I-Quantum computing iwubuchwepheshe obunoveli obusebenzisa i-quantum physics ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga ezingaphezu kwamandla amakhompyutha endabuko.
Izinkampani eziningi manje zizama ukwenza i-quantum hardware yangempela itholakale kumashumi ezinkulungwane zonjiniyela, ithuluzi ososayensi ababephupha ngalo emashumini amathathu eminyaka edlule.
Ngenxa yalokhu, onjiniyela bethu bavame ukusebenzisa amakhompiyutha e-quantum anamandla amakhulu, okusisondeza ejubaneni lekhompuyutha le-quantum namandla adingekayo ukuze kuguqulwe umhlaba.
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, sizobheka kabanzi i-compum computing kanye namathuluzi nezinhlaka ezihambisana nakho, kanye nokuthi bazoba kuphi ngo-2022.
Yini i-Quantum Computing?
Lawa ma-supercomputers akhiwe phezu kwezimiso ze-superposition kanye ne-entanglement, okuyizici ezimbili ze-quantum physics. Amakhompiyutha e-Quantum manje angenza imisebenzi ngamanani angama-oda wobukhulu ngokushesha kunamakhompiyutha avamile kuyilapho esebenzisa amandla amancane kakhulu.
Ngawo-1980, kwavela indawo ye-quantum computing. Kwabe sekuvezwa ukuthi ama-algorithms e-quantum ayesebenza kahle kakhulu kunokulingana kwawo okujwayelekile ekuxazululeni imisebenzi ethile yekhompyutha.
I-Quantum computing isiyalo sesayensi yamakhompiyutha egxile ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bamakhompiyutha ngokusekelwe emicabangweni ye-quantum theory. Isebenzisa ikhono elingavamile lezinhlayiya ze-subatomic ukuba zibe khona ezifundeni eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa, njengo-0 no-1. Ziyakwazi ukucubungula idatha eningi kakhulu kunamakhompyutha ajwayelekile.
Isimo se-quantum sento sisetshenziselwa ukudala i-qubit emisebenzini ye-quantum computing. Ama-Qubits amayunithi edatha ayisisekelo we-quantum computing. Ku-quantum computing, zisebenzisa umsebenzi ofanayo nezingcezu eziwenza kukhompyutha evamile, kodwa ziziphatha ngendlela ehluke kakhulu.
Amabhithi endabuko anambambili futhi angagcina kuphela indawo engu-0 noma engu-1, kuyilapho i-qubits ingase ihlanganise i-superposition yazo zonke izimo ezingaba khona.
Izinhlaka Ezingcono Kakhulu ze-Quantum Computing
1. Circq
I-Cirq yakhiwe ithimba le-Google le-Quantum AI. Isetshenziselwa ukuklama nokuthuthukisa amasekhethi e-quantum abuye ahlolwe kumakhompyutha we-quantum nezilingisi. I-Cirq yinhle kakhulu njengoba ihlinzeka ngezilingisi zokuthuthukisa ezifana nalezo ezibonwa empilweni yangempela.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi umtapo wolwazi usebenza ngendlela yawo ngemininingwane yezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezungeze i-NISQ (I-Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum) ukuze siqiniseke ukuthi i-algorithm noma isekethe ingaqhutshwa kukhompyutha ye-quantum yangempela ngemva kokuqedwa kwayo.
Ngenxa yalokho, inamandla okuxhashazwa ukudala ama-quantum circuits aguquguqukayo futhi asebenzisekayo. Iphinde ibe nezici zokusebenzisana. Isofthiwe engenisa futhi ethekelisa amasekhethi e-quantum nokulingisa, isibonelo.
Uhlaka lokuhlela amakhompyutha e-quantum anomthombo ovulekile. Cirq a Python iphakethe le-software elikuvumela ukuthi udale, ulawule, futhi ulungiselele amasekhethi e-quantum ngaphambi kokuwasebenzisa kumakhompyutha we-quantum nezilingisi.
I-Cirq iyisifinyezo esisebenza kahle sokubhekana namakhompyutha wesilinganiso esimaphakathi anamuhla anomsindo, lapho izidingo zehadiwe zibalulekile ukuze kutholwe imiphumela esezingeni eliphezulu.
Izici
- Kusuka emasangweni asebenza kuma-qubits, ungafunda ukuklama ama-quantum circuits. Funda ukuthi siyini isikhashana nokuthi amaqhinga ahlukahlukene okufaka angakusiza kanjani ekwakheni isifunda sakho esifanele. Funda ukuthi ungasika kanjani futhi udayisi amasekhethi ukuze udale amasekhethi amasha nathuthukisiwe.
- Imikhawulo yobuchwepheshe inomthelela omkhulu ekutheni isekethe ingasetshenziswa noma cha kuhadiwe yesimanje. Funda indlela yokuhlela Isevisi ye-Quantum Computing ye-Google kanye nendlela yokudala amadivayisi ukubhekana nale mikhawulo.
