Okuqukethwe[Fihla][Bonisa]
Ufuna ukusebenzisa i-Java kuphrojekthi yakho elandelayo, kodwa awunaso isikhathi sokufunda zonke izici ezintsha nobuchwepheshe. Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi i-Java isinesikhathi eside ikhona, futhi kungaba nzima ukuhambisana nazo zonke izinguquko.
Ngaso sonke isikhathi uma ucabanga ukuthi ukutholile, bangeza esinye isibuyekezo noma bashintshe enye into.
I-Quarkus iyisixazululo!
Lena iphrojekthi entsha yomthombo ovulekile evela ku-Red Hat eklanyelwe ukwenza ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ze-Java ku-Kubernetes kube lula. Isethi ye-Quarkus yobuchwepheshe yenza kube lula ukubhala izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Java usebenzisa i-GraalVM ne-Hotspot.
Nge-Quarkus, ungakha ama-microservices angasindi kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo ngekhodi ye-boilerplate encane noma engekho. Futhi, i-Quarkus isebenza kunoma iyiphi indawo ye-Java Runtime Environment (JRE) noma i-OpenJDK 8 noma engu-11, ngakho ilungele ukusetshenziswa emafini.
Bheka lesi sifundo ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuqalisa ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-Quarkus.
Iyini i-Quarkus?
I-Quarkus iwuhlaka lomthombo ovulekile lokwakha izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Java zesimanje ezinoziro. Isebenzisa isihlanganisi ukwenza ikhodi yomdabu yenkundla osebenza kuyo, ngakho awudingi ukwenza lutho ngaphandle kokubhala ikhodi yakho.
Iphrojekthi ye-Quarkus iwuhlelo oluqhutshwa umphakathi oluhlose ukwakha uhlaka olukuvumela ukuthi wakhe futhi usebenzise izinhlelo zokusebenza zesimanje ze-Java. Ungacabanga nge-Quarkus njengendlela engasindi, evulekile yomthombo ohlukile ku-Spring Boot.
Ungasebenzisa i-Quarkus ukwakha ama-microservices kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo ezifakwe emafini.
Yiziphi Izici ze-Quarkus?
Nazi izici eziphezulu ze-Quarkus ezizokusiza ukuthi wakhe futhi usebenzise izinhlelo zokusebenza zesimanje ze-Java:
1. Isitsha Okokuqala
Ku-GraalVM ne-Hotspot, i-Quarkus yenza ngokwezifiso izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza ukuze zivumelane nezidingo zakho. Isikhathi sokuqalisa esishesha kakhulu, kanye nokusebenzisa inkumbulo ye-RSS ephansi kakhulu.
Ezixazululweni ze-orchestration ye-container efana ne-Kubernetes, ukunika amandla ukukhuphuka okusheshayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwememori ephezulu kubalulekile. Kusetshenziswa indlela eyaziwa ngokuthi i-compile-time boot.
Isiqukathi siqalisiwe, futhi ikhodi yohlelo lokusebenza ilayishwa kumemori. Uma isicelo sesilungile, isitsha siyamiswa.
I-Quarkus futhi inomshini we-plugin, okuvumela ukuthi unwebe i-Quarkus ngokungeza izici ezintsha kuhlelo lwakho lokusebenza. Isibonelo, ungangeza indlela entsha yokuqinisekisa kuhlelo lwakho lokusebenza.
2. Ukuthunyelwa Okulula Kakhulu
I-Quarkus ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza kunoma iyiphi inkundla esekela i-Java. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izixazululo ze-orchestration yesiqukathi njenge-Kubernetes nezinkundla ezifana ne-Windows Server, i-Google App Engine, ne-Heroku.
Uma usebenzisa i-Quarkus, awudingi ukubhala noma iyiphi ikhodi noma wenze enye into ngaphandle kokubhala ikhodi yakho. Lokhu kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuphakela nokubuyekeza uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza.
3. Ihlanganisa Okubalulekile Futhi Okusebenzayo
I-Quarkus iwuhlaka oluhlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile nezisebenzayo. Ngamanye amazwi, ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise isethi efanayo yamathuluzi kokubili.
Ungasebenzisa amathuluzi afanayo ukuthuthukisa ikhodi yakho, noma ngabe ukhona ukwakha uhlelo lokusebenza ecubungula idatha noma leyo exhumana nesizindalwazi.
Ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise izindlela zokuhlela ezibalulekile ezinhlelweni zakho ezisebenzayo. Isibonelo, ungasebenzisa i-JDBC kanye ne-JPA APIs ukuze ubhale izinhlelo zokusebenza usebenzisa amathebula esizindalwazi kanye nezinhlangano.
4. Ukuhlanganiswa Kwesitaki Esigcwele
I-Quarkus yakhelwe ukusebenza nezinye izinhlaka nemitapo yolwazi, njenge-Spring, JPA, ne-Hibernate. Lokhu kukwenza ukwazi ukwakha izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezididiyelwe.
Isibonelo, ungasebenzisa uhlaka lwe-Hibernate ukuphatha amathebula akho esizindalwazi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungabhala ikhodi esebenzisana nesizindalwazi ngaphandle kokufunda imininingwane yokuthi isizindalwazi sisebenza kanjani.
5. Ama-Microservices, Reactive, and Functional Programming
I-Quarkus yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthuthukisa ama-microservices kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungasebenzisa amathuluzi afanayo ukuze wakhe kokubili izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo nezisebenzayo.
