Okuqukethwe[Fihla][Bonisa]
- 1. Iyini i-Python scripting, futhi ihluke kanjani kuhlelo lwePython?
- 2. Kusebenza kanjani ukuqoqwa kukadoti wePython?
- 3. Chaza umehluko phakathi kohlu ne-tuple
- 4. Kuyini ukuqondwa kohlu futhi unikeze isibonelo sokusetshenziswa kwakho?
- 5. Chaza umehluko phakathi kwe-deepcopy nekhophi?
- 6. I-multithreading ifinyelelwa kanjani ku-Python futhi ihluke kanjani ku-multiprocessing?
- 7. Bayini abahlobisi futhi basetshenziswa kanjani kuPython?
- 8. Chaza umehluko phakathi kwama-*args kanye nama-*kwargs?
- 9. Ungaqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi umsebenzi ungabizwa kanye kuphela usebenzisa abahlobisi?
- 10. Ifa lisebenza kanjani ePython?
- 11. Iyini indlela yokulayisha ngokweqile nokweqa?
- 12. Chaza umqondo we-polymorphism ngesibonelo.
- 13. Chaza umehluko phakathi kwesibonelo, ikilasi, nezindlela ezimile.
- 14. Chaza ukuthi isethi yePython isebenza kanjani ngaphakathi.
- 15. Isichazamazwi sisetshenziswa kanjani kuPython?
- 16. Chaza izinzuzo zokusebenzisa ama-tuples anegama.
- 17. Isebenza kanjani i-try-ngaphandle block?
- 18. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezitatimende zokuphakamisa kanye nokugomela?
- 19. Ufunda futhi ubhale kanjani idatha kusuka kufayela kanambambili kuPython?
- 20. Chaza isitatimende esinesitatimende kanye nobuhle baso lapho usebenza nefayela I/O.
- 21. Ungayakha kanjani imojula ye-singleton kuPython?
- 22. Yisho izindlela ezimbalwa zokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwememori kusikripthi sePython.
- 23. Ungawakhipha kanjani wonke amakheli e-imeyili ochungechungeni olunikeziwe usebenzisa i-regex?
- 24. Chaza iphethini yedizayini yeFactory nokusebenzisa kwayo kuPython
- 25. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-iterator nejeneretha?
- 26. Usebenza kanjani umhlobisi we-@property?
- 27. Ungayidala kanjani i-REST API eyisisekelo kuPython?
- 28. Chaza ukuthi usetshenziswa kanjani umtapo wolwazi wezicelo ukwenza isicelo se-HTTP POST.
- 29. Ungaxhuma kanjani kusizindalwazi se-PostgreSQL usebenzisa iPython?
- 30. Ithini indima yama-ORM kuPython futhi uqambe edumile?
- 31. Ungasiphrofayilisa kanjani iskripthi sePython?
- 32. Chaza i-GIL (Global Interpreter Lock) ku-CPython
- 33. Chaza i-async/ait yePython. Ihluke kanjani ekucupheni kwendabuko?
- 34. Chaza ukuthi ungalisebenzisa kanjani ikusasa lePython ngesikhathi esifanayo.
- 35. Qhathanisa i-Django neFlask mayelana nekesi lokusetshenziswa kanye nokukala.
- Isiphetho
Esikhathini lapho ubuchwepheshe bukhona kuzo zonke izici zempilo yethu, Python scripting kuvela njengengxenye ebalulekile yengqalasizinda ye-IT enkulukazi futhi eyinkimbinkimbi, ingenisa ipharadigm yokusebenzisa kalula nokuba wusizo.
Amandla ePython awahlali nje kuphela ekululameni nasekufundekeni kwawo kodwa futhi nasekuguquleni kwawo, okuyivumela ukuthi ivale igebe phakathi kokubhalwa kweskripthi okunengozi ephansi, yabaqalayo nezinga eliphezulu, ukuthuthukiswa kwesoftware yezinga lebhizinisi kalula.
Imitapo yolwazi ebanzi ye-Python kanye nezinhlaka zivula indlela ye-adventure yobuchwepheshe ewuketshezi, ecatshangwayo, noma ngabe isezindaweni zokuhlaziya idatha, ukuthuthukiswa kwewebhu, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, noma amaseva enethiwekhi.
Ngaphezu kokuba yithuluzi lokuxazulula izinkinga, i-Python iphinde ikhuthaze isimo lapho ukuqanjwa kabusha kungamukelwa kuphela kodwa futhi kuhlanganiswa ngokwemvelo ngenxa yemitapo yolwazi yayo emikhulu nezinhlaka, njenge-Django yokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu noma i-Pandas yokuhlaziywa kwedatha.
Ezweni lapho idatha iyinkosi, iPython inikeza amathuluzi anamandla okukhohlisa, ukuhlaziya, kanye ukubona idatha, okuholela emibonweni engasebenza kanye nokukhetha kwamasu okuyisiqondiso.
I-Python ayilona nje ulimi lokuhlela; futhi umphakathi othuthukayo, isikhungo lapho abathuthukisi, ososayensi bedatha, nabashisekeli bezobuchwepheshe behlangana ndawonye ukuze basungule, badale, futhi bayise imboni ye-IT ezingeni elilandelayo.
Abathuthukisi bePython bafunwa amabhizinisi abo bonke osayizi, kusukela kwabasafufusa kuya ezinhlanganweni ezisungulwe kahle, njengezisusa zokuqamba izinto ezintsha, ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo, kanye nenkonzo yamakhasimende ethuthukisiwe.
Ukwengeza, imvelo yomthombo ovulekile ikhuthaza isiko lokufunda ngokuhlanganyela nokukhula ngokubambisana, okuqinisekisa ukuthi izoqhubeka nokuthuthuka nomhlaba wezobuchwepheshe oshintsha ngokushesha.
I-Learning Python ngo-2023 iwutshalomali olimini oluthembisa ukuhlala lwamanje, luvumelana nezimo, futhi lubalulekile ekulawuleni ama-ebbs nokugeleza kobuchwepheshe.
Inikeza ukufinyelela emikhakheni ye ukufunda imishini, izibalo zedatha, i-cybersecurity, nokunye, konke okubalulekile ekulolongeni inkathi yedijithali.
Ngakho-ke, sikuhlanganisele uhlu lwemibuzo engcono kakhulu yenhlolokhono ye-Python scripting, ezokwenza ukwazi ukugqama njengonjiniyela futhi wenze inhlolokhono.
