Okuqukethwe[Fihla][Bonisa]
Ukuputshuka ngo-2021 kwakhombisa uhlu lwezinombolo zomakhalekhukhwini ezingaphezu kuka-50,000 okukholakala ukuthi ziqondiswe ohulumeni emhlabeni jikelele. Phakathi kwalezi zinhloso kubalwa amalungu omndeni wasebukhosini bama-Arab, izishoshovu zamalungelo abantu, izintatheli kanye nosopolitiki. Laba bantu abanethonya elikhulu bayingxenyana nje yalokho okungase kube omunye wemisebenzi yespyware esabalele kakhulu emlandweni.
Eziningi zalezi zinhloso kamuva kwafakazelwa ukuthi zihlaselwe uhlelo olwaziwa ngePegasus. I-Pegasus iyisibonelo sohlobo lohlelo olunonya olwaziwa ngokuthi yi-spyware. I-Spyware ihlose ukuqoqa ulwazi ngomuntu noma inhlangano ngaphandle kolwazi lomsebenzisi.
Ivelaphi le nhloli yePegasus? Iqembu le-NSO selidume kabi muva nje ngokudayisa i-Pegasus spyware kohulumeni emhlabeni jikelele. Abahlali bathi bazokhokhisa ohulumeni izigidi ukuze babanikeze amandla okuhlola izakhamuzi zabo.
I-NSO Group ingenye nje yezinkampani eziningi zobuchwepheshe kwa-Israel eseziphenduke eyazo abathengisi bezikhali zedijithali. Ake sibheke iqiniso elingajabulisi ngemuva kokubhekwa kukahulumeni kanye nezinkampani zobuchwepheshe ezenza kwenzeke.
Iyini i-Pegasus Spyware?
I-Pegasus ibhekisela kunhloli ethile eyakhiwe inkampani yezobuchwepheshe yakwa-Israel i-NSO Group.
Inkampani i-NSO Group yasungulwa ngo-2010 futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi isihlinzeke nge-spyware nezinye izinhlobo zesofthiwe kuma-ejensi kahulumeni emhlabeni jikelele.
I-Pegasus ingenye yeminikelo yabo enamandla kakhulu, ekwazi ukungena ngomakhalekhukhwini ngaphandle kolwazi lomsebenzisi. Kwaqala ukutholwa ngo-Agasti 2016 lapho umvikeli wamalungelo abantu u-Ahmed Mansoor ethola isixhumanisi esinonya emibhalweni yakhe.
UMansoor uthumele isixhumanisi kuCitizen Lab, ilabhorethri eseToronto egxile kwezokuphepha ku-inthanethi. Bathole ukuthi isixhumanisi sizophula i-iPhone kaMansoor ejele futhi sifake isoftware enonya. Ngemva kwalokho, ukuhlaziya okwengeziwe kubophe ikhodi kuphrojekthi eputshuziwe ye-NSO Group i-Pegasus.
Hlobo luni lwedatha iPegasus engaluthola kubasebenzisi?
I-Pegasus iyakwazi ukufunda imiyalezo, ukulandelela izingcingo nokuqoqa amaphasiwedi. I-spyware iphinde isebenzise ubungozi ohlelweni lokusebenza lwefoni ukuze ifinyelele imakrofoni nekhamera.
I-Pegasus ingatshontsha ulwazi kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nomlando wokuphequlula, ama-imeyili, amakhalenda, kanye nohlu lokuxhumana lomsebenzisi.
Isebenza kanjani i-Pegasus Spyware?
I-spyware ye-Pegasus itholwe ezinguqulweni ezithile ze-iOS nakwamanye amadivayisi we-Android.
I-spyware ye-Pegasus iye yabonwa ukuthi isakazeka ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Abanye baba yizisulu zeSpyware ngemuva kokuchofoza i-URL ethunyelwe nge-SMS noma i-iMessage.
Abanye abasebenzisi bathole inkontileka ye-spyware ngokuhlasela "ngokuchofoza ziro", noma ngaphandle kokusebenzelana komsebenzisi. Isikhathi esithile, isevisi ye-iMessage ye-Apple yayisengozini lapho ngisho nokuthola umlayezo nje kungavumela idivayisi yakho ukuthi ibe sengozini.
Uma ikhophi yekhodi enonya isifakiwe kudivayisi yesisulu, i-spyware izozama ukusebenzisa izinqubo ngemuva ezizama ukuthola imvume yezimpande. Uhlelo manje luzozama ukuthola ukufinyelela kwezimpande kufoni yakho. Ukuthola ukufinyelela okunjalo kusho ukuthi cishe yonke idatha egcinwe ocingweni lwakho ingabuyiselwa kwiseva eyirimothi.
Kodwa ngempela i-Pegasus ikufeza kanjani ukuthatha okuphelele kwefoni yakho?
Nakuba ochwepheshe basaxoxa ngezindlela eziqondile ezisetshenziswa e-Pegasus, kungenzeka ukuthi bathembele ezenzweni zosuku oluyiziro. Ukuxhaphaza kosuku oluyiziro noma ukuba sengozini iphutha lesofthiwe elitholwe abahlaseli ngaphambi kokuthi umthengisi azi ngakho.
