Emzamweni wokushintsha i-C++ ehlonishwayo kodwa evilaphayo, abacwaningi be-Google bethule ulimi olusha sha "lokuhlola" lokuhlela umthombo ovulekile olubizwa nge-Carbon.
Ikhabhoni ingasebenza njengolimi olulandela ku-C++, olunikeza isiqalo esilula sabathuthukisi bolimi olusha olubhekana nemiqondo yokuthuthukisa yesimanje njengokuphepha kwenkumbulo nezinto ezijwayelekile.
Lokhu kuzofana nendlela iMicrosoft eyakha ngayo i-Typescript ukuze ibuyekeze i-JavaScript ne-Kotlin ukuze kuqiniswe ubuthakathaka ku-Java.
I-Google ithuthukise izilimi eziningi zokuhlela phakathi neminyaka, ezinye zazo ezizuze udumo olukhulu nokuvelela.
Isibonelo, i-Golang (noma i-Just Go) yathuthukiswa ukuze iqhubekisele phambili ukudalwa kwamaseva namasistimu asabalalisiwe futhi kamuva yamukelwa umphakathi jikelele.
UDart ulimi lohlelo, eyakhiwa esikhundleni se-JavaScript, ayizange yaziwe kuze kube yilapho kwethulwa i-Flutter.
U-Chandler Carruth, isisebenzi se-Google, wethule umbono wakhe wolimi olusha lwezinhlelo olubizwa nge-Carbon ngoJulayi 19, 2022, emhlanganweni we-Cpp North eToronto, ngokusho kukaConor Hoekstra, owaba khona futhi waqopha ama-slides.
Ukuze kusethwe isimo, uCarruth ubonise ukuthi izilimi ezimbalwa zezinhlelo ezithandwa kakhulu zosuku lwanamuhla zinenzalo kanjani eyenza onjiniyela bakwazi ukukhiqiza ngokushesha futhi bazuze ekwakhiweni kolimi kwesimanje.
Ake siqale ngesethulo esijwayelekile solimi lokuhlela lwe-Carbon, okuhlanganisa izici zalo, injongo yokusungulwa kwalo yi-Google, nokuningi.
Isingeniso solimi lwe-Carbon Programming
Ngomhla ziyi-19 kuJulayi 2022, i-Google yembula i-Carbon njengolimi lokuhlela olusha oludalile. Yayihloselwe ukufaka esikhundleni se-C++ ngokuhlola.
Siyabonga a uhlelo lwamajenerikhi, eqeda isidingo sokuhlola kabili ikhodi ngesinyathelo ngasinye, Ikhabhoni izokwakhiwa ngesisekelo semiqondo yesimanje yokuhlela.
Ekupheleni konyaka, umklamo uhlela ukuhlinzeka ngenguqulo eyisisekelo yokusebenza (inguqulo 0.1).
Ubuqotho benkumbulo buyinto ebalulekile u-C++ engekho. Omunye wemithombo eyinhloko yamaphutha okuphepha izinkinga zokufinyelela inkumbulo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kokuhlolwa kwemingcele eguquguqukayo, ukulandelelwa okukhulu kwezimo ezingakaqalwa, kanye nemodi yokulungisa ezenzakalelayo yokususa iphutha konke kuyimigomo yeqembu le-Carbon. Abadali bahlose ukudala isethi engaphansi ye-Carbon evikelekile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Nokho, okulandelayo izici ezibalulekile zolimi olusha lokuhlela:
- Ukuze uqambe izinhlobo, sebenzisa izisho.
- Amajenerikhi aqinile anokuhlolwa kwencazelo
- Izinhlobo zenza ngokukhethekile ukuxhumana
- imishwana yesingeniso nohlelo lolimi oluyisisekelo
- Izikhombisi zivumela ukufinyelela okungakhawulelwe nokuguqulwa.
- Amanani amapharamitha wokufakwayo komsebenzi afundwa kuphela.