1. Iyini i-Python scripting, futhi ihluke kanjani kuhlelo lwePython?
I-Python yaziwa ngokuzivumelanisa nezimo futhi inikeza kokubili amakhono okubhala nezinhlelo, ngalinye lifanele imisebenzi ethile nezinjongo.
I-Python scripting ngokuyisisekelo iyinqubo yokubhala imibhalo emifushane, esebenza kahle kakhulu ehloselwe ukuphatha amafayela, izinqubo eziphindaphindwayo ngokuzenzakalela, noma imibono ye-prototype ngokushesha.
Lezi zikripthi, ezivame ukuzimela zodwa, zenza uhlu lwezenzo ngokulandelana kwazo.
Ukuhlelwa kwePython, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuqhubekela phambili, kugcizelela ukwakhiwa kwezinhlelo ezinkulu, eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezinekhodi ehlelekile kusetshenziswa imitapo yolwazi, izinhlaka, kanye nezinqubo ezihamba phambili.
Nakuba zombili zivela olimini olufanayo, ukubhala zenza kube lula futhi kuzenzekele kuyilapho ukuhlela kudala futhi kusungula. Lo mehluko ungabonakala kububanzi nemigomo yesiyalo ngasinye.
2. Kusebenza kanjani ukuqoqwa kukadoti wePython?
Isici esibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphathwa okusebenzayo kwenkumbulo uhlelo lwePython lokuqoqa udoti.
Isebenza ngokuzikhandla ngemuva ukuze ivikele izinsiza zesistimu ekuchithweni ukuvuza kwenkumbulo. Le ndlela yokuzenzakalela isekelwe kakhulu endleleni yokubala ireferensi, lapho into ngayinye igcina umkhondo wokuthi zingaki ezinye izinto eziyireferensi.
Le nto iba ikhandidethi lokufuna kabusha inkumbulo uma lesi sibalo sehlela ku-0, okubonisa ukuthi into ayisadingeki.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iPython isebenzisa umqoqi kadoti ojikelezayo, okungase kuphuthelwe indlela elula yokubala ireferensi, ukuthola nokucacisa imijikelezo yereferensi.
Ngakho, ukubala kwereferensi kanye ne-cyclic yokuqoqa udoti isu elinezingqimba ezimbili kunikeza ukusetshenziswa ngokucophelela nangempumelelo kwenkumbulo, ukuqinisa ukusebenza kwePython, ikakhulukazi kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhumbula inkumbulo.
Isampula yekhodi elula ekhombisa indlela yokusebenzisana nohlelo lwePython lokuqoqa udoti lunikezwe ngezansi:
Izinto ezimbili zikhiqizwa kule ngcaphuno futhi kubhekiselwa kuzo ukuze kusungulwe umjikelezo. Umqoqi kadoti ube esecushwa mathupha kusetshenziswa i-gc.collect(), okubonisa ukuthi abahleli bezinhlelo bangasebenzisana kanjani nendlela yokuphatha inkumbulo ye-Python njengoba kudingeka.
3. Chaza umehluko phakathi kohlu ne-tuple
Uhlu nama-tuples yiziqukathi ezisebenzayo zedatha emhlabeni wePython, kodwa zinezici ezihlukile ezihlangabezana nezinjongo ezihlukene zokuhlela.
Uhlu, olukhonjwa ngabakaki abayisikwele, lunika amandla ukuguquguquka ngokuvumela ukushintsha nokushintsha usayizi wezingxenye zalo.
I-tuple efakwe kubakaki, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayiguquleki futhi igcina isimo sayo sokuqala ngenkathi umsebenzi wenziwe.
Ama-Tuples anikeza ukulandelana okuqinile, okungaguquki kuyilapho izinhlu zinikeza ukuguquguquka, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene ekucubunguleni nasekuguquleni idatha.
Nakhu okuncane Ikhodi yePython isampula ebonisa indlela yokusebenzisa kokubili izinhlu nama-tuples:
4. Kuyini ukuqondwa kohlu futhi unikeze isibonelo sokusetshenziswa kwakho?
Ukuqonda kohlu kuyindlela ephumelelayo necacile yokudala uhlu ku-Python oluhlanganisa amandla okucabanga okunemibandela futhi lungene emugqeni owodwa, oqondakalayo wekhodi.
Banikeza i-syntax eyenziwe lula yokuguqula izinhloso zethu zibe uhlu, okuhlanganisa ukuphindaphinda nokuba nemibandela ibe isakhiwo esisodwa, esicwengisisiwe.
Uhlu lokuqonda ngokuyisisekelo lunikeza abahleli bezinhlelo ikhono lokudala uhlu ngokwenza imisebenzi kulungu ngalinye futhi mhlawumbe ngokuyihlunga kuye ngemibandela ethile, konke kuyilapho begcina i-codebase ehlelekile.
Lesi sici esicacisayo sihlanganisa ukusebenza kahle nokucaca kuhlelo lwePython ngokuthuthukisa ukufundeka kuyilapho kungenzeka sinikeze izinzuzo zekhompiyutha kwezinye izimo.
Umfanekiso wokuqonda kohlu lwePython uboniswa ngezansi:
5. Chaza umehluko phakathi kwe-deepcopy nekhophi?
Ukujula nobuqotho bezinto eziyimpinda kunquma umehluko phakathi deepcopy
futhi copy
ePython.
Ngokwenza into entsha ngenkathi ugcina izinkomba zezinto ezibekwe esidlekeni, a copy
idala umfanekiso ongajulile ohlanganisa iziphetho zabo kuwebhu yokuncikana.
Deepcopy
idala i-clone ezimele ngokuphelele ngokukopisha ngokuphindiwe into yokuqala nazo zonke izingxenye zayo ze-hierarchical, inqamule konke ukuxhumana nokugcina ukuzimela ezinguqukweni.
Ngakho-ke, kuye ngezinga elidingekayo lokuzimela kwento, deepcopy
iqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kabusha okuphelele kanti ikhophi ivele inikeze ukuphindaphinda kwezinga eliphezulu.
Nansi ikhodi ukukhombisa ukuthi kanjani copy
futhi deepcopy
ziyahlukahluka komunye nomunye:
6. I-multithreading ifinyelelwa kanjani ku-Python futhi ihluke kanjani ku-multiprocessing?
I-Python's multiprocessing kanye ne-multithreading kokubili ukusetshenziswa kwekheli ngesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa kusetshenziswa ama-paradigms ahlukene.
