Okuqukethwe[Fihla][Bonisa]
Ukufunda Okujulile (i-DL), noma ukulingiswa kwamanethiwekhi obuchopho bomuntu, kwakuwumbono nje wetiyetha ngaphansi kwamashumi amabili eminyaka edlule.
Ishesha kakhulu kuze kube namuhla, futhi isetshenziselwa ukubhekana nezinselele zomhlaba wangempela njengokuhumusha okulotshiweyo okususelwe kumsindo wenkulumo kuye embhalweni nasekusetshenzisweni okuhlukile kombono wekhompyutha.
Inqubo Yokunaka noma Imodeli Yokunaka iyindlela eyisisekelo esekela lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza.
Ukuhlolwa kwesikhashana kubonisa lokho Ukufunda komshini (ML), okuyisandiso se-Artificial Intelligence, isethi engaphansi Yokufunda Okujulile.
Lapho kubhekwana nezindaba eziphathelene ne-Natural Language Processing (NLP), njengokufingqa, ukuqonda, kanye nokuqedwa kwendaba, Amanethiwekhi Okujula Kwezinzwa Zokufunda asebenzisa indlela yokunaka.
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, kufanele siqonde ukuthi iyini indlela yokunaka, ukuthi indlela yokunaka isebenza kanjani ku-DL nezinye izici ezibalulekile.
Iyini iMechanism yokunaka ekufundeni okujulile?
Indlela yokunaka ekufundeni okujulile iyindlela esetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi ye-neural ngokuvumela imodeli ukuthi igxile kudatha yokufaka ebaluleke kakhulu kuyilapho ikhiqiza izibikezelo.
Lokhu kufezwa ngokukala idatha yokokufaka ukuze imodeli ibeke kuqala ezinye izakhiwo zokufaka kunezinye. Ngenxa yalokho, imodeli ingakwazi ukukhiqiza ukubikezela okunembe kakhudlwana ngokucabangela kuphela okuguquguqukayo kokufaka okubaluleke kakhulu.
Indlela yokunaka ivamise ukusetshenziswa emisebenzini yokucubungula ulimi lwemvelo njengokuhumusha ngomshini, lapho imodeli kufanele inake izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zebinzana lokufaka ukuze kuqondwe incazelo yalo ngokugcwele futhi inikeze ukuhumusha okufanele.
Ingasetshenziswa futhi kwezinye ukufunda okujulile izinhlelo zokusebenza, ezifana nokuqashelwa kwesithombe, lapho imodeli ingafunda ukunaka izinto ezithile noma izici esithombeni ukuze ikhiqize izibikezelo ezinembe kakhudlwana.
Isebenza kanjani i-Attention Mechanism?
Indlela yokunaka iyisu elisetshenziswa ku amamodeli okufunda ajulile ukukala izici zokufakwayo, okuvumela imodeli ukuthi igxile ezingxenyeni ezibaluleke kakhulu zokufakwayo ngenkathi ikucubungula. uhlobo lwangempela lwefomu lokuqala lefomu lokuqala.
Nawu umfanekiso wendlela inqubo yokunaka esebenza ngayo: Cabanga ukuthi wenza imodeli yokuhumusha ngomshini eguqula imishwana yesiNgisi iye kwisiFulentshi. Imodeli ithatha umbhalo wesiNgisi njengokufakwayo futhi ikhiphe ukuhumusha kwesiFulentshi.
Imodeli yenza lokhu ngokuqala ngokubhala ngekhodi umushwana wokufakwayo ochungechungeni lwamavektha obude obugxilile (okubizwa nangokuthi “izici” noma “okushumekiwe”). Imodeli ibe isisebenzisa lawa ma-vector ukuze akhe ukuhumusha kwesiFulentshi kusetshenziswa idekhoda ekhiqiza uchungechunge lwamagama esiFulentshi.
Indlela yokunaka inika amandla imodeli ukuthi igxile ezintweni eziqondile zomusho wokufakwayo ezibalulekile ekukhiqizeni igama lamanje ngokulandelana kokukhiphayo esigabeni ngasinye senqubo yokukhipha amakhodi.
Isibonelo, idikhoda ingagxila emagameni ambalwa okuqala ebinzana lesiNgisi ukusiza ukukhetha ukuhumusha okufanele lapho izama ukwakha igama lokuqala lesiFulentshi.
Idekhoda izohlala inaka izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zebinzana lesiNgisi kuyilapho ikhiqiza izingxenye ezisele zokuhumusha kwesi-French ukusiza ukuzuza ukuhumusha okunembe kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.
Amamodeli okufunda okujulile anezindlela zokunaka angagxila ezintweni ezibaluleke kakhulu zokufakwayo ngenkathi ecubungula, angasiza imodeli ekukhiqizeni izibikezelo ezinembe kakhudlwana.