- I-root namespace yiphakheji.
- Ama-API angangeniswa kusetshenziswa amagama amaphakeji awo.
- Indlela imenyezelwa ngepharamitha yento esobala.
- Amakilasi agcina ngokuzenzakalelayo; linye kuphela ifa
Izici ze-Carbon
Isimanjemanje futhi esathuthuka
- Ukuthuthukiswa phakathi kwezinguqulo ze-Carbon kulula futhi kusekelwe kumathuluzi.
- Ukusekela kolimi okuqinile, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzise i-C++, futhi kulula ukuyifunda
- Izisekelo eziphephile kanye nendlela yesinyathelo nesinyathelo kusethi engaphansi ephephile kwimemori
Ukwamukela umphakathi womthombo ovulekile
- Umphakathi olwela ukuba nemfudumalo, ukwamukela, nokumema
- Izinjongo zayo kanye nezinto eziza kuqala wukubusa okuhlukile nokuqinile
- Isu lakho konke okukodwa elinomhlanganisi, imitapo yolwazi, imibhalo, amathuluzi, ukuphathwa kwephakheji, nokuningi
Iyashesha futhi iyahambisana ne-C++
- Sebenza kanye ne Ikhodi ye-C ++ osuvele unazo, okuhlanganisa ifa nezifanekiso
- Nge-LLVM, ukusebenza kuqhathaniswa ne-C++ nokufinyelela kwezinga eliphansi kumabhithi namakheli
- Izakhiwo ezisheshayo nezingakala futhi ezihambisanayo nezinhlelo zakho zokwakha ezikhona ze-C++
Kungani i-Google yakhe ulimi lokuhlela lwe-Carbon?
Isoftware ebaluleke kakhulu ukusebenza iyaqhubeka nokubhalwa kakhulu ku-C++, enamakhodi amakhulu futhi andayo kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali.
Kodwa-ke, inenkinga yokuqhubekela phambili kanye nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zonjiniyela njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuqongelela isikweletu sobuchwepheshe seminyaka.
Kunzima kakhulu ukuthuthukisa i-C++ ngokwandayo ngenxa yesikweletu sobuchwepheshe esisiqoqile kanye nobunzima ngenqubo yayo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo.
Indlela ekahle yokuxazulula lezi zinkinga iwukuqala ngesisekelo esiqinile solimi, njengesistimu yesimanje yamajenerikhi, ukwakheka kwekhodi ye-modular, kanye ne-syntax engaguquki, eqondile, kunokuba uzuze ngokuqondile isiko le-C noma i-C++.
I-Go, i-Swift, i-Kotlin, i-Rust, nezinye izilimi eziningi zamanje sezivele zinikeza ulwazi oluhle kakhulu lwentuthuko. Onjiniyela abakwazi ukusebenzisa olulodwa lwalezi zilimi zamanje kufanele.
Ngeshwa, ukutholwa nokufuduka kusuka ku-C++ kuphazanyiswa kakhulu imiklamo yalezi zilimi. Lezi zithiyo zihlanganisa ukusebenza okungaphezulu kanye nokulungiswa komklamo we-idiomatic wesofthiwe.
Ikhabhoni akuwona umzamo wokuthuthukisa kancane kancane i-C ++; kunalokho, yisu lolimi olulandela. Igxile ekusebenzisaneni kwe-C++, kanye nokwamukelwa okusabalele nokufuduka konjiniyela nama-codebases asebenzisa i-C++ njengamanje.
Ulimi olungena esikhundleni se-C++ kufanele lube:
- Ukusebenza okuqhathaniswa ne-C++ kuyisici esibalulekile konjiniyela.
- Ijika lokufunda elilawulekayo nezinga lokujwayela labahleli bohlelo be-C++
- Ukufuduka okungaka futhi kufaka phakathi ukuhunyushwa kwekhodi ye-C++ yomthombo kuya emthonjeni.