Ngokusebenzisa imicu eminingi ngaphakathi kwenqubo eyodwa, i-multithreading inika amandla ukwenziwa komsebenzi ngesikhathi esisodwa ngaphakathi kwendawo yenkumbulo eyabelwe.
Kodwa-ke, ukukhishwa kwentambo okuhambisanayo kwangempela kungase kube nzima ukukufeza ngenxa ye-Python's Global Interpreter Lock (GIL).
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-multiprocessing isebenzisa izinqubo ezimbalwa, ngayinye inotolika ohlukile wePython nendawo yenkumbulo, okuqinisekisa ukufana kweqiniso.
Emisebenzini ye-I/O-bound, ukufunda okuningi kulula futhi kuyasebenziseka, kodwa ukucubungula okuningi kuyadlula zonke ezimweni eziboshelwe yi-CPU lapho ukufakwa okuhambisanayo kwangempela kubalulekile.
Nali isampula yekhodi emfushane eqhathanisa ukwenza okuningi ngokuqhathaniswa nokuhlanganisa okuningi:
7. Bayini abahlobisi futhi basetshenziswa kanjani kuPython?
E-Python, abahlobisi bahlanganisa ngobuchule ukuba wusizo nokuba lula kuyilapho bengeza ngobuqili noma beshintsha imisebenzi.
Cabanga ngabahlobisi njengeveyili emboza kahle umsebenzi, enezela emandleni ayo ngaphandle kokushintsha imvelo yawo ebalulekile.
Lezi zinhlangano, ezikhonjwa ngophawu @
, yamukela umsebenzi njengokufakwayo bese ukhipha umsebenzi omusha ngokuphelele, onikeza izindlela ezingenazihibe zokushintsha ukuziphatha komsebenzi.
Abahlobisi banikeza izici eziningi ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ekugawulweni kwemithi kuya ekulawuleni ukufinyelela, bathuthukisa ikhodi ngezendlalelo ezintsha kuyilapho begcina i-syntax ecacile, eqondakalayo.
Nasi isibonelo esilula sekhodi yePython esibonisa ukuthi abahlobisi basetshenziswa kanjani:
8. Chaza umehluko phakathi kwama-*args kanye nama-*kwargs?
Imingcele yePython eguquguqukayo *args
futhi **kwargs
vumela imisebenzi ukuthi ithathe kahle uhla lwama-agumenti.
Umsebenzi ungamukela noma yiliphi inani lama-agumenti okumisa usebenzisa i- *args
ipharamitha, ezihlanganisa zibe i-tuple.
Ngokuphambene, umsebenzi ungamukela noma iyiphi inombolo yezimpikiswano zegama elingukhiye kusetshenziswa i- **kwargs
ipharamitha, ezihlanganisa zibe isichazamazwi.
Zombili zisebenza njengeziteshi ze-dynamism kanye nokuguquguquka ekwakhiweni komsebenzi nokubiza, **kwargs
inikeza indlela ehlelekile yokuphatha inani elingenamthetho lokufakwa kwamagama angukhiye ngenkathi *args
iphatha kahle okokufaka okungachaziwe.
Ndawonye, bathuthukisa ukuguquguquka nokuqina kwemisebenzi yePython ngokuphatha ngekhono nangokucacile uhla olubanzi lwezimo zohlelo.
Isibonelo sekhodi yePython esebenzisa *args
futhi **kwargs
inikezwe ngezansi:
9. Ungaqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi umsebenzi ungabizwa kanye kuphela usebenzisa abahlobisi?
Abahlobisi be-Python banekhono lokuhlanganisa ukusebenza kahle nobuhle, okudingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubunye bomsebenzi ekusebenzeni.
Kungenzeka ukuklama umhlobisi ukuze avale umsebenzi futhi ugcine umkhondo walolu lwazi ngaphakathi ngokugcina isimo sangaphakathi.
Umsebenzi ohlanganisiwe ubizwa kanye, futhi wenziwe, futhi umhlobisi urekhoda ucingo. Izingcingo ezilandelayo ziyavinjwa, kuvikela umsebenzi ekubulaweni okuphindaphindiwe ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi ayiphazanyiswa.
Ngosizo lwalolu hlelo lokusebenza lwabahlobisi, izingcingo zokusebenza zingalawulwa ngendlela ecashile kodwa ephumelelayo, eqinisekisa ukuhluka ngendlela enhle futhi engabonakali.
Nasi isampula yekhodi ukukhombisa ukuthi abahlobisi bangasetshenziswa kanjani ukukhawulela inani lezikhathi umsebenzi ongabizwa ngazo:
10. Ifa lisebenza kanjani ePython?
Uhlelo lwefa lwe-Python ludala iwebhu yezixhumanisi ze-hierarchical phakathi kwamakilasi, okuvumela izici nemisebenzi evela kusigaba sabazali ukuthi yabiwe nenzalo yaso.
Iphatha uhlu oluvumela amakilasi esuselwe (ingane) ukuthi athathe ifa, ashintshe, noma engeze ukusebenza kusukela kuzigaba zawo eziyisisekelo (zomzali), ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwekhodi kanye nomklamo onengqondo, wesigaba.
Ikilasi lengane lingethula izici zalo eziyingqayizivele nokuziphatha ngaphezu kwamakhono okumunca avela kumzali wayo, lidale imodeli yento eqinile, enezendlalelo eziningi.
Ngale ndlela, ifa lasabalalisa ngekhono ukusebenza kuyo yonke imithambo yesigaba sesigaba, kudala ukwakheka okuhlangene, okuhleleke kahle okugxile entweni.
Ikhodi yePython elandelayo eyenziwe lula ibonisa ifa:
11. Iyini indlela yokulayisha ngokweqile nokweqa?
Amatshe egumbi amabili we uHlelo oluqondiswe entweni, indlela yokulayisha ngokweqile kanye nokweqa indlela, yenza abathuthukisi bakwazi ukusebenzisa igama lendlela efanayo ngezinjongo ezimbalwa.
Indlela eyodwa ingamukela izinhlobo zedatha ehlukahlukene nokubalwa kwempikiswano ngokuba namasiginesha amaningi ngenxa yokulayisha ngokweqile kwendlela.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukweqa indlela kuvumela isigaba esingaphansi ukuthi sengeze ukuqaliswa kwaso okukhethekile endleleni esivele ichazwe ekilasini labazali bayo, okuqinisekisa ukuthi inguqulo yengane ibizwa.
