthembekileyo lwekhompyuter.
Olu gxininiso ekusebenziseni kunye nokufikeleleka kubeka indlela yokuba ii-BCI zamkelwe ngokubanzi kwaye zihlanganiswe kubomi bemihla ngemihla.
Ukuqwalasela Ikamva
Ukusukela ngokuqhubekayo ukuphuhlisa i-BCIs yi-Neuralink inamandla amakhulu okuphucula ubomi.
Banethemba lokuzisa obu buchwephesha obuvela kwilebhu ukuya emakhayeni abantu ngokuvala umsantsa kwi-neuroscience-technology, eya kuba nefuthe elikhulu kwinkqubela phambili yezonyango kunye nentsebenziswano noomatshini babantu.
Abo banomdla wokuthatha inxaxheba kulingo lwezonyango lwexesha elizayo lwe-Neuralink banokujoyina iRegistry yabo yeSigulana ukuze bafunde ngakumbi malunga nokunokwenzeka kojongano lwengqondo-yekhompyuter.
Songa
Ixesha elizayo lithembisa amathuba anomdla njengoko i-Neuralink iqhubeka nokutyhala imida ye-brain-computer ye-teknoloji ye-interface kunye nokufakwa kwe-AI.
Impembelelo enokubakho yolu jongano lwempumelelo ifikelela kude kunye noFakelo lwe-N1 olumiliselwe ngokupheleleyo kunye ne-biocompatible.
Injongo ye-Neuralink ilungele ukuguqula indlela esisebenzisana ngayo neteknoloji, ukusuka ekubuyiseleni ukuzimela kubantu abaneemfuno zonyango ezingafezekiyo ukuze bavule amandla omntu ngokusebenzisa i-symbiosis yomshini womntu ongenamthungo.
Njengoko itekhnoloji yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa buqhubela phambili, amathuba okuphucula ukusebenza kwengqondo, ukunyanga izifo zemithambo-luvo, kunye nokufikelela kwi-symbiosis nge-AI kubonakala ngakumbi, kuzisa ixesha elitsha lokuhambela phambili komntu kunye namandla angenamda.
Shiya iMpendulo