Amavidiyo ka-Mark Zuckerberg evuma ukwebiwa kwedatha kanye no-Barack Obama ehlukumeza uDonald Trump sekunesikhathi eside esakaza ku-inthanethi?
Lawa mavidiyo awumphumela wobuchwepheshe be-AI obuthuthuke kakhulu nobuzayo obubizwa nge-Deepfake.
Kalula nje, kungenye indlela ye-photoshop yevidiyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingashintsha izinto zobuchwepheshe ngokuqeda isidingo somuntu wangempela.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kusongela kakhulu ubunikazi bomuntu njengoba ungenza noma ubani asho noma yini kuvidiyo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Deepfakes ukufunda okujulile ukudala izithombe namavidiyo emicimbi eyinkohliso, yingakho igama elithi deepfake. Ayikwazi ukushintsha ubuso kuphela kumavidiyo akhona kodwa futhi idale amafreyimu amasha namavidiyo kusukela ekuqaleni.
Umsuka we-Deepfakes
Kuyandiswa ucwaningo lwezifundo yeqe imingcele yokukhohlisa kwezithombe namavidiyo eminyakeni embalwa edlule. I-Deepfake nayo ingumphumela walolu cwaningo lwezemfundo.
Isigameko sokuqala sokukhohlisa kwevidiyo sabikwa ngo-1997. Ividiyo yomuntu yashintshwa ukuze ikhulume amagama aqukethwe iculo elilalelwayo elihlukile. Kwakuyicala lokuqala lokwenziwa kabusha kobuso kusetshenziswa ukufunda imishini amasu.
Enye intuthuko ephawulekayo yenziwa ngo-2017 lapho i-video yowayengumongameli waseMelika u-Barack Obama ilungiswa ukuze ikhulume amagama ahlukene ahambisana nengoma yomsindo ehlukile.
Ngo-2018, abacwaningi eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eBerkeley, bethula uhlelo lokusebenza olungakha i- ividiyo yokudansa yamanga kusetshenziswa ukufunda okujulile. Lokhu kwaphawula ukwanda kwama-deepfakes kuwo wonke umzimba njengoba imisebenzi yangaphambilini ibikhawulelwe ebusweni.
Ama-Deepfakes Adalwa Kanjani?
Ngenxa yentuthuko yekhompuyutha, manje ungakha ama-deepfakes kalula futhi ngentengo ephansi. Kusetshenziswa izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko ukukhiqiza ama-deepfakes.
Indlela ye-1
Kuzodingeka uqeqeshe a inethiwekhi ye-neural kuvidiyo yangempela yomuntu. Lokhu kuzovumela i- inethiwekhi ye-neural ukuqonda izici zobuso zesihloko ngama-engeli ahlukene kanye nezimo zokukhanyisa.
Ngemva kwalokho, uzocubungula kokubili ubuso bangempela kanye nobuso obufihlekile usebenzisa i-algorithm ye-AI ebizwa ngokuthi isishumeki. Izothola futhi ifunde umehluko nokufana phakathi kobuso obubili futhi ubuso obubili buncishiswe kusithombe esicindezelwe ukwabelana ngezici ezivamile.
Bese kuza i-algorithm yesibili ye-AI ebizwa ngokuthi i-decoder, ebuyisela ubuso ezithombeni ezicindezelwe. Bobabili ubuso butholwa ngama-decoder amabili ahlukene.
Ukuze wenze ukushintsha kobuso, umane nje uphakele izithombe ezibhalwe ngekhodi kwesinye isiqophi.
Isibonelo, isishumeki esiphumayo sobuso A sifakwa kusikhiphi esiqeqeshwe ebusweni B esibese sakha kabusha ubuso buka-B ngezici zobuso zobuso A. Kuzodingeka wenze lokhu kuwo wonke uhlaka lwevidiyo ukuze uthole okukhiphayo okugculisayo.
Indlela ye-2
Enye indlela yokukhiqiza ama-deepfakes yi-Generative Adversarial Network (GAN).
Kuzodingeka usebenzise ama-algorithms amabili ancintisanayo ukwenza ama-deepfakes. Eyokuqala izosebenzisa umsindo ongahleliwe ukwenza isithombe futhi yingakho ibizwa ngokuthi i-generator. Lesi sithombe sokwenziwa sinikezwa ukusakazwa kwezithombe zangempela nge-algorithm yesibili ebizwa ngokuthi i- discriminator.
Umbandlululi unikeza impendulo kujeneretha ekhiqiza esinye isithombe ngokuya ngempendulo. Ngale ndlela, womabili ama-algorithms anikeza imiphumela ethuthukisiwe ngokuphindaphinda ngakunye. Le nqubo iphindaphindiwe izikhathi eziningi kuze kube yilapho izinga elidingekayo lokunemba lifinyelelwa.
I-GAN iletha imiphumela engokoqobo ngokuphelele, kodwa inzima ukusebenza futhi idinga inani elikhulu ledatha yokuqeqeshwa namandla okwenza ikhompuyutha. Yingakho ngokuvamile kukhethwa ukukhiqiza izithombe kuneziqeshana zevidiyo.