Ngokuhlangene, lawa maqhinga athuthukisa ukuguquguquka ngokuvumela indlela yokuziphatha encike kumongo kanye nezidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza.
Nasi isampula yekhodi eyisibonelo somibili imiqondo:
12. Chaza umqondo we-polymorphism ngesibonelo.
I-Polymorphism iwumkhuba wokusebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo esisodwa sezinhlobo ezahlukene zedatha.
Lo mbono uqinisekisa ukuguquguquka nokunwebeka ekwakhiweni ngokunikeza izindlela inkululeko yokucubungula izinto ngezindlela eziningi ngokuya ngohlobo lwazo lwangaphakathi noma isigaba.
Empeleni, i-polymorphism inika amandla ukusebenzisana okuhlangene ngenkathi igcina ukuziphatha okuhlukile ngokuvumela izinto zezigaba ezihlukene ukuthi zibhekwe njengezimo zesigaba esifanayo ngefa.
Lesi sici esiguqukayo sikhuthaza ukuba lula kwekhodi ngokuvumela umsebenzi owodwa noma u-opharetha ukuthi ahlanganyele nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Nasi isampula yekhodi ecacile ebonisa i-polymorphism:
13. Chaza umehluko phakathi kwesibonelo, ikilasi, nezindlela ezimile.
Isibonelo, ikilasi, kanye nezindlela ezimile zonke zinezindlela zazo ezihlukile zokuxhumana nento kanye nedatha yekilasi kuPython.
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu, izindlela zesibonelo, zisebenza kudatha yesibonelo sekilasi futhi zithatha njengokufaka isibonelo sekilasi, ngokuvamile esibizwa ngokuthi ngokwakho.
Ikilasi ngokwalo (elivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-cls) lamukelwa njengengxabano ngezindlela zekilasi, ezichazwa ngokuthi @classmethod, futhi zikhohlisa idatha yezinga lekilasi.
Izindlela ezimile, eziboniswa uphawu lwe-hashi elithi @staticmethod, azithinti isigaba noma izimo zesibonelo njengoba ziyimisebenzi ezimele equkethwe ngaphakathi kwekilasi futhi azithathi wena noma ama-cls njengepharamitha yokuqala.
Ngenxa yokuthi uhlobo ngalunye lwendlela lunikeza ukufinyelela okuhlukile kanye nokusetshenziswa, izakhiwo ezigxile entweni ziyaguquguquka futhi zinembile.
Njengesibonelo solunye lwalezi zinhlobo zendlela ngekhodi:
14. Chaza ukuthi isethi yePython isebenza kanjani ngaphakathi.
Okwangaphakathi ukwakheka kwedatha ebizwa ngokuthi i-hashtable isetshenziswa isethi yePython, okuyiqoqo elingahlelekile lezingxenye ezihlukile, ukwenza imisebenzi enamandla nephumelelayo.
I-Python isebenzisa umsebenzi we-hashi ukuze ilawule ngokushesha futhi ithole idatha lapho into yengezwa kusethi, iguqule isici sibe inani le-hashi elibe selichaza indawo yalo kumemori.
Ngokulungiselela ukuhlolwa kobulungu okusheshayo nokususa okufakiwe okuyimpinda, le nqubo yenza isiqiniseko sokuthi yonke into kusethi ihlukile futhi ifinyeleleka kalula.
Ngakho-ke, i-architecture yamasethi ijwayele ukuthuthukisa imisebenzi efana nezinyunyana, ukuwela, nokwehluka, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwedatha encane, esebenzayo.
Nasi ucezu lwekhodi olukhombisa ukuthi ungaxhumana kanjani nesethi yePython kalula:
15. Isichazamazwi sisetshenziswa kanjani kuPython?
I-hashtable isebenza njengesisekelo sesichazamazwi ku-Python futhi ivumela ukubuyiswa kwedatha ngokushesha kanye nokukhohlisa. Izichazamazwi zingamaqoqo aguqukayo, angahlelekile wamapheya enani elingukhiye.
I-Python isebenzisa umsebenzi we-hashi ukubala i-hashi yokhiye lapho kukhishwa ipheya lenani elingukhiye, ithola indawo yekheli lesitoreji senani kumemori.
Njengoba umsebenzi we-hashi ukhomba ngokushesha umhumushi ekhelini lememori, lo mklamo unikeza ukufinyelela okusheshayo kudatha ngokusekelwe kokhiye futhi usebenza kahle ngokumangalisayo ekubuyiseni, ekufakeni, nasekususeni imisebenzi.
Ama-Devs angaphatha idatha kalula nangempumelelo ngenxa yenhlanganisela ehehayo yesivinini nokuguquguquka okuhlinzekwa yizichazamazwi ze-Python.
Uhlu olungezansi yisampula yekhodi ekhombisa ukuthi usetshenziswa kanjani isichazamazwi sePython:
16. Chaza izinzuzo zokusebenzisa ama-tuples anegama.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-tuples aqanjwe igama ku-Python kuhlanganisa ngekhono ukuvezwa kwamakilasi nobulula bama-tuple, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwedatha encane, ezichazayo.
I-tuple yendabuko inwetshwa ngama-tuples aqanjwe igama, agcina ukungaguquki nokusebenza kahle kwenkumbulo yama-tuple ngenkathi yengeza izinkambu eziqanjwe igama ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukufundeka kwekhodi nokuzichaza.
Ama-tuples aqanjwe amagama akhuthaza ikhodi ecacile, eqondakalayo, nedlalayo ngokusungula izinto eziqondile, ezingasindi ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izindlela, ukuthuthukisa kokubili ukuzizwisa konjiniyela nokusebenza kwekhompyutha.
Njengomphumela, ama-tuples anegama athuthuka abe ithuluzi elinamandla elithuthukisa ukwakheka kwedatha nokufundeka ngaphandle kokufaka engozini isivinini.
Isampula yekhodi ebonisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-tuples anegama kukhonjisiwe ngezansi:
17. Isebenza kanjani i-try-ngaphandle block?
Ibhulokhi yokuzama ngaphandle kwe-try isebenza njengomlindi ku-syntax ecacile ye-Python, iqapha ngokuphapheme iziphazamiso zesikhathi sokusebenza kanye nokugcina ukugeleza kokusabalalisa naphezu kwezinkinga ezingaba khona.
