Okuqukethwe[Fihla][Bonisa]
Abaningi bethu, kuhlanganisa nabatshalizimali, sebethembele kakhulu kumakhompuyutha nakubuchwepheshe kunangaphambili. Ngosizo lokuhweba nge-algorithmic, isibalo esandayo sabatshalizimali basebenzisa lokho abakholelwa ukuthi izimo zemakethe ezingcono kakhulu ukuze bacebe kakhulu.
Ukuhweba nge-algorithmic, okuvame ukwaziwa ngokuthi ukuhweba kwe-algo, kuwuhlobo lokuhweba ngamasheya olusebenzisa amamodeli ezibalo ayinkimbinkimbi namafomula ukuze kuqhutshwe ukuthengwa kwezimali okunesivinini esikhulu, okuzenzakalelayo.
Ihlose ukusiza abatshalizimali ekusebenziseni amasu athile ezezimali ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kwandiswe imbuyiselo. Yize kunezinzuzo ezithile ezibalulekile ekuhwebeni kwe-algorithmic, kukhona nezingozi ezithile okufanele zicatshangelwe.
Funda ukuze uthole konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nokuhweba kwe-algo.
Kuyini ukuhweba nge-algorithmic?
Ukuhweba nge-algorithmic kuyindlela yokuhweba esebenzisa amathuluzi ezibalo ayinkimbinkimbi ukusiza abathengisi ukwenza izinqumo zokuthengiselana ezimakethe zezimali. Isidingo sokubamba iqhaza komthengisi sincane kakhulu kulolu hlobo lwesistimu, okuholela ekuthathweni kwezinqumo ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kuvumela i-algorithm ukuthi isebenzise noma yimaphi amathuba okwenza inzuzo avela emakethe kude ngaphambi kokuba umhwebi womuntu akwazi ukuwabona.
Ngenxa yokuthi abatshalizimali abakhulu bezikhungo bahweba ngenani elikhulu lamasheya, basebenzisa kakhulu ukuhweba nge-algorithmic. Kwaziwa nangokuthi ukuhweba kwe-algo, ukuhweba ngebhokisi elimnyama, nezinye izihloko ezifanayo, futhi kuncike kakhulu kubuchwepheshe. Ikhule ngokuduma phakathi neminyaka embalwa edlule.
Ukuhweba nge-algorithmic (okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi i-algo-trading) umkhuba wokusebenzisa amamodeli ezibalo aqhutshwa ngekhompuyutha ukuze akhiphe ama-oda asekelwe kumibandela echazwe ngaphambilini ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ukuxhumana kwabantu. Ukuhweba nge-algorithmic kwaqale kwamukelwa izinhlangano ezinkulu zezezimali ezifana namabhange okutshalwa kwezimali, kodwa kamuva nje kwenziwe kutholakale kubahwebi abavamile.
Umlando
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1980 kanye nawo-1990, kwavela izimakethe zezimali ezisebenza ngogesi ngokuphelele kanye namanethiwekhi okuxhumana ngogesi afanayo. E-United States, i-decimalization, eyehlise usayizi omncane womkhaza ukusuka ku-1/16 wedola (US$0.0625) ukuya ku-US$0.01 ngesheya ngalinye, kungenzeka kukhuthaze ukuhweba nge-algorithmic ngokushintsha ukwakheka kwemakethe ngokuvumela umehluko omncane phakathi kwezintengo zebhidi nezintengo, ukwehlisa. inzuzo yokuhweba yabenzi bezimakethe kanye nokwandisa imali yemakethe.
Kuze kube ngu-1998, i-Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) yase-United States (US) yayivumela ukuhwebelana nge-elekthronikhi, okuvula umnyango wokuhweba ngekhompyutha nge-high-frequency. I-HFT ingenza okwenziwayo izikhathi eziyi-1000 ngokushesha kunomuntu. Kusukela lapho, ukuhweba ngamaza aphezulu (i-HFT) kukhule ngokuduma.
Isebenza kanjani?
Indlela noma iqoqo lemithetho ethile ehloselwe ukwenza inqubo ethile ibizwa ngokuthi i-algorithm. Ukuhweba nge-algorithmic kusebenzisa izinhlelo zekhompyutha ukwenza ukuhweba ngamanani aphezulu namavolumu kuye ngesethi yamapharamitha achazwe ngaphambilini, njengezintengo zesitoko nezimo zemakethe.
