Ngezimfanelo zayo ezimangalisayo namandla angenamkhawulo wokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, i-graphene, ishidi elilodwa lama-athomu ekhabhoni elihlelwe endaweni enezinhlangothi ezimbili, lidonse ukunaka kwabacwaningi nososayensi emhlabeni wonke.
Ukufakwa kokufunda komshini kuvele njengendlela enamandla yokuvula ama-horizons amasha ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwe-graphene njengoba ukuphishekela ukusebenzisa izimfanelo zoguquko ze-graphene kukhula.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-graphene ezimbonini ezihlukene kungasheshiswa kakhulu ngama-algorithms okufunda komshini, ahlinzeka ngemininingwane ekhethekile, amakhono okubikezela, namathuba okwenza ngokugcwele.
Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthi kanjani ukufunda imishini ingase iguqule ucwaningo lwe-graphene ngokuvula amathuba abengacatshangwa ngaphambilini edizayini yezinto ezibonakalayo, ukulungiselelwa kahle kwedivayisi, nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihamba phambili ezingabumba kabusha imikhakha ehlukahlukene.
I-Graphene: Isimangaliso Se-Atomic-Scale
I-graphene, eyakhiwe nge-graphite, iyihele eliyisicaba, elinesendlalelo esisodwa se-hexagonal yama-athomu ekhabhoni.
Ukujiya kwayo kwesikali se-athomu kanye nezimfanelo zayo ezingavamile zokwenziwa kwemishini, kagesi, nezishisayo kuyenze yahamba phambili ekuphenyweni kwesayensi.
Ngamandla aqinile aphindwe izikhathi ezingama-200 awensimbi, ukusebenza kahle kukagesi, kanye nokumelana nokushisa okumangalisayo, i-graphene iwumsebenzi weqiniso omangalisayo onamandla okusebenza angenamkhawulo.
Kusukela ku-Electronics kuya ku-Biomedicine: Amathuba Angakholeki
Izimfanelo ezingavamile ze-Graphene zivuse isasasa elikhulu emphakathini wesayensi, ngenxa yamandla ayo okushintsha izimboni ezihlukahlukene.
Emkhakheni wama-elekthronikhi, ukuqhutshwa kogesi okukhethekile kwe-graphene nokuguquguquka kuvula amathuba abekade engacatshangwanga okuthuthukiswa kwama-transistors ashesha kakhulu, izibonisi eziguquguqukayo, namabhethri asebenza kahle kakhulu.
I-thermal conductivity yayo ephezulu ibonisa kahle ukuchithwa kokushisa okusebenzayo kumadivayisi kagesi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-graphene zidlula izinto zikagesi. Izinhlanganisela ze-graphene zibonise amandla amangalisayo kanye nezakhiwo ezingasindi endaweni yesayensi yezinto, okuzenza zilungele ukusetshenziswa kwezindiza, izinto zokwakha, ngisho nemishini yezemidlalo.
I-Graphene's biocompatibility and impermeability kuphinde kwasheshisa inqubekelaphambili ekusetshenzisweni kwe-biomedical kusukela kumasistimu okulethwa kwemithi kuya kubunjiniyela bezicubu nezinzwa.
Ukubaluleka KweGraphene Ekuthuthukisweni Kwesayensi
Ukubaluleka kwe-graphene kuvela ekhonweni layo lokucindezela imingcele yolwazi lwesayensi futhi kukhiqize impumelelo eshintsha umdlalo.
Ukutholwa kwayo kuholele eziqondisweni ezintsha ku-fundamental physics, materials science, nocwaningo lwe-nanotechnology.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubekelaphambili kumasu okukhiqiza ibe nomphumela wokuhlanganiswa nokusetshenziswa kwe-graphene, okuvumela ucwaningo lwezinye izinto ezinezinhlangothi ezimbili ezinezakhiwo ezifanayo kanye nezindlela ezingasetshenziswa.
Ukusebenzisana phakathi kososayensi, onjiniyela, nongoti bezimboni kuya ngokuya kubaluleka njengoba abacwaningi beqhubeka nokudalula izimfihlakalo ze-graphene.
I-Graphene ihlelelwe ukuthi ithinte ikusasa emikhakheni eminingi eminingi, iguqula izimboni futhi ithuthukise izici ezingenakubalwa zempilo yethu, ngenxa yendikimba ekhulayo yocwaningo nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe.
Ngakho-ke, ukufunda ngomshini kwenzeka kuphi? Ingabe ingasisiza kulo mkhakha othakazelisayo?
Ukwembula I-Graphene Landscape Ngokufunda Ngomshini
Ithuluzi elinamandla ocwaningweni lwe-graphene liphenduke ukufunda ngomshini. Isebenza ezimpambanweni zokuhlaziywa kwedatha, imodeli yekhompyutha, nokubonwa kwephethini.
Ngakho-ke, abacwaningi bangathola ulwazi oluhlakaniphile futhi basheshise ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sici esibalulekile.
Ama-algorithm wokufunda ngomshini ingathola amaphethini afihliwe, ilindele izimfanelo, futhi ithuthukise amasistimu asekelwe ku-graphene ngezindlela ebezingenakufezwa ngaphambilini ngokusebenzisa amanani amakhulu edatha namandla ekhompyutha.
Yembula Izimfihlakalo Ze-Graphene Usebenzisa Izindlela namamodeli
Izindlela zokufunda ngomshini zihlanganisa amasu anhlobonhlobo asiza ekuqondeni nasekusebenzeni nale nto engajwayelekile kumongo wocwaningo lwe-graphene.
