Okuqukethwe[Fihla][Bonisa]
Kuye kwadalwa amafilimu amaningi phakathi neminyaka edlule asibonisa ukuthi ukuphila bekungaba njani ukube amarobhothi engathatha umhlaba.
Nakuba iqiniso lingase lihluke kakhulu kulokho okushiwo lawa mafilimu, iqiniso elilodwa okumelwe lishaywe indiva ukuthi amarobhothi athuthuke esuka kubantu basenganekwaneni emafilimini aya ezinkampanini zangempela ezimeni zezimboni nezomphakathi phakathi namashumi amahlanu eminyaka edlule.
Abantu ngabanye kanye namaqembu ezinkampani baya ngokuya bethembela kubuchwepheshe berobhothi elihlakaniphile ukuze benze inhlobonhlobo yemisebenzi yomzimba njengoba amarobhothi ehlanganiswa kakhulu nendwangu yokuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke.
Bakhuphula ukuphepha kwabantu, banciphise isikhathi sokuphumula, futhi banciphise kakhulu izindleko zokusebenza ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokukhiqiza ezimbonini.
Manje sisenkathini yedijithali.
Nokho, inkathi yamarobhothi izofika kithi maduze nje. Ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, usuku ngeke lube kude lapho uzoba nerobhothi lokusingatha yonke imithwalo yemfanelo yakho.
Sesivele sithumela imisebenzi kubasizi bethu, ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwe ukuhlakanipha okungekhona okwangempela ubuchwepheshe obusekela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana ne-Alexa noma i-Siri.
Yini iRobotic?
I-Robotics isiyalo semikhakha eminingi ehlanganisa isayensi, ubunjiniyela, nobuchwepheshe.
Kubandakanya ukuklama, ukwakhiwa, ukusebenza, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemishini eyaziwa ngokuthi amarobhothi ukwenza imisebenzi ngokuvamile eyenziwa abantu noma ukushintsha izenzo zomuntu.
Inhloso yamarobhothi ukwakha imishini engasiza futhi yeseke abantu.
Amarobhothi idizayini nokusebenza kwamadivayisi angakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi engokoqobo ngokuzimela noma ngokuzenzakalelayo eyenzelwe abantu.
Amarobhothi ngokuvamile enza imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo noma engaphephile kakhulu ukuba abantu bayifeze ngendlela efanele.
Amarobhothi emishini asebenzisana nendawo ebonakalayo ngokusebenzisa izinzwa, ama-actuator, nokucubungula idatha. Ochwepheshe bezamarobhothi kumele babe nesisekelo esihle kwezobunjiniyela bemishini, ubunjiniyela bukagesi, kanye nezinhlelo zekhompyutha.
Amarobhothi yinkambu evelele futhi ingelinye lamabhizinisi akhula ngokushesha, futhi kube nentuthuko eminingi eminyakeni yamuva nje.
Ukufunda komshini, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, nokunye ukuphumelela kwezobuchwepheshe kukwenze kwaba lula kunangaphambili ukungena kulo mkhakha.
Amarobhothi nawo asetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eyahlukene namuhla; izinkampani ezinjengamarobhothi, njengoba ziwenza akwazi ukukhiqiza izinto eziningi ngempumelelo.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene zamarobhothi?
Amarobhothi ayahlukahluka elinye kwelinye ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuma kwawo, ubukhulu, ukwakheka, imisebenzi angayenza, izinga lokuzimela analo, nokunye.
Amarobhothi angaba mancane njengo-0.2 mm (i-RoboBee) noma abe amamitha angu-200 (i-Vindskip). Angalungiswa noma asuseke, adinge ukugadwa nokubandakanyeka komuntu, noma asebenze kahle emiyalweni ehlelwe kusengaphambili, eqeqeshwe kusengaphambili kanye namakhono okwenza izinqumo.
Amarobhothi ahlanganiswe kabanzi abe yizinhlobo ezine. Lezi yizinhlobo:
- Amarobhothi ahlelwe ngaphambilini
- Amarobhothi e-Humanoid
- Amarobhothi azimele
- Amarobhothi asebenza ngocingo
Amarobhothi ahlelwe ngaphambilini
Amarobhothi ahlelwe ngaphambilini asebenza endaweni eyisisekelo, elawulwayo futhi ayidingi ukuhlakanipha okungekhona okwangempela lawula amasistimu ukuze asebenze.
Amarobhothi ahlelwe ngaphambilini yilawo okumele aziswe ngalokho okumele akwenze kusenesikhathi bese enza lolo hlelo.
Ingalo yomshini noma ulayini wokuhlanganisa wemoto kungaba izibonelo zalolu hlobo lokuzenzakalelayo kwerobhothi.