Uma ibhulokhi yokuzama ihlangabezana nephutha, isilawuli sidluliselwa ngokuzenzakalelayo endaweni efanele ngaphandle kwebhulokhi, lapho inkinga ilungiswa ngokubika, ukulungisa, noma mhlawumbe ukuphinda kukhishwe okuhlukile.
Ngokusingatha okuhlukile ngendlela enenjongo, elawulwayo, le sistimu ayivikeli nje kuphela ezingozini eziphazamisayo kodwa futhi iyathuthukisa. isipiliyoni somsebenzisi kanye nobuqotho bedatha.
Njengomphumela, i-try-ngaphandle block ihlanganisa ngobuhlakani ukuphathwa kwamaphutha nokwenziwa kohlelo, iqinisekisa ukuqina nokuqina kohlelo lokusebenza.
Nali isampula elincane lekhodi esebenzisa ibhulokhi yokuzama ngaphandle:
18. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezitatimende zokuphakamisa kanye nokugomela?
Izitatimende zokukhuphula nokugomela ekuphathweni kwephutha kwe-Python zimelela izinkulumo ezimbili ezihlukene kodwa ezihlobene zokuphatha okuhlukile.
The raise
isitatimende sinikeza umhleli ukulawula okucacile kwemilayezo yephutha futhi igeleze ngokuyivumela ukuthi ibangele ngokusobala okuhlukile okucacisiwe.
Assert
, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isebenza njengethuluzi lokususa iphutha ngokukhiqiza ngokuzenzakalelayo i AssertionError
uma isimo salo esihambisanayo singaneliseki, iqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza njengoba kuhlosiwe ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa.
Assert
imane ihlole izimo, ithuthukise ukulungisa iphutha nokuqinisekisa, kuyilapho ukuphakama kunika amandla okubanzi, ukulawula okucacile. Kokubili ukukhiqizwa okuhlukile kwemvume yokukhulisa kanye nokugomela okulawulwayo.
Nansi isampula yekhodi ekhombisa ukuthi isetshenziswa kanjani raise
futhi assert
:
19. Ufunda futhi ubhale kanjani idatha kusuka kufayela kanambambili kuPython?
Ukusebenzisa umsebenzi ovulekile owakhelwe ngaphakathi ngesicaciso semodi kanambambili, ukuxhumana namafayela kanambambili kuPython kuhlanganisa ibhalansi yokunemba nobulula.
Ukusebenzisa rb
or wb
izindlela lapho uvula ifayela kanambambili kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi idatha iphathwa ngendlela engenakhodi, ifomu eluhlaza lapho ufunda noma ubhala idatha kanambambili.
Ngokusebenzisa lezi zindlela, i-Python yenza ukuphathwa kwedatha okungeyona eyombhalo kube lula, njengezithombe noma amafayela asebenzisekayo, okwenza abahleli bohlelo bakwazi ukuphatha nokuhlaziya idatha kanambambili ngokunembile futhi kalula.
Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kwamafayela kanambambili ku-Python kuvula umnyango wezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwedatha, ukucubungula izithombe, nokuhlaziya kanambambili, ukusho ezimbalwa.
Usebenzisa ifayela kanambambili, lesi sibonelo sekhodi sibonisa indlela yokufunda nokubhala idatha:
20. Chaza with
isitatimende kanye nezinzuzo zaso lapho usebenza nefayela I/O.
I-Python's enesitatimende, esivame ukusetshenziswa nefayela I/O, yenza isiqiniseko sokuthi izinsiza ziphathwa ngempumelelo ngenxa yomqondo wokuphathwa komongo.
Lapho usebenza namafayela, with
isitatimende sivala ngokushesha ifayela ngemva kokusetshenziswa, ngisho noma kwenzeka okuhlukile ngenkathi kwenziwa isenzo, ukuvikela ekuvuzeni kwezinsiza nokuqinisekisa ukuqedwa okuhlanzekile.
Ngokususa ikhodi ye-boilerplate, lo shukela we-syntactic uthuthukisa ukufundeka kwekhodi. Iphinde ikhulise ukwethembeka nokuba lula ngokuhlanganisa ukuphathwa kwezinsiza kanye nokuphatha okuhlukile.
Ngenxa yalokho, isitatimende esinesitatimende siba sibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ukusebenza kwefayela lakho kunokwethenjelwa futhi okuqukethwe ngokuhlanzekile, kuvikela ezinkingeni ezingalindelekile nokuthuthukisa ukucaca kwekhodi.
Nasi isibonelo sekhodi esebenzisa i- with
isitatimende ekusebenzeni kwefayela:
21. Ungayakha kanjani imojula ye-singleton kuPython?
Inhlanganisela yezindlela zekilasi nokuhlola kwangaphakathi kusetshenziselwa ukwakha imojuli ye-singleton ku-Python, iphethini yokuklama evumela kuphela ukudalwa kwesibonelo esisodwa sekilasi.
Ngokulandelela isenzakalo saso kanye nokunikeza indlela yokuyikhiqiza noma ukuyibuyisela, ikilasi lilandela le phethini ukuze liqinisekise ukuthi izethulo ezilandelayo ziphindaphinda isenzakalo sokuqala.
Ngephuzu elilodwa lokulawula, ukufinyelela okubumbene ezinsizeni, kanye nokuvikelwa ekukhohliseni okuncintisanayo, i-singleton iqinisekisa iphuzu elilodwa lokulawula.
Ngenxa yalokho, ithuthuka ibe yithuluzi elisebenzayo lokuhlanganisa izinsiza ezabiwe, iqinisekisa ukufinyelela okungaguquki kanye nokuguqulwa kulo lonke uhlelo.
Nasi isampula yekhodi yePython encane ekhombisa isigaba se-singleton:
22. Yisho izindlela ezimbalwa zokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwememori kusikripthi sePython.
Ukuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa kwenkumbulo yeskripthi se-Python kuvame ukufaka isenzo sokulinganisa ngokucophelela phakathi kokukhethwa kwesakhiwo sedatha, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-algorithm, nokuphathwa kwensiza.
Uma usebenza ngamasethi edatha amakhulu, isibonelo, ukusebenzisa amajeneretha kunohlu kunganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwenkumbulo ngokuvilapha ukuhlola izinto empukaneni kunokuzigcina enkumbulweni.