Umhwebi, isibonelo, angase asebenzise ukuhweba kwe-algorithmic ukuze akhiphe ama-oda ngokushesha lapho isitoko esithile sifika noma sehla ngaphansi kwenani elishiwo. Ngokusekelwe ezimweni ezinjalo, i-algorithm ingase inqume ukuthi mangaki amasheya azothengwa noma adayiswe. Noma kunini uma uhlelo selusendaweni, umhwebi angahlala aphumule, azi ukuthi ukuthengiselana kuzokwenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo uma umbandela ochazwe ngaphambilini usunelisiwe.
Amasu okuhweba nge-algorithmic
Amasu okuhweba nge-algorithmic izindlela ezimbalwa zokwenza imisebenzi enenzuzo kakhulu ye-algorithmic. Nakuba isu ngalinye lihlukile, indlela yokwenza ukuhweba kwe-Algo ihlala injalo. Umzila ngamunye wakhiwe ukuze uthole ukusakazwa kwedatha yemakethe yangempela evela ekushintshanisweni bese ukhiqiza i-oda lokuhweba kusetshenziswa ibhulokhi echazwe ngaphambilini yemithetho noma ingqondo. Uhlelo lokuhweba luhlanganisa zonke izici, ezifana nohlobo, uhlangothi, kanye nenani.
Isu ngalinye lisebenza ngendlela enqunywe kusengaphambili ukuze linikeze umhwebi ngokusebenza okunembile kwama-algorithms okwenza umsebenzi. Hlola uhlu olulandelayo lwezindlela ezidumile nezincazelo zazo ukuze uthole ukuqonda okungcono:
- Arbitrage Strategies
- Amaqhinga Ezibalo
- Amasu Okwenza Imakethe
- Amasu Okuhweba Asekelwe Emzwelweni
- Amaqhinga Omfutho
- Ukufunda komshini Ukuhweba Strategies
Arbitrage Strategies
Le ndlela ihlanganisa ukusizakala kwethuluzi lezezimali noma ukungenzi kahle kwempahla ezimakethe ezimbili ezihlukene. Impahla ehweba ngentengo eyodwa emakethe eyodwa kodwa ngentengo ephezulu kakhulu kwenye imakethe iyisibonelo sesu le-arbitrage. Ngenxa yalokho, ukube ubuthenge into ngentengo ephansi, manje ungase uyithengise ngentengo enkulu emakethe.
Ngale ndlela, uzoqeda ngenzuzo ngaphandle kokuthatha ubungozi. Ngenxa yalokho, lesi yisimo lapho wenza khona imisebenzi eminingi empahleni eyodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze uthole inzuzo, ngaphandle kobungozi obuhlobene ngenxa yokungafani kwentengo.
Amaqhinga Ezibalo
Izindlela zezibalo ze-arbitrage, ezisekelwe kumqondo wokuguqulwa kwencazelo, ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa ngamabhangqa. Izindlela ezinjalo zilindele ukuthola inzuzo ngokungabizi kahle kwezibalo zempahla eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ngokusekelwe kunani elisikiselwayo.
Ukuhweba ngababili kuyisibonelo se-Statistical Arbitrage lapho sibheka isilinganiso noma ukusabalala phakathi kwezintengo zezabelo ezimbili ezihlanganisiwe. Uma inani lokusabalala lidlula ububanzi obuqageliwe, uthenga isitoko esisebenze ngaphansi kokulindelwe bese uthengisa leso esivele kahle ngenkolelo yokuthi ukusabalala kuzobuyela kuleveli yako evamile. I-Arbitrage yezibalo ingase isebenze nezitoko eziyikhulu noma ngaphezulu kuphothifoliyo yayo ezihlelwe ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezihlukahlukene eziguquguqukayo futhi ezingenziwa ngokuzenzakalela ngokuphathelene kokubili ukuhlaziya nokwenza.
Amasu Okwenza Imakethe
Le ndlela yokwenza inomthelela ekwenyukeni kwemali emakethe. Umenzi wemakethe, ngokuvamile okuyisikhungo esikhulu, unika amandla umthamo omkhulu wokuthenga nokudayisa ama-oda okuhweba. Isizathu sokuthi abenzi bezimakethe babe izikhungo ezinkulu kungenxa yokuthi kunenani elikhulu lezibambiso ezihilelekile. Ngenxa yalokho, umlamuli oyedwa angase angakwazi ukwenza ivolumu edingekayo.