Irobhothi elihlelwe kusengaphambili lizomiswa ukuze lenze umsebenzi othile othile, futhi lizoqhubeka lenza ngokushesha kakhulu, ngempumelelo kakhudlwana, nangesikhathi eside kunokusebenza komuntu.
Amarobhothi e-Humanoid
Amarobhothi e-Humanoid yilokho abantu abaningi abakubonayo lapho becabanga ngamarobhothi. Lawa marobhothi enzelwe ukufana noma ukuphindaphinda ukuziphatha komuntu.
Amarobhothi e-humanoid ngokuvamile enza izenzo ezinjengomuntu ezifana nokugijima nokuthwala impahla, futhi ngezinye izikhathi aklanyelwe ukubonakala efana nokulingisa umzimba womuntu, izici zobuso, nemizwa.
Kuze kube manje, inani elincane lamarobhothi e-humanoid akhiwe futhi asetshenziselwa imisebenzi eyahlukene.
Amarobhothi azimele
Amarobhothi azimelayo ngokuvamile athathwa njengendawo yobuhlakani bokwenziwa, amarobhothi, nobunjiniyela bolwazi.
Ngaphandle kokuqondisa komuntu okuqondile, la marobhothi asebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngobuhlakani, futhi azivumelanisa nendawo yawo.
“Ziyakwazi ukuzimela” njengoba ekugcineni kuwumsebenzi womshini ukuthola nokusabela ezinguqukweni zemvelo.
Lawa marobhothi anezinzwa ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ezingawasiza ekwenzeni ukwahlulela ngokusekelwe ekuqeqeshweni kwawo.
Amarobhothi okuhlanza ikhaya, amarobhothi anquma utshani, ama-autonomous drones, amarobhothi osizo lwezokwelapha, nokunye kuyizibonelo ezivamile zala marobhothi.
Amarobhothi asebenza ngocingo
Amarobhothi asebenza ngocingo avamise ukuzimela futhi asebenzisa inethiwekhi engenantambo ukuze avumele ukugadwa komuntu okukude.
Amarobhothi asebenza ngocingo angama-semi-autonomous bots asebenzisa inethiwekhi engenantambo ukuze avumele ukulawula komuntu okude.
Lawa marobhothi avame ukusetshenziswa ezimweni ezinzima zendawo, isimo sezulu kanye nezimo.
Imikhumbi-ngwenya elawulwa abantu esetshenziselwa ukulungisa ukubhodloka kwamapayipi angaphansi kolwandle ngesikhathi sokuchitheka kukawoyela we-BP yizibonelo zamarobhothi asebenza ngocingo, njengoba kunjalo ngama-drones asetshenziselwa ukuthola amabhomu agqitshwayo enkundleni yempi.
Lawa marobhothi avame ukusetshenziswa ezimweni ezinzima zendawo, isimo sezulu kanye nezimo.
Yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza zamarobhothi?
Ngokwemibiko, amarobhothi ezimboni enza ngaphezu kwe-90% yawo wonke amarobhothi asebenzayo namuhla.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi izimboni emhlabeni wonke zingabathengi abayinhloko bamarobhothi, kuyilapho ukusetshenziswa kwamarobhothi asekhaya noma umuntu ngamunye kuyinto encane.
Nazi ezinye zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihamba phambili zamarobhothi emhlabeni ngo-2022:
- Ukuphakamisa, ukuthutha, ukufaka i-palletizing, ukuhlunga, ukupakisha, nezinye izinqubo ezihlobene zenziwa amarobhothi ebhizinisini lokuphatha impahla.
- Amarobhothi asetshenziswa ebhizinisini locwaningo lomtholampilo ukucubungula amasampula, ukuhlunga, ukuhlaziya, nokunye, kuyilapho egwema izingozi kubasebenzi futhi ehlisa ububanzi bephutha lomuntu.
- Amarobhothi asetshenziswa ebhizinisini lokukhiqiza ukwenza imisebenzi eyingozi noma engafuneki futhi ephindaphindwayo engabandakanya ukuphakamisa nokunyakaza okusindayo, njengasemigqeni yokuhlanganisa, ukushisela, ukupenda, ukwenza izinto, njalonjalo.
- Ebhizinisini lezokunakekelwa kwempilo, amarobhothi asetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokuxilonga nezokwelashwa, ukwenza izinqubo, ikakhulukazi ukuhlinzwa okuyinkimbinkimbi nokukude, njalonjalo.
- Amarobhothi kwezolimo asetshenziselwa ukusenga izinkomo, ukukha, ukuhlunga, nokupakisha imikhiqizo emapulazini, enze izinqubo ezahlukene zezolimo emapulazini, ukulawula ngokuzenzela imingcele edingekayo kwezolimo, ukuqoqwa kwedatha kanye nokuhlaziya epulazini, ukusebenza nemfuyo, nokunye. ku.