Ukusebenzisa ama-algorithms okufunda komshini ukuhlola idatha yokuhlola nokunquma izici ezibalulekile, njengenombolo yezendlalelo, ukuminyana kokukhubazeka, noma ukuqhutshwa kwe-thermal, kuyindlela eyodwa eyaziwa kakhulu.
Lawa mamodeli angabonakalisa ngokushesha futhi ngokuthembekile futhi alawule ikhwalithi yezinto ze-graphene ngokucubungula amasethi edatha amakhulu futhi akhiphe ulwazi oluwusizo.
Ukumodela Okuqagelayo: Ukuvula Amandla e-Graphene
Amamodeli wokufunda womshini ziwusizo kakhulu ekubikezeleni izici nezenzo zezinhlelo ezisekelwe ku-graphene.
Abacwaningi bangathuthukisa amathuluzi okuqagela asheshisa ukuklama nokwenza kahle kwamadivayisi asekelwe ku-graphene ngamamodeli okuqeqesha kudatha yamanje.
Isibonelo, amasu okufunda komshini angasiza ekwakhiweni kwezinhlanganisela ze-graphene ezisebenza kahle ezilungele izinhlelo ezithile noma ngokuthuthukiswa kwama-graphene transistors anezinto zikagesi ezifiselekayo.
Abacwaningi bangahlola kahle izindawo zedizayini ezinkulu ngenxa yamandla okuqagela okufunda komshini futhi bathole izikhombisi-ndlela ezintsha zocwaningo.
Ukwandisa Okutholakele Ngocwaningo Olusizwa Ngokufunda Ngomshini
Ukufunda ngomshini kusheshisa ucwaningo lwe-graphene ngokunikeza ososayensi amathuluzi asebenzayo okuhlaziya idatha eyinkimbinkimbi, amathrendi okubona, kanye nokuqondisa imibuzo yokuhlola nethiyori.
Ama-algorithm wokufunda ngomshini ingathola amaphethini ahlukile noma ukuxhumana obekungeke kubikwe ngenxa yekhono labo lokucubungula nokuhlaziya amadathasethi amakhulu.
Abacwaningi bangasebenzisa lawa mandla ukuze balungiselele izimo zokuhlola, ukuziphatha kokubikezela kwezinto ezibonakalayo, futhi bathole imininingwane emisha ezicini ze-graphene nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaba khona.
Ukufunda Ngomshini Kukhipha Izibikezelo Ezinembile Zezakhiwo Ze-Graphene
I-Graphene iye yahlolwa kakhulu ngenxa yezimfanelo zayo ezingavamile, nokho, izibalo ezikhona zivame ukukhiqiza iziphetho eziphikisanayo.
Amandla endabuko e-empirical anobunzima ekuvezeni izici ezikhethekile ze-graphene.
Izindlela zokufunda ngomshini (ML), ngakolunye uhlangothi, zinikeza enye indlela ethembisayo. Indlela ye-Gaussian Approximation Potential (GAP) isetshenziswe kulolu cwaningo ukuze kukhiqizwe amandla e-ML interatomic e-graphene.
Amandla e-GAP akhiqize izibikezelo ezinembile zamandla e-athomu, ukwanda kokushisa, kanye ne-phonon spectra ngemva kokwenziwa. uqeqeshwe kusetshenziswa idathasethi enkulu kusukela ekulingiseni kwethiyori yokusebenza kwabantu (i-DFT), ehlanganisa amandla, amandla, nezingcindezi zamagciwane.
Amandla e-ML anikeza inketho engabizi nenembayo yokutadisha ukuziphatha okuguquguqukayo kwe-graphene kanye nezimo ezifana nezinqubo zokusabalalisa kanye nemiphumela ye-nuclear quantum.
Ukufunda Komshini kanye Nokuqanjwa Kwegraphene Ngokuzayo
Ukuhlanganiswa kokufunda komshini ocwaningweni lwe-graphene kunikeza isithembiso esikhulu sentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo.
Amasu okufunda ngomshini kungenzeka athuthukise ukuqonda kwethu izici eziyisisekelo ze-graphene, anikeze amandla ukutholwa kwezinto ezintsha ezisekelwe ku-graphene, futhi asheshise ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokoqobo njengoba zishintsha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufunda ngomshini kungadlala indima ebalulekile ekwandiseni izinqubo zokukhiqiza i-graphene, ukuxazulula izinkinga zokukala nokulawula ikhwalithi, futhi ngenxa yalokho kuvulwe umgwaqo wokudayiswa okusabalele nokuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obusekelwe ku-graphene.
Isiphetho
Ekugcineni, ukufunda ngomshini kuye kwavela njengoshintsho lwegeyimu ocwaningweni lwe-graphene.
Ukufunda ngomshini kuvumela abacwaningi ukuthi basheshise okutholakele, bembule izimfihlo ze-graphene, futhi baqhubekisele phambili ukuqamba okusha kulokhu okubalulekile okungajwayelekile ngokusebenzisa amandla ako okuhlaziya idatha, amandla okumodela okubikezela, namandla okwenza ngokugcwele.
Singalindela ukuthuthuka okubalulekile okuzoshintsha amabhizinisi futhi kuvumbule amandla aphelele e-graphene emikhakheni eyahlukene njengoba ukusebenzisana phakathi kokufundwa komshini nocwaningo lwe-graphene luqhubeka nokukhula.
shiya impendulo