Ngalesi nqubo, abenzi bezimakethe bathenga futhi badayise amasheya eqoqweni elithile lamafemu. Umsebenzi womenzi wemakethe ngamunye uhlanganisa ukubonisa amanani okuthenga nokuthengisa ngenani elithile lezitoko. Lapho umthengi efaka i-oda, umenzi wemakethe uyaligcwalisa ngokuthengisa amasheya asuka esitokweni sakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, izimakethe zezimali zihlala zingamanzi, okwenza kube lula kubatshalizimali nabahwebi ukuthi bathenge futhi badayise. Lokhu kufaka ukubaluleka kwabenzi bezimakethe ekuqinisekiseni uhwebo olwanele.
Amasu Okuhweba Asekelwe Emzwelweni
Indlela yokuhweba ngemizwa ithatha izikhundla emakethe ngokusekelwe ekutheni imakethe ibuswa izinkunzi noma amabhere. Le ndlela yokuhweba ingase isekelwe kumfutho, okusho ukuthi sitshala imali ephezulu futhi sidayise kakhulu uma imakethe iku-bullish, noma okuphambene nalokho uma imakethe ikubhishi.
Indlela yokuhweba yemizwa ingase iphikisane noma ibuyisele emuva, okungukuthi iphikisane nomuzwa wemakethe. Ukuzuza okuphambene nombono wokuthi uma kunokuziphatha okuthile kwesixuku mayelana nokuvikeleka, kuzala ukukhwabanisa okuthile okungasebenziseka (ukubeka amanani engeziwe ukwenyuka kwezokuphepha osekuvele kwandile) kanye nokuthi inkunzi enkulu ilandelwa ukwehla kwezintengo zokuphepha ngenxa yokulungiswa noma okungalungile. ngokuphambene.
Amaqhinga Omfutho
Lezi zindlela zenza inzuzo ekushintshashintsheni kwezimakethe ngokuhlaziya izitayela zemakethe. Ngenxa yalokho, izama ukuthenga okuphezulu nokudayisa phezulu ukuze yenze ukutshalwa kwezimali kwesitoko kube nenzuzo. Uma kukhulunywa ngokutshalwa kwezimali kwenani, izama ukubuyela esilinganisweni noma esilinganisweni nganoma yisiphi isikhathi lapho ichezuka kukho.
Ukutshalwa kwezimali okunomfutho kwenzeka ngalesi sikhathi ngoba kwenzeka ngaphambi kokuvela kokuhlehla kwesilinganiso. I-Momentum isebenza ngenxa yenani eliphezulu lezinqumo zemizwa ezenziwa abanye abadayisi emakethe kuyilapho izintengo zichezuka kulokho okushiwo. Ngenxa yalokho, inzuzo ivela ngenxa yokuchema kwabanye ekuziphatheni kanye namaphutha angokomzwelo.
Okubanjwayo lapha ukuthi amathrendi angahlehlisa ngokushesha futhi acekele phansi umfutho, kwenze lezi zindlela ziguquke kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, kubalulekile ukuhlela ngokufanelekile ukuthenga nokuthengisa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulahlekelwa. Lokhu kungase kufezwe ngokusebenzisa amasu afanelekile okulawula ubungozi angaqapha kahle ukutshalwa kwezimali futhi athathe izinyathelo zokuvikela ukunyakaza kwamanani amabi.
Amasu okuhweba okufunda ngomshini
Ukufunda komshini ibhekisela ocwaningweni lwama-algorithms kanye nesethi ethile yamaphethini amasistimu ekhompyutha awasebenzisayo ukwenza izinqumo zokuhweba ngokusekelwe kudatha yemakethe. Leli gama lisuselwa kusayensi "yokuqashelwa kwephethini," futhi ligcizelela iqiniso lokuthi amakhompyutha afunda ngaphandle kokufundiswa ngokucacile.
Qaphela ukuthi abantu badala/baqala isoftware, bese kuba yi-AI (Ukuhlakanipha okungekhona okwangempela) ukuzithuthukisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngenxa yalokho, ukubandakanyeka komuntu kuhlala kudingekile. Inzuzo lapha ukuthi amamodeli asuselwa kuMshini Wokufunda ahlola amanani amakhulu edatha ngesivinini esisheshayo futhi azibandakanye ekuzithuthukiseni.
Izidingo zobuchwepheshe
Ukusebenzisa indlela yokusebenzisa uhlelo lwekhompuyutha, okulandelwa ukubuyisela emuva, kuyisinyathelo sokugcina ekuhwebeni kwe-algorithmic (ukuzama i-algorithm ngezikhathi zomlando zokusebenza kwemakethe yesitoko esidlule ukuze ubone ukuthi ukuyisebenzisa bekungaba nenzuzo yini).