Isibonelo, usebenzisa i-HTTP, ungasebenzisa i-Quarkus ukwenza ama-microservices axhumana namanye ama-microservices.
Ungasebenzisa futhi i-Quarkus ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lungakwazi ukuphatha imicimbi engavumelaniyo, njengaleyo evela kusizindalwazi noma isokhethi lewebhu.
6. Ukusebenza Ngokwedlulele Nokuseqophelweni eliphezulu
I-Quarkus yakhelwe ukugijima ngokushesha okukhulu. Iphinde isebenzisa i-HotSpot noma i-GraalVM ekuhlanganiseni ikhodi yakho, okuyenza isebenze kahle kakhulu.
Ngokwesibonelo, I-Quarkus ishesha izikhathi ezingafika kweziyi-100 kune-Spring Boot futhi ngokushesha okuphindwe kathathu kune-Java EE.
Ungaqala Kanjani Nge-Quarkus?
Ukuze uqalise nge-Quarkus, udinga ukufaka uhlaka lwe-Quarkus. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukufaka i-Java Development Kit.
Ngemva kokufaka i-JDK, uzodinga ukufaka uhlaka lwe-Quarkus. Ungasebenzisa i-Maven, Gradle, noma i-CLI ukwenza lokhu.
Uma usuyifakile i-Quarkus, ungaqala ukubhala ikhodi. Uhlaka lwe-Quarkus luklanyelwe ukusebenza nezinye izinhlaka nemitapo yolwazi, efana ne-Spring ne-Hibernate. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungasebenzisa isethi efanayo yamathuluzi kokubili.
Ingabe Zikhona Ezinye Izindlela Ezihlukile Ze-Quarkus?
Izinhlaka eziningi zikuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Java. Njenge:
1. I-Spring Boot
I-Spring Boot wuhlaka olukuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Java. Idizayinelwe ukusebenza ngohlaka lwaseNtwasahlobo. Le nkundla yenza kube nokwenzeka ukubhala kokubili izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo nezisebenzayo.
I-Spring Boot yakhelwe ukwenza kube lula ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi awudingi ukufunda amathuluzi amasha ukuze wakhe izinhlelo zokusebenza.
2. GraalVM
I-GraalVM yakhelwe ukuthi ibe umdidiyeli olungiselelwe kakhulu we-Java. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungabhala izinhlelo zokusebenza ezishesha kakhulu. Kodwa, udinga futhi ukwazi ukuwahlanganisa.
I-GraalVM iyinkundla ekuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Java. Le nkundla yakhelwe ukusebenza ne-GraalVM toolchain. Lolu chungechunge lwamathuluzi ludizayinelwe ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwekhodi yakho.
3. IJAX-RS
I-JAX-RS yakhelwe ukwenza kube lula ukubhala ama-RESTful API. Uyazi ukuthi mangaki ama-Web API asekelwe ekucacisweni kwe-JAX-RS? I-Spring Boot kanye ne-Spring MVC zisebenzisa lokhu kucaciswa.
Ezinye izinhlaka nazo ziyasetshenziswa yona, njenge I-Dropwizard. Kuya lula ukudalwa kanye nokuqaliswa kwabasebenzisi besevisi yewebhu namasango, i-JAX-RS isebenzisa izichasiselo ze-Java SE 5, ezethulwe kulokhu kukhululwa.
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Ingabe i-Quarkus Izinzile?
Yebo, i-Quarkus izinzile. Inguqulo yakamuva ithi 1.0.1. Ungayilanda kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni. Izinzile kodwa ingenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungayisebenzisa ukwakha izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza.
Cabanga ukuthi iningi lemisebenzi kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Quarkus ingase itholakale ku-ecosystem ebanzi njenge-Spring, i-Hibernate, nezinye.
Ingabe I-Quarkus Imahhala?
I-Quarkus umthombo ovulekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungayilanda mahhala. Futhi unelungelo lokushintsha ikhodi yomthombo futhi usabalalise kabusha.
Ungakwazi futhi ukufaka isandla kuphrojekthi. Kuhlanganisa nokubhaliselwe kosekelo olukhokhelwayo. Lokhu okubhaliselwe okokufinyelela kumephu womgwaqo womkhiqizo, umphakathi, nokuqeqeshwa.
Uyini Umehluko Phakathi kweQuarkus neKotlin?
I-Quarkus iyinkundla yokwakha izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi yakhelwe ukusebenza nepharadigm yokuhlela esebenzayo. Le paradigm ifana nemodeli yokuhlela eqhutshwa umcimbi.
I-Kotlin iwulimi lokuhlela oluklanyelwe ukwenza kube lula ukubhala izinhlelo zokusebenza. Kuyinto yesimanje ulimi lohlelo esebenzisa i-syntax ye-Java.
Umbono wami
Uma ufuna indlela entsha yokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Java, i-Quarkus ikufanele ukuzama. Ungasebenzisa ulimi lohlelo lwe-Java ukuze ubhale ikhodi njengonjiniyela. Kodwa, futhi a ithuluzi elinamandla lokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza.
Ngihlabeke umxhwele ngezinzuzo zokusebenza engizibonile uma ziqhathaniswa nokuthuthukiswa kwe-Java evamile. Uma ufuna ukuzama i-Quarkus ngokwakho, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola isifundo sethu sokuthi ungaqala kanjani.
shiya impendulo