Ukwehliswa okuqhubekayo kokusetshenziswa kwenkumbulo kungenzeka ngokuphatha idatha yezinombolo enezinhlaka zedatha yamalungu afanayo kunohlu nangokusebenzisa kancane. __slots__
izimemezelo ezisekilasini zokulawula ukwakheka kwezibaluli eziguqukayo.
Ngakho-ke, ngokulinganisa ukusebenza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwensiza, ungaqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zePython azisebenzi nje kuphela kodwa futhi zicabanga ukuthi zingakanani inkumbulo eziyisebenzisayo.
Nasi isibonelo esifushane sekhodi esebenzisa ijeneretha ukunciphisa inani lememori esetshenzisiwe:
23. Ungawakhipha kanjani wonke amakheli e-imeyili ochungechungeni olunikeziwe usebenzisa i-regex?
Izinkulumo ezivamile (regex) ku-Python zihlanganisa ukunemba nokuguquguquka ukuze kukhishwe amakheli e-imeyili ochungechungeni, okuvumela umthuthukisi ukuthi ahlunge ngobuhlakani okokusebenza kombhalo futhi akhombe amaphethini afiselekayo.
Ukuze uthole ukwakheka kwekheli le-imeyili, umuntu udala iphethini ye-regex esebenzisa imojula kabusha. Khona-ke ungasebenzisa findall
ukuze uthole zonke izenzakalo ochungechungeni oluqondiwe.
Le ndlela ngobuchule izulazula ku-maze yombhalo ukuze ithole wonke amakheli e-imeyili afihliwe, angagcini nje ngokusheshisa inqubo yokukhipha kodwa futhi eqinisekisa ukulunga.
I-Regex ingasetshenziswa ngobuchule ukuze kukhishwe idatha ethile kuyunithi yezinhlamvu, kwandise ukucutshungulwa nokuhlaziywa kwedatha yemibhalo yePython.
Nalu ucezu lwekhodi olusebenzisa i-regex ukukhipha ama-imeyili:
24. Chaza iphethini yedizayini yeFactory nokusebenzisa kwayo kuPython
Umgomo oyisisekelo wohlelo olugxile entweni, iphethini yedizayini yefekthri, ukudalwa kwezinto ngaphandle kokukhomba isigaba esinembile sezinto ezizokhiqizwa.
Iphethini Yefekthri ingasetshenziswa kahle ku-Python ngokwakha indlela ebuyisela izimo zamakilasi amaningana kuye ngokufakwa kwezindlela noma ukulungiselelwa.
Le nqubo, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi “Ifekthri,” isebenza njengehabhu yokuluka izimo zekilasi ezimbalwa, iqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ziyadalwa ngaphandle kokuthi lowo oshaya ucingo aqinise amakilasi mathupha.
Ngakho-ke, iphethini ye-Factory igcina ukwakheka kwe-decoupled, scalable ngenkathi ithuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwekhodi nokuhlangana. Iphinde inikeze indlela eyenziwe lula yokwakha izinto.
25. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-iterator nejeneretha?
Kuyacaca kuma-iterators we-Python namajeneretha ukuthi kokubili ukwakhiwa kwenza kube lula ukuzungeza amanani, nokho, kunomehluko ocashile endleleni asetshenziswa ngayo futhi asetshenziswa ngayo.
Ijeneretha, evame ukukhonjwa ngokusebenzisa kwayo isivuno, igcina isimo sayo ngokuzenzakalela futhi isetshenziswa ngomsebenzi, ihlinzeka ngendlela emfushane neyonga inkumbulo yokukhiqiza amanani empukaneni.
I-iterator, evame ukusetshenziswa njengekilasi, isebenzisa izindlela ezifana __iter__
futhi __next__
ukuphatha isimo sayo sokuphindaphinda nokukhiqiza amanani.
Ngenxa yalokho, ngalinye linokufaneleka kwalo okusekelwe esimweni sokusetshenziswa esithile, neziphindaphindayo ezinikeza indlela ephelele, eqondiswe entweni ukuze inqamule idatha kuyilapho amajeneretha enikeza indlela yokuhlola engasindi, evilaphayo.
Womabili amasu engeza kuzikhali zonjiniyela futhi enze kube nokwenzeka ukuhlola idatha ngokushesha nangempumelelo ezimeni ezihlukahlukene.
Nali ucezu lwekhodi ye-iterator kanye nejeneretha kuPython:
26. Ngabe i- @property
umsebenzi wokuhlobisa?
Umhlobisi we-'@property' ku-Python udlala ingoma ethandekayo eguqula izingcingo zezindlela zibe ukufinyelela okufana nesici, okuthuthukisa ukusebenziseka kwento nokuzwakala.
Indlela ingabizwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa abakaki ngokusebenzisa @property, okufana nokufinyelela isibaluli. Lokhu kudala isixhumi esibonakalayo esicacile nesisebenziseka kalula sokusebenzisana kwento.
Ukwengeza, inikeza ibhalansi edeft yokusebenza kanye ne-encapsulation, ivikela isimo sezinto ngenkathi iletha ukusebenzelana okunembile, okuvumela abathuthukisi ukuthi bacacise izimfanelo kalula besebenzisa izindlela ze-getter nesetter.
Ngokuhlanganisa ukusebenza kwendlela nokufinyeleleka kwesibaluli, i @property
umhlobisi uvela njengethuluzi elibalulekile futhi unikeza ipharadigm eqondile kodwa esebenzayo yokusebenzisana kwento.
Isibonelo sePython's @property
umhlobisi uboniswa ngezansi:
27. Ungayidala kanjani i-REST API eyisisekelo kuPython?
Ukuze wakhe izinsiza zewebhu ezisebenzisana ngezicelo ze-HTTP, onjiniyela bavamise ukusebenzisa ikhono elicacile lezinhlaka ezifana neFlask ngenkathi bakha elula. I-REST API ePython.
Nge-syntax yayo elula neqondakalayo, i-Flask yenza abathuthukisi bakwazi ukwakha imizila engafinyelelwa ngezindlela eziningi ze-HTTP, okuhlanganisa i-GET ne-POST, ukuze baxhumane nohlelo lokusebenza oluyisisekelo.
I-REST API eyakhelwe kusetshenziswa i-Flask ingamukela kalula izicelo ze-HTTP, icubungule idatha equkethwe, futhi inikeze ulwazi olufanele ekuphenduleni ngokucacisa izindawo zokugcina eziyingqayizivele ezixhunywe nokusebenza okuhlukahlukene.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxhumana okungenazihibe phakathi kwezingxenye zesofthiwe ezihlukahlukene endaweni enenethiwekhi, abathuthukisi bangasebenzisa ama-REST API anamandla besebenzisa inhlanganisela yePython neFlask.