Umgomo uwukuguqula indlela echaziwe ibe umsebenzi ohlanganisiwe ozenzakalelayo ohlanganisa ukufinyelela ku-akhawunti yokuhweba lapho ama-oda angase abekwe khona. Izidingo ezilandelayo kufanele zaneliswe ekuhwebeni kwe-algorithmic:
- Onjiniyela abaqashiwe noma isoftware yokuhweba eseyenziwe ngomumo yizo zonke izinketho zokwenza uhlelo lokuhweba oludingekayo.
- Ukufinyelela ekusakazweni kwedatha yemakethe, i-algorithm ezoyiqapha ukuze kutholwe amathuba okufakwa kwe-oda okungenzeka.
- Ukufinyeleleka ezinhlelweni zokuhweba kanye noxhumo lwe-inthanethi lokufaka ama-oda.
- Amandla nengqalasizinda yokubuyisela emuva isistimu uma isidaliwe ngaphambi kokuthi ifakwe ekukhiqizeni ekuhwebeni kwangempela.
- Ngokusekelwe ebucayi bemithetho ye-algorithm, idatha yomlando iyatholakala ukuze ihlolwe emuva.
Amapulatifomu aphezulu wokuhweba we-algorithmic
1. I-AlgoTrader
Ubuchwepheshe beBlockchain buguqula izimakethe zezimali kanye nezidingo zamakhasimende. Inkundla yabo yokuhweba ebangeni lesikhungo inika amandla amabhange, izimali ezifiselekayo kanye nezingangoba zikwazi ukubona amandla aphelele e-digital and crypto-assets.
Bahlinzeka ngokusetshenziswa okukhulu kwamaklayenti akho ngokuhlukanisa imali ngokuxhumeka kwemakethe yonkana. I-AlgoTrader ingumholi wemakethe kungqalasizinda yokuhweba nokwenza, kanye nokuphathwa kwephothifoliyo yezimpahla zedijithali nezendabuko, ngenxa yokuxhumana okungenazihibe nokugcinwa okuyinhloko nabahlinzeki bamabhange abayinhloko.
2. Kuants
I-Kuants ingeye-Financial-Tech yokuqala futhi okuwukuphela kwayo e-India Isiteji sokuhweba ngamasheya, ukuhlinzeka amakhasimende ngamanye kanye nesikhungo ngokuthuthukiswa kanye nokuzenzakalela kwamasu okuhweba nokutshala izimali.
I-Kuants ihlinzeka ngohlelo oluphelele lokubuyisela emuva lokuthuthukisa amasu okuhweba ngokuchofoza okulula kanye nesakhiwo esisekelwe emazwini esivumela abadayisi besitoko nabatshalizimali ukuthi bakhe futhi basebenzise izindlela zokuhweba esikhathini esingangemizuzu.
3. Ama-algobull
Umhlinzeki wenkundla yokuhweba enikezela ngokuhweba okuzenzakalelayo ngokuphelele kwe-algorithmic kanye nolwazi olulungele ukusetshenziswa lwemakethe yamasheya. Ubuchwepheshe benkampani buhlinzeka ngokuhweba okuhlelekile kwe-algorithmic okuzenzakalelayo okugcwele futhi akukho ukubandakanyeka komsebenzisi, okuvumela osomaqhinga nabahwebi ukuthi benze ukuhweba okuzenzakalelayo okungathandeki.
buhle
- Isivinini esikhulisiwe: Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zokuhweba kwe-algo yijubane elengeziwe elinikezayo. Ama-algorithms ayakwazi ukuhlaziya ububanzi obuhlukahlukene bezimpawu nezinkomba zobuchwepheshe engxenyeni yesekhondi futhi enze okwenziwayo khona manjalo. Isivinini esithuthukisiwe siba sibaluleke kakhulu njengoba ukuguquguquka kwentengo kungase kubanjwe abahwebi ngokushesha nje lapho kwenzeka.
- Ukunemba okwengeziwe: Enye inzuzo ebalulekile yokuhweba kwe-algo ukuthi kudinga ukuxhumana kwabantu okuncane. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuba namaphutha. Ama-algorithms ayaqinisekiswa futhi ahlolwe kabusha, futhi amaphutha omuntu awanawo umthelela kuwo. Kuyenzeka ukuthi umhwebi enze iphutha, futhi ahlole izinkomba zobuchwepheshe ngephutha; kodwa, ezimweni ezikahle, ama-algorithms ekhompyutha awenzi amaphutha anjalo. Ngenxa yalokho, amadili enziwa ngokunembile.