Kuyindlela enamandla esetshenziswe kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezihlukene, okuhlanganisa amagama-ncazo esithombe, ukubonwa kwenkulumo, nokuhumusha komshini.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-Attention Mechanism
Izindlela zokunaka ziyehluka kuye ngesilungiselelo lapho kusetshenziswa indlela ethile yokunaka noma imodeli. Izindawo noma amasegimenti afanelekile wokulandelana kokufakwayo imodeli egxile kuyo futhi egxile kuwo amanye amaphuzu okuhlukanisa.
Okulandelayo yizinhlobo ezimbalwa zezindlela zokunaka:
Ukunaka Okujwayelekile
Ukunaka Okujwayelekile kuwuhlobo lwe inethiwekhi ye-neural idizayini evumela imodeli ukuthi ikhethe ukugxila ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zokufaka kwayo, njengoba kwenza abantu ngezinto ezahlukahlukene endaweni yabo.
Lokhu kungasiza ngokuhlonza isithombe, ukucutshungulwa kolimi lwemvelo, nokuhumusha ngomshini, phakathi kwezinye izinto. Inethiwekhi kumodeli yokunaka ejwayelekile ifunda ukukhetha ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye zokufakwayo ezifanele kakhulu umsebenzi othile futhi igxilise izinsiza zayo zekhompuyutha kulezo zingxenye.
Lokhu kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemodeli futhi kuyivumele ukuthi yenze kangcono emisebenzini eyahlukene.
Ukuzinaka
Ukuzinaka kwesinye isikhathi okubizwa ngokuthi yi-intra-attention, kuyindlela yokunaka esetshenziswa kumamodeli enethiwekhi ye-neural. Ivumela imodeli ukuthi igxile ngokwemvelo ezicini ezihlukahlukene zokufaka kwayo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokugadwa noma okokufaka kwangaphandle.
Emisebenzini efana nokucutshungulwa kolimi lwemvelo, lapho imodeli kufanele ikwazi ukuqonda izixhumanisi phakathi kwamagama ahlukahlukene emshwaneni ukuze kukhiqizwe imiphumela enembile, lokhu kungase kube usizo.
Ngokuzinaka, imodeli inquma ukuthi ipheya ngayinye yamavekhtha okokufaka ifana kangakanani kwelinye bese ikala iminikelo yevekhtha ngayinye yokokufaka kokuphumayo ngokusekelwe kulawa maphuzu afanayo.
Lokhu kwenza imodeli ukuthi igxile ngokuzenzakalela ezingxenyeni zokufakwayo ezifanele kakhulu ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuqapha kwangaphandle.
Ukunakwa kwamakhanda amaningi
Ukunakwa kwamakhanda amaningi kuwuhlobo lwendlela yokunaka esetshenziswa kwamanye amamodeli enethiwekhi ye-neural. Ukusebenzisa “amakhanda” amaningi noma izinqubo zokunaka, kwenza imodeli igxile ezicini eziningana zolwazi lwayo ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Lokhu kunenzuzo emisebenzini efana nokucubungula ulimi lwemvelo lapho imodeli kufanele iqonde izixhumanisi phakathi kwamagama ahlukahlukene emshweni.
Imodeli yokunaka enamakhanda amaningi iguqula okokufaka kube yizikhala eziningi ezehlukene ngaphambi kokusebenzisa indlela yokunaka ehlukile endaweni ngayinye yokumela.
Imiphumela yendlela yokunaka ngayinye ibe isihlanganiswa, okuvumela imodeli ukuthi icubungule ulwazi ngemibono eminingi. Lokhu kungakhuphula ukusebenza emisebenzini eyahlukene kuyilapho kwenza imodeli iqine futhi isebenze kahle.
Isetshenziswa Kanjani I-Attention Mechanism ekuphileni kwangempela?
Izindlela zokunaka zisetshenziswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene zomhlaba wangempela, okuhlanganisa ukucutshungulwa kolimi lwemvelo, ukuhlonza izithombe, nokuhumusha ngomshini.
Izindlela zokunaka ekucutshungulweni kolimi lwemvelo zivumela imodeli ukuthi igxile emagameni ahlukile emshweni futhi ibambe izixhumanisi zawo. Lokhu kungaba usizo emisebenzini efana nokuhumusha ulimi, ukufinyezwa kombhalo, kanye ukuhlaziywa kwemizwa.
Izinqubo zokunaka ekubonweni kwesithombe zivumela imodeli ukuthi igxile ezintweni ezihlukahlukene ezisesithombeni futhi ibambe ubudlelwano bazo. Lokhu kungasiza ngemisebenzi efana nokubonwa kwento namagama-ncazo wesithombe.
Izindlela zokunaka ekuhumusheni komshini zivumela imodeli ukuthi igxile ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomusho ofakiwe futhi yakhe umusho ohunyushiwe ofanelana kahle nencazelo yoqobo.
Sekukonke, izindlela zokunaka zingakhuphula ukusebenza kwemodeli yenethiwekhi ye-neural emisebenzini ehlukahlukene futhi ziyisici esibalulekile sezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zomhlaba wangempela.