- Ukuveza okufanayo nokusekelwa kwezakhiwo kanye nomklamo wesofthiwe yamanje.
- Ukusebenzisana ne-C++ okungenamthungo futhi okuqondiswe kabili, okuvumela noma iyiphi ilabhulali ukuthi isebenzise i-Carbon ngaphandle kokuthi ithuthe sonke isitaki.
Ngaleli su, i-Google yengeza ku-ecosystem esivele ikhona ku-C++ futhi ihlanganisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanje, izisekelo zekhodi, nemiphakathi yokuthuthukisa.
Izilimi ezimbalwa zamukele le ndlela kuma-ecosystem ahlukahlukene, futhi i-Carbon ifuna ukudlala umsebenzi ofanayo nowe-C++ kulezi zimo:
- Java - Kotlin
- JavaScript - TypeScript
- C++ – Ikhabhoni
C++ VS Ikhodi Yekhabhoni
Ikhabhoni kufanele ibe nejika lokufunda eliphansi uma usuvele ungunjiniyela we-C++. Yakhiwe ngesethi engaguquki yezakhiwo zegrama okufanele izwakale ingokwemvelo futhi kube lula ukuyifunda nokuyiqonda.
Isibonelo sekhodi ye-C++:
Le khodi Yekhabhoni ihambisana nalokhu:
I-Carbon vs Rust
Olunye ulimi lwamanje oluklanyelwe ngokucacile ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezinhlelo zokusebenza zokusebenza eziphephile kwimemori lubizwa ngokuthi i-Rust.
Ngakho kungani ungamane usebenzise i-Rust?
Ngenkathi abanye bephikisana ngokuthi iRust, eyaqala njengephrojekthi ye-Mozilla futhi ekhule yaba nabalandeli abaningi emphakathini, ilandela i-C++, uCarruth uyangabaza uma ukufana kusasebenza.
I-Rust ngokungangabazeki iwulimi oluhle kakhulu lokuqala iphrojekthi entsha, kodwa njengoba lushoda "ukusebenzelana okukabili" kwezilimi ezifana ne-Java & Kotlin, kuyinselele ukushintshela kuyo kancane kancane.
UCarruth wanikeza inkulumo e-CPP North futhi wakhuthaza abantu asebevele besebenzisa i-Rust ukuthi baqhubeke benza kanjalo. Onjiniyela asebevele banama-codebases amakhulu we-C++ okuyinselele ukuyiguqulela ku-Rust kufanele basebenzise i-Carbon.
Ikakhulukazi, i-Carbon yilokho uCarruth akubiza ngokuthi "ulimi olulandela," olwakhiwe phezu kwe-ecosystem ekhona, kulesi sibonelo C++.
Ngaleyo njongo, i-Carbon ihloselwe ukusebenzisana ngokuphelele nekhodi yamanje ye-C++, noma ngabe inezinjongo eziningi nge-Rust, njengokusiza abahleli bezinhlelo ekudaleni "izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi."
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihloselwe ukwenza ukusuka ku-C++ uye eCarbon kube lula ngangokunokwenzeka.
Isiphetho
Ekugcineni, abadali bolimi lwe-Carbon benze umzamo wokunaka inqubo yokudala. Ikhodi yephrojekthi iyatholakala ukuze uyicele futhi igcinwe ngokuvulekile I-Github, futhi isiko layo lichazwa njengelibandakanyayo nelivulekele izakhamizi ezizimele kanye nomkhakha we-IT.
Ithimba le-Carbon licabange ukuthi i-Carbon idinga ukuba iphrojekthi ezimele eqhutshwa umphakathi hhayi nje iphrojekthi egqugquzelwa i-Google ukuze ithuthuke esikhathini esizayo.
UCaruth wengeze ngokuthi naphezu kwentshisekelo evela kwinani lamabhizinisi e-IT, lo mqondo usesesigabeni sokuhlola.
shiya impendulo