- Amarobhothi embonini yezimo eziphuthumayo: Amarobhothi angaphendula ngokushesha okukhulu kunabantu futhi awathintwa imizwa. Ngenxa yalokho, abaphenduli bokuqala, amathimba okuphendula izigameko, nama-ejensi okugcinwa komthetho ayabaqasha. Benza futhi ochwepheshe abahle kakhulu bokulahla amabhomu kanye namalungu eqembu lokusesha nokuhlenga.
- Ukuhlola kubonise ukuthi amarobhothi angakha izakhiwo zezitini ngokushesha okuphindwe kane kunomsebenzi womuntu, okwenza amarobhothi abe abasebenzi abaphumelela kakhulu ebhizinisini lokwakha. Bangasiza ngokuphakamisa, ukuthwala, ukwakha, ukuhlaziya kanye neminye imisebenzi eyahlukene.
- Amarobhothi embonini yokudlela neyokudla: Abapheki beRobhothi nabaphakeli bazoduma ngo-2022.
- Amarobhothi ekuhloleni nasekuvubukuleni, ochwepheshe babantu bangahamba kuze kube manje, futhi ukusekela kwabo ekuhloleni izindawo ezithile zezwe kungase kubize. Ngamarobhothi, lobu bunzima buxazululwa kalula. Angaklanywa ukuthi abe nomusa futhi acophelele kakhulu endaweni yomsebenzi kunabantu, futhi angaqoqa futhi ahlaziye idatha ngokushesha.
- Sekuyisikhathi eside amabutho asebenzisa ama-drones nezindiza ezingenamuntu emazweni ahlukahlukene. Njengamanje, ibutho lasemoyeni kanye nebutho lasolwandle lisebenzisa amarobhothi ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukene. Kukhona namahemuhemu mayelana namaqhawe angamarobhothi azayo azulazula emingceleni.
- Amabutho abantu abasebenza kwezokuphepha kanye nokugadwa basengozini yokulahlekelwa izimpilo zabo, noma abasebenzi abakhulu bangase badingeke ukuthi bahambisane nemisebenzi yamashifu futhi babavumele ukuthi bathathe ikhefu. Amarobhothi awanawo lesi sivimbelo futhi angenza kalula imisebenzi edingekayo yokuphepha neyokugada.
- I-automation yasekhaya kanye namarobhothi asekhaya ahlakaniphile: Amarobhothi ezishintshayo ekhaya asiza abantu ekwenzeni imisebenzi yasekhaya engasanele njengokuhlanza, ukugcina inkampani, ukuqapha impilo yabantu abathile ekhaya, ukucupha ama-alamu asekelwe emiyalweni ehleliwe, ukuphakamisa izinto ezilula, ukwenza imisebenzi ethile elawulwayo. ngemiyalo ehleliwe, njalo njalo.
Yiziphi izingxenye eziyinhloko zamaRobhothi?
Amarobhothi aklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nezinhlobonhlobo zezidingo futhi anikeze imisebenzi eminingana, futhi ngenxa yalokho, adinga izinhlobonhlobo zezingxenye ezikhethekile ukwenza le misebenzi.
Kodwa-ke, izakhi eziningi zibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwawo wonke amarobhothi, njengamandla kagesi kanye neyunithi yokucubungula emaphakathi. Ngokuvamile, izingxenye zamarobhothi zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezinhlanu:
- Control System
- Izinzwa
- Abapheki
- Ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi
- Qeda Abenzi
Control System
Ukubala kuhlanganisa zonke izingxenye ezihlanganisa iyunithi yokucubungula emaphakathi yerobhothi, ngokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi isistimu yayo yokulawula.
Amasistimu okulawula akhelwe ukufundisa irobhothi ukuthi lizisebenzisa kanjani izingxenye zalo ezikhethekile, ngendlela efana nendlela ubuchopho bomuntu obudlulisa ngayo amasignali emzimbeni wonke ukuze kufezwe umsebenzi othile.
Le misebenzi ingase isukela ekuhlinzweni okungavamisile ukuya ekufakweni komugqa wokuhlanganisa.
Izinzwa
Izinzwa zinikeza okokufaka kwe-impulse kagesi irobhothi, isilawuli esilihumusha futhi sivumele irobhothi ukuthi lihlanganyele nendawo elizungezile.
Izinzwa ezivamile ezifakwe kumarobhothi zihlanganisa amakhamera evidiyo asebenza njengamehlo, ama-photoresistors asabela ekukhanyeni, namakrofoni asebenza njengezindlebe.
Lezi zinzwa zivumela irobhothi ukuthi lirekhode indawo elizungezile, linqume isiphetho esinengqondo kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezimweni zamanje, futhi lithumele imiyalo kwezinye izingxenye.
Abapheki
Igajethi kuphela enohlaka olugudlukayo noma umzimba ongabizwa ngokuthi irobhothi. Izingxenye ezidala lokhu kunyakaza zaziwa ngokuthi ama-actuator.