Nasi ucezu oluncane lwekhodi olusebenzisa i-Flask ukwakha i-REST API:
28. Chaza ukuthi usetshenziswa kanjani umtapo wolwazi wezicelo ukwenza isicelo se-HTTP POST.
Ilabhulali yezicelo ze-Python iyithuluzi elinamandla eliguqula ubunzima bokuxhumana kwe-HTTP kube i-API yokwamukela futhi ikwenze kube lula futhi kungokwemvelo ukusebenzisana nezinsizakalo ze-inthanethi usebenzisa izicelo ze-HTTP POST.
Isicelo sokuthunyelwe senziwa kusetshenziswa indlela yokuthunyelwe, ukunikeza i-URL yendawo, nokunamathisela okokusebenza okufanele kuthunyelwe, okungaqukatha idatha yefomu, i-JSON, amafayela, nokunye okwengeziwe.
Ilabhulali yezicelo ibe isiphatha ukuxhumeka kwe-HTTP okuyisisekelo, ithumela idatha ku-URL eqokiwe futhi iqoqe impendulo yeseva ukuze inike amandla ukusebenzisana kwewebhu okuwuketshezi.
Onjiniyela bangahlanganyela kalula namasevisi aku-inthanethi, balethe idatha yefomu, kanye nokuxhumana nama-API ewebhu ngezicelo, ukuvala igebe phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zasendaweni newebhu yomhlaba wonke.
Kusetshenziswa ilabhulali yezicelo, isampula yekhodi elandelayo ikhombisa ukuthi usithumela kanjani isicelo se-HTTP POST:
29. Ungaxhuma kanjani kusizindalwazi se-PostgreSQL usebenzisa iPython?
Ukusebenzelana nesizindalwazi se-PostgreSQL esivela endaweni ye-Python kuphathwa kahle yiphakheji ye-psycopg2, ibhuloho elinamandla elivumela ukusebenzisana kwedatha engenamthungo.
Ngokusebenzisa psycopg2
, abahleli bangakha kalula ukuxhumana, baqhube imibuzo ye-SQL, futhi bathole imiphumela, bahlanganise ngokuqondile amandla e-PostgreSQL ezinhlelweni zePython.
Ungavula imisebenzi yedatha eyinkimbinkimbi ngemigqa embalwa kuphela yekhodi, uqinisekisa ukuthi idatha iyafinyelelwa, ishintshiwe, futhi ilondolozwe ngokunemba nokusebenza kahle.
Le mojula ivumela abathuthukisi ukuthi basebenzise ngokugcwele imininingo egciniwe yobudlelwano ezinhlelweni zabo ngokubona kahle ukusebenzisana phakathi kwePython ne-PostgreSQL.
Nansi ikhodi yesampula ebonisa indlela yokusebenzisa i- psycopg2
umtapo wolwazi wokusungula ukuxhumana kusizindalwazi se-PostgreSQL:
30. Ithini indima yama-ORM kuPython futhi uqambe edumile?
Imephu ye-Object-relational (ORM) ku-Python inika amandla abathuthukisi ukuthi baxhumane nesizindalwazi besebenzisa amakilasi e-Python nama-paradigms ezinto.
Isebenza njengomlamuli we-harmonic phakathi kwezinhlelo ezigxile entweni kanye nokuphathwa kwesizindalwazi esihlobene.
I-SQLAlchemy, enye ye-ORM eyaziwa kakhulu endaweni ye-Python, inikeza isethi ephelele yamathuluzi okuxhumana nezingosi zolwazi eziningi ze-SQL kusetshenziswa i-syntax esezingeni eliphezulu, egxile ezintweni.
Ngosizo lwe-SQLAlchemy, izinhlangano zesizindalwazi zingamelwa njengezigaba zePython, nezimo zalawa makilasi asebenza njengemigqa kumathebula esizindalwazi.
Lokhu kuvumela abahleli bohlelo ukuthi basebenze nesizindalwazi ngaphandle kokuthi babhale noma yimiphi imibuzo eluhlaza ye-SQL.
Ngenxa yobunkimbinkimbi be-SQL nokuxhumana kwesizindalwazi, ama-ORM afana ne-SQLAlchemy akwenza kube lula ukusebenzisana kwesizindalwazi esisebenziseka kalula, esivikelekile, futhi esilondolozekayo.
Nasi isibonelo esilula esibonisa ukuthi i-SQLAlchemy isebenza kanjani:
31. Ungasiphrofayilisa kanjani iskripthi sePython?
Isikripthi se-Python siphrofayili ngokuhlaziya ukwakheka kwaso kwekhompyutha kanye nemininingwane yesikhathi nesikhala sokwenziwa kwaso ukuze kutholwe noma yiziphi izithiyo ezingase zibe khona futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle.
Onjiniyela bangahlaziya ngokucophelela ukuziphatha kwekhodi yabo ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokusebenzisa okwakhelwe ngaphakathi cProfile
module.
Ngokwenza kanjalo, bangathola idatha ephelele kumakholi okusebenza, izikhathi zokwenza, kanye nobudlelwano bezingcingo, okubavumela ukuthi bakhombe futhi babhekane nezingqinamba zokusebenza.
Ungaqinisekisa ukuthi ikhodi ayisebenzi nje kuphela ngendlela efanele kodwa futhi ngokuphumelelayo, ukulinganisa izinsiza zekhompuyutha, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kohlelo lonke, ngokufaka iphrofayela emjikelezweni wokuphila wokuthuthukiswa.
Ngakho-ke onjiniyela bangakwazi ukuvikela izinhlelo ngokumelene nokungasebenzi kahle ngokubhala iphrofayela ngokucophelela, baqinisekise ukuthi zishunwa ngendlela enokwethenjelwa futhi zisebenza kulo lonke uhla lwezidingo zekhompyutha.
Nasi isibonelo esilula sePython script profiling usebenzisa i cProfile
imojuli:
32. Chaza i-GIL (Global Interpreter Lock) ku-CPython
I-Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) ku-CPython isebenza njengomlindi, iqinisekisa ukuthi uchungechunge olulodwa kuphela olusebenzisa i-Python bytecode ngesikhathi ngenqubo eyodwa, ngisho nasezinhlelweni ezinezintambo eziningi.