- Izindleko ezincishisiwe: Ukuhweba kwe-Algo kuvumela ukwenziwa kwenani eliphezulu lohwebo ngesikhathi esifushane. Ngenxa yalokho, kuqedwa amadili amaningi, futhi izindleko zokuthengiselana ziyehla.
- Ukuzenzakalela kwenqubo yokukhetha impahla: Sekukonke, ukukhethwa kwempahla, ukwenziwa kwe-oda, ukungena nokuphuma kuba nokuhleleka okwengeziwe ngosizo lokuhweba nge-algo. Ingena kwinqubo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokwenza imiyalelo. Ukuhweba kuba nenhloso enkulu futhi kube lula ngenxa yalokhu.
- Amandla okubuyisela emuva: Ama-algorithm amasha abuyekezwa ekuqaleni kusetshenziswa idatha yomlando. Lokhu kusiza ekunqumeni ukuthi uhlelo luzosebenza noma cha. Isu lingashintshwa futhi lilungiswe kahle ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni ye-backtest ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zomthengisi. Indlela yokwenza yenziwa isebenze, futhi yonke imithetho iphelele futhi ayikwazi ukuchazwa.
bawo
- Ukuncika kubuchwepheshe: Ububi obukhulu bokuhweba kwe-algo ukuthembela kwayo kubuchwepheshe. Ezimweni eziningi, ama-oda okuhweba agcinwa kukhompuyutha kuneseva. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma uxhumano lwe-inthanethi lwehluleka, i-oda ngeke lisasebenza. Lokhu kubukela phansi wonke umqondo wokuhweba we-algo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, abadayisi balahlekelwa amathuba futhi basengozini yokulahlekelwa imali. Kunezinkinga ezibalulekile zesistimu ngokuhweba kwe-algo, okungase kubangele ukuwa okukhulu kwemakethe yonke.
- Izidingo zensiza: Nakuba ukuhweba kwe-algo kusiza ukwehlisa izindleko zokusebenza, kuphinda kungeze inani elibalulekile lezindleko. Abathengisi kumele bahlonyiswe ngezinsiza ezisezingeni eliphezulu, bakwazi ukufinyelela iseva, futhi bakhe ama-algorithms asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obubizayo. Enye izindleko ezibalulekile izindleko zokuphakelwa kwedatha, okusiza ekwakhiweni kwamasu osuku.
- Ukuqonda inqubo yokuhlela: Ukuhweba kwe-Algo kudinga ukuthuthukiswa kwama-algorithms ngabahwebi. Akubona bonke abatshalizimali abanolwazi ngobuchwepheshe. Ngenxa yalokho, kungase kudingeke ukuthi bafunde izinqubo ezintsha noma baqashe othile. Ngenxa yesidingo solwazi lobuchwepheshe, ukuhweba nge-algo kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu emphakathini.
- Ama-algorithms anokuphila okufushane kakhulu: Cishe amaphesenti angu-98 ama-algorithms anesikhathi esifushane kakhulu sokuphila. Basebenza baze bafaneleke, bese beyeka ukusebenza emakethe eshintsha ngokushesha. Ngenxa yalokho, kufanele zilungiswe noma zakhiwe kabusha. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-algorithm kanye namasu kuyinqubo eqhubekayo ehlanganisa ukuqapha okuqhubekayo, ukuthuthukiswa, nokusungulwa kabusha.
- Ukuqapha njalo kuyadingeka: Isithombe esilungile sokuhweba kwe-algo ukuthi ama-algorithms ahlelwe kusengaphambili futhi umthengisi angase abe kude nekhompyutha yakhe isikhathi eside. Nokho, akunjalo. Umhwebi kufanele aqhubeke nokubheka isistimu noma yiziphi izinkinga zemishini ezifana nokuxhuma, ukuphela kukagesi, nokunye.
Isiphetho
Ukuhweba kwe-Algo imboni encintisana kakhulu lapho ubuchwepheshe budlala indima ebalulekile. Umsebenzi wokuhweba ukhula ngokushesha ngosizo lwesistimu yokuhweba ye-algorithmic. Nokho, kuncike ngokuphelele kubuchwepheshe.
Nakuba inezinzuzo ezimbalwa, kukhona nokubi ekudlalweni kwayo. Ngaphambi kokwenza ukukhetha mayelana nokuthenga nokuthengisa amathuluzi ezezimali, kungcono ukuhlanganisa amasu okuhweba e-algo nokuthatha izinqumo komuntu.
shiya impendulo