Lezi zingxenye zakhiwe amamotho athola imiyalo ohlelweni lokulawula futhi asebenze ndawonye ukuze enze ukunyakaza okudingekayo ukwenza umsebenzi.
Ama-actuator akhiwe ngezinto eziningi, okuhlanganisa insimbi nokunwebeka, futhi ngokuvamile anikwa amandla ngomoya ocindezelwe (ama-pneumatic actuators) noma uwoyela (ama-hydraulic actuators), nakuba eza ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ukuze enze imisebenzi yawo ethile kangcono.
Ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi
Amarobhothi, njengomzimba womuntu, adinga amandla ukuze asebenze. Amarobhothi amile, njengalawo abonwa ezimbonini, anganikwa amandla amandla ashintshashintshayo (AC) ngesokhethi yodonga, nakuba ngokuvamile enikwa amandla yibhethri yangaphakathi.
Amarobhothi amaningi asebenzisa amabhethri aneasidi yomthofu ngenxa yokuthi aphephile futhi aneshalofu lesikhathi eside, nakuba amanye angase asebenzise uhlobo oluminyene kodwa olubiza kakhulu lwe-silver-cadmium.
Lapho wakha amandla erobhothi, ukuphepha, isisindo, ukushintshwa, kanye nempilo yonke yizinto ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe.
Qeda Abenzi
Iziphetho ziyizici ezibalulekile ezivumela amarobhothi ukuthi enze imisebenzi yawo.
Amarobhothi asefekthri avamise ukufaka amathuluzi ashintshashintshayo njengezifutho zikapende nama-drill. Amarobhothi ahlinzayo angaba nama-scalpel, futhi ezinye izinhlobo zamarobhothi zingaklanywa ngezizipho zokubamba noma ngisho nezandla ukwenza imisebenzi efana nezokuthutha, ukupakisha, ukusabalalisa amabhomu, nokuningi.
Izinzuzo
- Bayakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ngaphandle kwephutha nangendlela efike ngesikhathi nangempumelelo.
- Angasetshenziselwa ukumba izimayini futhi athuthelwe eMadrid Yomhlaba.
- Izinkampani eziningi zisebenzisa amarobhothi ukwenza impahla efana nezindiza nezingxenye zezimoto. Njengoba amarobhothi amaningi ezenzakalela, angakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukene ngaphandle kwesidingo sokungenelela komuntu.
- Bayakwazi ukufinyelela olwazini abantu abangenalo.
Okumbi
- Okubi kakhulu ukuthi uma isoftware yerobhothi iwela ezandleni ezingalungile, inamandla okudalula umonakalo omkhulu.
- Njengoba sonke sazi, amarobhothi asebenza ngokohlelo olubekwe kuwo. Ngakho, ngaphandle kohlelo olufakiwe, amarobhothi awakwazi ukwenza noma yini enye.
- Bangakwazi ukugcina amanani amakhulu edatha, kodwa awasebenzi kahle njengeyethu ubuchopho bomuntu.
- Kumele banikwe amandla ukuze basebenze. Abasebenzi embonini bangase balahlekelwe yimisebenzi uma amarobhothi ewashintsha.
Isiphetho
Ngokuzuzwayo okusha okujwayelekile kobuchwepheshe, indawo yamarobhothi isithuthuke kakhulu.
Esinye isibonelo ukuvela kwedatha enkulu, ehlinzeka ngamathuba engeziwe okushumeka umthamo wokuhlela ezinhlelweni zamarobhothi.
Esinye isibonelo ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezintsha zezinzwa nemishini exhunyiwe ukuqapha okuguquguqukayo kwemvelo njengezinga lokushisa, umfutho womoya, ukukhanya, ukunyakaza, nokunye.
Konke lokhu kuzuzisa amarobhothi kanye nokuthuthukisa amarobhothi ayinkimbinkimbi futhi ahlakaniphe kakhulu ezinhlotsheni zezinhlelo zokusebenza, okuhlanganisa ukukhiqiza, ezempilo nokuphepha, nokusekelwa abantu.
Ubuchwepheshe berobhothi bungene kuzo zonke izici zempilo yethu. Amarobhothi awakhuphuli nje kuphela izinga lemikhiqizo namasevisi ahlinzekwayo; futhi bakhulisa izinga lokusebenza kahle kanye nokukhiqiza kuyo yonke imikhakha engacatshangwa.
Imisebenzi eminingi eyingozi kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwabantu manje isisingathwa amarobhothi, evikela impilo yomuntu kanye nenhlalakahle.
Amarobhothi angakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi ofanayo ngokuphindaphindiwe ngaphandle kokudinga ikhefu, kuyilapho abantu bengakwazi.
shiya impendulo