Noma ingahle ibonakale iyibhodlela, i-GIL ibalulekile ekuvikeleni ukuphathwa kwenkumbulo ye-CPython kanye nezakhiwo zedatha yangaphakathi ekufinyeleleni kanyekanye nasekulondolozeni ubuqotho besistimu.
Isidingo sokuhlanganisa okuningi emisebenzini ye-I/O-bound, lapho imicu kufanele ilinde ukuthi idatha ilethwe noma yamukelwe, kufanele kukhunjulwe, nokho, njengoba i-GIL ingasiqedi lesi sidingo.
Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe i-GIL idala ubunzima bemisebenzi eboshelwe yi-CPU, ukuqonda kokuziphatha kwayo kanye nokujwayela amasu, njengokusebenzisa ukucubungula okuningi noma ukuhlela okuhambisanayo, kuvumela abathuthukisi ukuthi bakhe izinhlelo ezisebenzayo, ezisebenza kanyekanye zePython.
Nasi isibonelo sekhodi yePython esebenzisa imicu futhi ebonisa ukuthi i-GIL ingaba nomthelela kanjani emisebenzini eboshwe yi-CPU:
33. Chaza i-async/ait yePython. Ihluke kanjani ekucupheni kwendabuko?
I-syntax ye-async/ait ku-Python ivula umhlaba wohlelo olungavumelanisi, ipharadigm evumela ukuthi eminye imisebenzi inikeze ukulawula endaweni yesikhathi sokusebenza ukuze eminye imisebenzi ikwazi ukusebenza ngaleso sikhathi, ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kohlelo.
I-Async/ait igcina imisebenzi kuchungechunge olulodwa kodwa ivumela ukukhishwa ukuthi kugxume phakathi kwemisebenzi, iqinisekisa ukuziphatha okungavimbi ngaphandle kwenkimbinkimbi yokuphathwa kwentambo.
Lokhu kuphambene nochungechunge lwakudala, lapho uchungechunge lusebenza ngokufana futhi ngokuvamile ludinga ukuphathwa okuyinkimbinkimbi nokuvumelanisa.
Ngenxa yalokho, onjiniyela bangakwazi ukuphatha imisebenzi ehambisana ne-I/O-bound ngempumelelo nangendlela eqondile yokulawula ukuvumelana kwezimali.
Lokhu kukhuthaza imodeli yokubambisana yokwenza izinto eziningi lapho izinqubo zinikeza ukulawula ngokuzithandela.
Njengomphumela, i-async/ait inikezela ngendlela ehlukile, eyenziwe lula yokuklama izinhlelo zokusebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa, ikakhulukazi lapho imisebenzi ye-I/O ivamile, ukuthola ibhalansi phakathi kokusebenza nokuba yinkimbinkimbi.
Isibonelo sekhodi yePython esebenzisa i-async/ait inikezwe ngezansi:
34. Chaza ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani iPython concurrent.futures
.
isixhumi esibonakalayo sokwenza okushayelwayo ngokulinganayo ngentambo noma ngezinqubo, abathuthukisi bangakwazi ukuphatha kahle ukusebenza okungavumelaniyo nokuhambisanayo.
Le mojula ilawula ukwabiwa kwensiza kanye nokwenziwa kwezinto ezishayelwayo kuyilapho ihlanganisa izici ezibucayi zokulutha kanye nokwenza okuningi ngama-Executors (ThreadPoolExecutor kanye ne-ProcessPoolExecutor).
Onjiniyela bangasebenzisa ngempumelelo ama-multi-core processors wemisebenzi eboshelwe yi-CPU futhi banikeze imisebenzi engavimbi ye-I/O ngokuthumela imisebenzi kumabi, angayenza kanyekanye futhi ihlanganise imiphumela yayo.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izicelo ziyaphendula futhi ziyasebenza, concurrent.futures
idala isikhala lapho izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nemisebenzi ye-I/O ingahlangana kahle.
Nasi isampula yekhodi esetshenziswayo concurrent.futures
:
35. Qhathanisa i-Django neFlask mayelana nekesi lokusetshenziswa kanye nokukala.
Izinkanyezi ezimbili kumlaza wezinhlaka zewebhu zePython, i-Django neFlask, ngayinye ikhanya ngokukhazimulayo ngenkathi ihlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zonjiniyela.
Kubahleli bohlelo abakha izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinkulu, eziqhutshwa kusizindalwazi, i-Django iyithuluzi lokuzikhethela njengoba iza ne-ORM kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo somqondisi esakhelwe ngaphakathi.
Kodwa-ke, idizayini ye-Flask elula neyimojuli inika abathuthukisi inkululeko yokukhetha izingxenye zabo, okuyenza ibe yinketho efanelekile yamaphrojekthi amancane noma izimo lapho isixazululo esilula, esivumelana nezimo sibalulekile.
Zombili izinhlaka zingalinganiswa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezinkulu uma kuziwa ekulinganiseni.
Kodwa-ke, imvelo ethambile yeFlask ivumela amasu okukala enziwe ngokwezifiso enzelwe izidingo ezithile, kuyilapho amandla akhelwe ngaphakathi ka-Django angayinikeza inzuzo encane yokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kumaphrojekthi amakhulu, ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Isiphetho
Izingxoxo ze-Python scripting zidinga ulwazi olujulile lwamakhono olimi, ubunzima, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwalo.
Ukulungiselela okuphelele akugcini nje ngokuqinisa ikhono lomuntu lobuchwepheshe kodwa futhi kuvuselela ukuzethemba, kusiza abafake izicelo ukuthi bahambe ngokushesha nangokunembile phakathi kwemibuzo enzima.
Abafuna usizo bangaqinisekisa ukuthi bakulungele ukubhekana nezinkinga zombili eziyisisekelo nezisetshenziswayo zePython ngokubuyekeza imibono ebalulekile efana ne-concurrency, izimiso ze-OOP, nezakhiwo zedatha, kanye nokungena ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezingokoqobo ezifana nokuhlelwa kwewebhu kanye nokukhohlisa kwedatha.
Ngenxa yalokho, ukuba nemfundo egcwele kahle kuba semqoka empumelelweni futhi kungaholela ezimeni lapho amakhono omuntu wokuhlela wePython ekwazi ukugqama futhi adale. Bheka Uchungechunge lwezingxoxo lukaHashdork ukuze uthole usizo ngokulungiselela inhlolokhono.
shiya impendulo