- Kokubili imisebenzi yamagagasi kanye namatrices wokuminyana anezifanisi ezakhelwe ngaphakathi e-Cirq. I-Monte Carlo noma ukulingisa kwe-matrix egcwele ukuminyana kungasetshenziswa ukubhekana namashaneli e-quantum anomsindo.
- Ukuze wenze izivivinyo kuma-quantum processors e-Google, i-Cirq isebenzisana ne-Quantum Computing Service.
2. I-ProjectQ
I-ETH Zurich idale i-ProjectQ, i-software evulekile ye-quantum computing software. Inikeza ukukhanya okuqinile futhi okuqondile i-syntax kubasebenzisi ukudala izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-quantum ku-Python. I-ProjectQ ingase iguqule le mibhalo ibe yinoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-back-end, noma ngabe isifanisi sekhompyutha sakudala noma iphrosesa ye-quantum.
I-ProjectQ ingase iguqule lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zibe yinoma yiluphi uhlobo lwama-back-end, njengesifanisi sekhompyutha sakudala noma iphrosesa ye-quantum, njengeplathifomu ye-IBM Quantum Experience.
Izici
- I-IT isezingeni eliphezulu ulimi lohlelo ngezinhlelo ze-quantum.
- Ine-modular compiler futhi eguquguqukayo.
- Iphinde inikeze inani lehadiwe nesoftware engemuva.
- Ilabhulali yekhompyutha ye-quantum (FermiLib) yokuxazulula izinkinga ze-fermionic
- I-IBM Quantum Experience chip, amadivayisi e-AQT, i-AWS Braket, namadivayisi anikezwe isevisi ye-IonQ angasetshenziswa ukusebenzisa ama-algorithms e-quantum.
- Ezingeni eliphezulu le-abstraction, izinhlelo ze-quantum zingalingiswa (isb, ukulingisa isenzo sama-oracles amakhulu esikhundleni sokuwahlanganisela kumasango asezingeni eliphansi)
- Kumakhompyutha wakudala, izinhlelo ze-quantum zingenziwa.
3. I-Tensoflow Quantum
Uhlaka lwe-Python i-TensorFlow Quantum (TFQ) ingeye-quantum ukufunda imishini. I-TFQ iwuhlaka lohlelo lokusebenza lwe-TensorFlow oluvumela i-quantum algorithm nabacwaningi bokufunda komshini ukuthi basebenzise izinhlaka ze-Google ze-quantum computing ngokuqondile kusukela ku-TensorFlow.
I-TensorFlow Quantum iwuhlelo olugxile kudatha ye-quantum kanye nokudalwa kwamamodeli we-quantum-classical hybrid. Ihlanganisa amasu ekhompuyutha e-quantum aklanywe i-Cirq kanye nengqondo nama-TensorFlow APIs, kanye nezilingisi zesekethe ze-quantum ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Uhlaka lwe-TFQ lungasetshenziswa ukusebenzisa amamodeli endabuko kanye ne-hybrid, njenge-Quantum CNN (QCNN). Ngenxa yalokho, i-TFQ ingasetshenziselwa noma iyiphi inkinga ebingakwazi ukuphendula ngaphambilini kusetshenziswa izindlela ezijwayelekile. Ukuze uphendule izinkinga ezithile zomhlaba wangempela, qala nge-TFQ ukuze udale amamodeli we-quantum noma we-quantum-classical hybrid.
Izici
- Abacwaningi bangasebenzisa i-TFQ ukuze bakhe ama-tensor besebenzisa idathasethi ye-quantum, amamodeli we-quantum, namapharamitha okulawula avamile kunethiwekhi eyodwa yokubala.
- Ama-tensor asetshenziselwa ukugcina idatha ye-quantum (uhlu lwezinombolo eziningi-dimensional). I-tensor ngayinye yedatha ye-quantum ichazwa njengesekhethi ye-Cirq quantum edala idatha ye-quantum endizeni.
- Umcwaningi angasebenzisa i-Cirq ukuze enze i-quantum inethiwekhi ye-neural lokho kuzofakwa kugrafu yekhompyutha ye-TensorFlow kamuva.
- Amandla okuqeqesha kanye nokusebenzisa amasekethe amaningi e-quantum isici esikhulu se-TensorFlow Quantum.
4. I-Percevel
I-Perceval iwuhlaka lomthombo ovulekile lokuhlela amakhompyutha we-photonic quantum athuthukiswe ngu-Perceval, ibhizinisi lase-French eligxile ekwakheni isizukulwane esisha samakhompyutha e-quantum asekelwe ekukhohlisweni kokukhanya.
I-Perceval inikezela ngamathuluzi okuqamba amasekhethi asuka ezingxenyeni ze-optical eziwumugqa, echaza imithombo ye-photon eyodwa, i-Fock state, isebenzisa ukulingisa kwe-quantum, ikhiqize kabusha amaphepha okuhlola ashicilelwe, futhi izame isizukulwane esisha sama-algorithms we-quantum ngokusebenzisa i-Python API elula egxile entweni.