I-NSO Group cishe iqasha ithimba lochwepheshe elizama ukuthola lokhu kuxhaphaza futhi likungeze ku-Pegasus Suite. Njengoba amafoni ahlukene enobungozi obuhlukile, i-Pegasus cishe isebenzisa izinto eziningi ukuze ifinyelele umgomo wayo wokuthola ukufinyelela kwezimpande kudivayisi yakho.
I-Amnesty International's Security Lab ikhiphe i-a umbiko echaza iminonjana yezobunhloli esele kumadivayisi eselula ngemva kokuthi ithintwe yi-Pegasus. Umbiko ukhombisa ukuthi i-spyware isebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana ne-iMessage, i-Apple Music, ne-Apple Photos njengengxenye yochungechunge lokuxhaphaza ukusebenzisa i-Pegasus kumadivayisi we-iOS.
Yimaphi amazwe asebenzise iPegasus?
A uphenyo ngokuhlanganyela okwenziwe ngoJulayi 2021 kukhombe amazwe ayi-11 njengamakhasimende e-NSO okuhlanganisa i-Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Hungary, India, Saudi Arabia, kanye ne-United Arab Emirates. Okungenani amazwe angu-180 avela emazweni angaphezu kuka-20 ayehloswe yi-NSO spyware phakathi kuka-2016 noJuni 2021.
Lokhu kusetshenziswa kabanzi kokuqapha kukahulumeni kwenze izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe zagxeka indima ka-Israel ekuvumeleni i-NSO Group ukuthi ihlinzeke ngezinsizakalo ezinjalo.
Bobabili i-Facebook ne-Apple baqale amasudi ngokumelene ne-NSO Group. I-Facebook ithi i-Pegasus yasetshenziswa ukuvimbela ukuxhumana kwe-WhatsApp eNdiya, kuyilapho i-Apple imangalele i-NSO Group ngokukhomba abasebenzisi bayo.
Indlela Ukuzivikela Against Pegasus Spyware
Yize okuhlosiwe okuningi kwe-spyware ye-Pegasus kuyizibalo eziphezulu ezifana nosopolitiki nezintatheli, izakhamuzi ezijwayelekile zisengaba sengcupheni ye-spyware ye-Pegasus.
Nazi ezinye izindlela ongazivikela ngazo kumkhiqizo oyimpikiswano we-NSO Group.
Qalisa kabusha amadivayisi akho njalo
Iketango lokutheleleka kwe-Pegasus lincike ekuxhashazweni kwezinsuku eziyiziro ukuze lilawule amadivayisi. Ukuqalisa kabusha idivayisi nsuku zonke kungakhuphula amathuba okutholwa. Abahlaseli ngeke futhi babe mancane amathuba okuba baqhubeke nokutheleleka.
Ungachofozi izixhumanisi ezitholwe nge-SMS noma nge-iMessage
Amakhasimende ahlukahlukene e-Pegasus asathembele ekusebenzisaneni ngokuchofoza oku-1 ukuthelela amadivayisi. Okuhlukile okuvame kakhulu kwalokhu ukutheleleka okuvela ngokuchofoza izixhumanisi ezithunyelwa enombolweni yocingo yesisulu. Ukuze uvimbele ukutheleleka, ungazama ukuvula isixhumanisi kukhompuyutha yedeskithophu esikhundleni sokuvula ifoni yakho.
Sebenzisa i-VPN uma upheqa i-inthanethi
I-Pegasus ingasebenzisa ukuhlasela komuntu ophakathi nendawo ukuze ithelele idivayisi yakho. Ukusebenzisa inethiwekhi yangasese ebonakalayo noma i-VPN kungasiza ukuvala ithrafikhi yakho kubahlaseli abangaba.
Gcina ifoni yakho ibuyekeziwe
I-Google kanye ne-Apple baqhubeka bethuthukisa isoftware yabo ukuze balungise izinto ezenzekayo. Abasebenzisi abafuna ukuvikelwa ezintweni ezingase zibe khona ze-spyware kufanele bahlale bebuyekeza amadivayisi abo. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa inani lobungozi umhlaseli angabusebenzisa.
Isiphetho
I-NSO isaphika ukuthi kukhona okungalungile ngezinsizakalo zabo, abathi kuhloswe ngazo ukusetshenziselwa izigebengu. Naphezu kwalokhu, imibiko yezinhlangano ezahlukene ifakazela ukuthi abantu abangenabo ubugebengu baye bahlaselwa ngamakhasimende kahulumeni esebenzisa iPegasus.
Ukuba khona kwePegasus kuveza izindaba eziningi zokuziphatha eziphathelene nokuphepha kwezwe kanye nelungelo lethu lobumfihlo. Ingabe izakhamuzi kufanele zamukele ukugadwa kukahulumeni egameni lokuphepha kwezwe? Ngabe kufanele i-Israel ijeziswe ngokweseka lezi zinkampani zobuchwepheshe?
Imizamo efana ne Iphrojekthi yePegasus ngethemba lokuthola ubufakazi obengeziwe besenzo esinonya futhi siphoqelele ohulumeni ukuthi baqinise lezi zinkinga zokubhekwa.
shiya impendulo