Ezinye izibonelo ezikholisayo zama-Deepfakes
Kukhona ama-deepfakes akholisa kakhulu azungeza i-inthanethi futhi iningi lawo ngosaziwayo.
Isibonelo, kune-akhawunti ye-TikTok enikezelwe kuphela ekujuleni kwe-Tom Cruise. Amavidiyo abonisa igalofu le-Cruise noma abonisa umlingo.
@deeptomcruise Hamba! ????
Enye i-deepfake eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ilayishwe ku-YouTube no-Tom Cruise, Robert Downey Jr., Jeff Goldblum, George Lucas kanye no-Ewan McGregor. Inamaphutha athile asobala, kepha ukucubungula ama-deepfakes angu-3 kuye kwayi-4 kuvidiyo kanyekanye kuwumsebenzi ngokwakho.
Esinye isibonelo yividiyo eyi-deepfake yowayenguMongameli uBarack Obama.
Lena ikholeka ngendlela emangalisayo njengoba isebenzisa amazwi nokuthinta kwabalingisi abakwazi ukulingisa amazwi nokuthinta kwesihloko.
Manje sibona ama-deepfakes embonini yesimanje yokuzijabulisa evamile.
Isetshenziswe ukushutha izigcawu zikaPaul Walker ku-Fast and Furious 7 ngemuva kokushona komlingisi obekungalindelekile. I-deepfake yasetshenziswa kumfowabo ngokunemba okumangalisayo.
I-Deepfakes iletha ini etafuleni?
I-Deepfakes ibonakale ingubuchwepheshe obuthembeke kakhulu ukuletha uguquko kwabezindaba nezokuzijabulisa.
Uyakhumbula lapho amadevu kaHenry Cavill esuswa yi-CGI ku-"Man of Steel" futhi kwaba inhlekelele?
Okufanayo manje kungenziwa kumakhompiyutha ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa zamadola anemiphumela ekholisa kakhulu.
Manje usungakwazi ukuhlangana nokhokho bakho abangasekho kanye nabathandekayo bakho. Ungakwazi ngisho nokuhambela isifundo se-Physics esivela ku-Albert Einstein ngokwakhe.
Ngaphandle kwakho konke lokhu, i-deepfake ayizange isetshenziswe ngokuphelele ngendlela obekuhloswe ngayo ukuba yikho. Cishe i-96% ye-deepfakes ku-inthanethi ayizithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezingavunyelwe.
Inani eliphakeme ledatha yokuqeqeshwa etholakalayo kosaziwayo ibangele ukuthi babe yizisulu eziqondiswe kakhulu zama-deepfakes.
Kusenze sakwazi ukubeka noma ubani ezimeni eziyingozi noma ezisengozini futhi yingakho kubeka engcupheni enkulu kuwo wonke umuntu.
Ama-deepfakes omsindo kubikwe ukuthi asetshenziselwa ukuqola izinkampani. Ngo-2019, umuntu ozenza ongeyena wasebenzisa umsindo omgunyathi ojulile ukuze ayalele i-CEO yenkampani yase-UK ukuthi idlulisele u-€220,000 ebhange laseHungary ngokuzenza isikhulu senkampani engumzali wenkampani.
Ungalwa kanjani nama-Malicious Deepfakes?
Imvamisa, ungathola amavidiyo a-deepfake ngokubhekisisa uhlaka ngohlaka futhi ubheke izinto zobuciko kanye nokungahambi kahle.
Kodwa-ke, kuyinqubo ephikisayo futhi izinkampani eziningi zisebenza ngama-algorithms nesoftware ukuze thola ama-deepfakes.
I-Facebook iqashe abacwaningi abavela eBerkeley, Oxford, nakwezinye izikhungo ukuthi bakhe umtshina ojulile. Ngokufanayo, i-YouTube imemezele ukuthi ngeke ize yamukele amavidiyo mbumbulu ahlobene nokhetho lwase-US, izinqubo zokuvota, noma ukubalwa kwabantu kuka-2020 e-US.
Ungasebenzisa futhi izinhlelo ezifana I-Reality Defender kanye ne-Deeptrace ukuthola ama-deepfakes.
Amazwe nawo amatasa ekwenzeni umthetho mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwama-deepfakes jikelele. I-US isebenzise imithetho eminingana mayelana nama-deepfakes ngonyaka odlule.
Qedani
I-Deepfake iwumfanekiso ophilayo wokuthuthuka kwe-AI. Kuphinde kufiphaze umngcele wesikhathi esizayo, nokho, kuwusongo olukhulu ekuthembekeni kokuqukethwe kwezithombe zevidiyo ku-inthanethi.
Kuzoba nesikhathi lapho abantu bezoqala ukungabaza wonke amavidiyo aku-inthanethi futhi sizophonswa enkathini yokungaqiniseki okwengeziwe.
shiya impendulo