Umgomo wayo uwukuba ithuluzi elingumngane wokwakha amasekhethi e-quantum photonic - wokulingisa kanye nokucwengisisa ukwakheka kwawo, ukumodela kokubili ukuziphatha okuhle nokwangempela, nokunikeza isixhumi esibonakalayo esimisiwe ukuze silawuleke ngombono wama-backends.
Ilungiselelwe ukuthi isebenze kudeskithophu yasendaweni, enezithuthukisi eziningi zamaqoqo e-HPC, futhi inikeza ukufinyelela kuma-backend ayinkimbinkimbi ukuze kulingisa izinombolo kanye nezingokomfanekiso zama-algorithms we-quantum kumasekhethi ezithombe.
Ungasebenzisa futhi inombolo ebanzi yezingxenye ezakhelwe ngaphambili ukuze udale ama-algorithms kanye namasekethe okubona omugqa ayinkimbinkimbi. Umtapo wolwazi wama-algorithms awaziwayo uyafinyeleleka, kanye nezifundo zokuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani.
Ungakwazi futhi ukusebenzisa imigqa embalwa yekhodi ukuze wenze izivivinyo ukuze ulungise kahle ama-algorithms, uqhathanise nedatha yokuhlola, futhi udale kabusha okushicilelwe okushicilelwe.
Izici
- Isakhiwo esisodwa sohlobo esinikezelwe ngokuphelele ku-linear optics kanye ne-photonic quantum computing
- Le phrojekthi iphrojekthi yomthombo ovulekile enesakhiwo esijwayelekile esamukela iminikelo yomphakathi.
- Usebenzisa umtapo wezincwadi omkhulu wezinto ezakhelwe ngaphambili, dala ama-algorithms kanye namasekhethi omugqa wokukhanya ayinkimbinkimbi. Umtapo wolwazi wama-algorithms awaziwayo uyafinyeleleka, kanye nezifundo zokuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani.
- Linga ngama-algorithms ukuze uwacuphe kahle, uwaqhathanise nedatha yokuhlola, futhi ukopishe okushicilelwe okukhona ngemigqa embalwa yekhodi.
- Ukuze ulingise ama-algorithms e-quantum kumasekhethi ezithombe, sebenzisa ama-backend ayinkimbinkimbi. I-Perceval yakhelwe ukusebenza kudeskithophu yasendaweni ngokuya kwakho kokubili ukusebenza kwezinombolo nokungokomfanekiso, ngezithuthukisi eziningi zamaqoqo e-HPC.
5. Qiskit
Siyazi ukuthi uma sikhuluma ngobuchwepheshe besizukulwane esilandelayo, i-IBM izoba nokuthile esingakunikeza. Impela kunjalo. QisKit iyinkundla yomthombo ovulekile yokuthuthukisa isoftware ye-quantum.
I-Qiskit wuhlaka lwesofthiwe oluxhaswe yi-IBM elenza kube lula ukuthi abasebenzisi bafunde ngalo i-compum computing. Ngenxa yokuthi amakhompyutha e-quantum kunzima ukutholakala, ungasebenzisa umhlinzeki wamafu njenge-IBM's Qiskit toolkit ukuze uthole ukufinyelela kweyodwa.
Kumahhala ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa, futhi yonke ikhodi injalo umthombo ovulekile. Kukhona incwadi eku-inthanethi ekufundisa zonke izisekelo ze-quantum physics, ewusizo kakhulu kwabaqalayo abangazi kahle ngesihloko.
Amakhompyutha e-Quantum angasetshenziswa ezingeni lama-pulses, ama-circuits, namamojula ohlelo lokusebenza.
Izici
- Abasebenzisi bamazinga ahlukahlukene bangasebenzisa i-Qiskit ukwenza ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwezicelo ngoba iza neqoqo eliphelele lamasango e-quantum kanye nohlu lwamasekhethi akhiwe ngaphambilini.
- Ungasebenzisa i-Qiskit Runtime ukuze uhlanganise izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-quantum kuma-CPU asekelwe emafini, ama-QPU, nama-GPU, futhi uqalise futhi uhlele imisebenzi kumaphrosesa we-quantum wangempela.
- I-transpiler iguqula ikhodi ye-Qiskit ibe yisekethe ephumelelayo isebenzisa isethi yesango lomdabu le-backend, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baklame noma iyiphi iphrosesa ye-quantum noma i-architecture enokufakwa okuncane.
Isiphetho
Ukufingqa, amakhompyutha e-quantum angangena ngokushesha kumasu anamuhla wokubethela ngesikhathi esifushane, kanti i-supercomputer enkulu kakhulu etholakalayo manje ithatha iminyaka.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amakhompyutha e-quantum azokwazi ukuqhekeza izikimu eziningi zanamuhla zokubethela, kulindeleke ukuthi athuthukise ezinye izindlela zobufakazi bokugebenga. Amakhompiyutha e-Quantum ayamangalisa ekubhekaneni nezinkinga zokwenza kahle.
shiya impendulo