Izinzuzo ze-Attention Mechanism
Kunezinzuzo ezahlukahlukene zokusebenzisa izindlela zokunaka kumamodeli wenethiwekhi ye-neural. Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile ukuthi bangathuthukisa ukusebenza kwemodeli emisebenzini ehlukahlukene.
Izindlela zokunaka zivumela imodeli ukuthi igxile ngokukhetha ezigabeni ezihlukene zokufakwayo, ukuyisiza ukuthi iqonde kangcono izixhumanisi phakathi kwezingxenye ezihlukene zokufakwayo futhi ikhiqize izibikezelo ezinembe kakhudlwana.
Lokhu kunenzuzo ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezifana nokucubungula ulimi lwemvelo kanye nokuhlonza isithombe, lapho imodeli kufanele iqonde ukuxhumana phakathi kwamagama ahlukene noma izinto kokokufaka.
Enye inzuzo yezindlela zokunaka ukuthi zingathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemodeli. Izindlela zokunaka zinganciphisa inani lokubala okumele lisetshenziswe yimodeli ngokuyivumela ukuthi igxile kumabhithi afanele kakhulu okokufaka, ikwenze kusebenze kahle futhi kusheshe ukusebenza.
Lokhu kunenzuzo ikakhulukazi emisebenzini lapho imodeli kufanele icubungule inani elibalulekile ledatha yokufaka, njengokuhumusha komshini noma ukubonwa kwesithombe.
Okokugcina, izinqubo zokunaka zingathuthukisa ukutolika nokuqonda kwamamodeli enethiwekhi ye-neural.
Izindlela zokunaka, ezivumela imodeli ukuthi igxile ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zokufaka, zinganikeza imininingwane yokuthi imodeli yenza kanjani ukuqagela, okungaba usizo ekuqondeni ukuziphatha kwemodeli nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo.
Sekukonke, izindlela zokunaka zingaletha izinzuzo ezimbalwa futhi ziyingxenye ebalulekile yamamodeli amaningi enethiwekhi ye-neural asebenzayo.
Imikhawulo ye-Attention Mechanism
Nakuba izinqubo zokunaka zingazuzisa kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwazo kumamodeli enethiwekhi ye-neural kunemikhawulo embalwa. Enye yezingqinamba zayo ezinkulu ukuthi kungase kube nzima ukuziqeqesha.
Izinqubo zokunaka ngokuvamile zidinga imodeli ukuze ifunde ukuhlobana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zokufakwayo, okungaba nzima ngemodeli ukuyifunda.
Lokhu kungenza amamodeli asekelwe ekunakekelweni abe inselele futhi kungase kudinge ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuthuthukisa namanye amasu.
Okunye okungalungile kwezinqubo zokunaka ukuyinkimbinkimbi kwazo kwekhompyutha. Ngenxa yokuthi izindlela zokunaka zidinga imodeli ukuze ibale ukufana phakathi kwezinto zokufaka ezihlukene, zingaba namandla ekubalweni, ikakhulukazi okokufaka okukhulu.
Amamodeli asuselwe ekunakeni angase angasebenzi kahle futhi aphuze ukusebenza kunezinye izinhlobo zamamodeli njengomphumela, okungase kube isihibe ezinhlelweni ezithile.
Okokugcina, izindlela zokunaka zingase zibe inselele ukuzibamba nokuqonda. Kungase kube nzima ukuqonda ukuthi imodeli esekelwe ekunakekelweni yenza kanjani ukuqagela njengoba ihilela ukusebenzisana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukene zokufaka.
Lokhu kungenza ukulungisa amaphutha nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwalawa mamodeli kube nzima, okungaba kubi kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.
Sekukonke, ngenkathi izindlela zokunaka zinikeza izinzuzo eziningi, futhi zinemikhawulo ethile okufanele ibhekwe ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa kuhlelo oluthile.
Isiphetho
Sengiphetha, izindlela zokunaka ziyindlela enamandla yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwemodeli yenethiwekhi ye-neural.
Banikeza imodeli ikhono lokugxila ngokukhethekile ezingxenyeni zokufaka ezihlukahlukene, ezingasiza imodeli ukuthi ibambe ukuxhumana phakathi kwezingxenye zokokufaka futhi ikhiqize ukuqagela okunembe kakhudlwana.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi, ezifaka ukuhumusha komshini, ukubonwa kwesithombe, nokucubungula ulimi lwemvelo, zincike kakhulu ezindleleni zokunaka.
Kodwa-ke, kunemikhawulo ethile ezinqubweni zokunaka, njengobunzima bokuqeqeshwa, ukuqina kokubala, kanye nobunzima bokuhumusha.
Lapho ucubungula ukuthi kufanele kusetshenziswe amasu okunaka ohlelweni oluthile, le mikhawulo kufanele ibhekwe.
Sekukonke, izindlela zokunaka ziyingxenye eyinhloko yezwe lokufunda elijulile, elinamandla okwandisa ukusebenza kwezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zamamodeli enethiwekhi ye-neural.
shiya impendulo