Uchungechunge lwemiyalo noma ukugomela lubizwa ngokuthi uhlelo. Isakhiwo sohlelo lwe-C++ sakhiwe yilezi zitatimende. Kuyenzeka udale izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenza kahle kakhulu usebenzisa ulimi lokuhlela lwenhloso ejwayelekile C++.
Amakilasi, izinto, izindlela, nezimo eziguquguqukayo zingamathuluzi ambalwa angasetshenziswa ukubhala ikhodi ye-C++.
Ukuhlinzeka ngezici ze- uHlelo oluqondiswe entweni i-paradigm, C++ uhlelo lusekelwe ku-C.
Naphezu kokusekela izici eziningi, i-C++ ayiyona into ebheke entweni ngokuphelele ulimi lohlelo.
Amabhizinisi omhlaba wangempela acatshangwa njengezinto ezikuhlelo olugxile entweni. Ukuthuthukiswa nokugcinwa kwekhodi kwenziwa kube lula.
Izici ezigxile entweni ze-C++ zenza kube lula ukwakha nokuklama ikhodi eyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukwengeza, isakhiwo sohlelo lwe-C++ sihlukaniswe ngezigaba zemitapo yolwazi evamile, imisebenzi eyinhloko, nesigaba somzimba.
Ngakho-ke, lokhu okuthunyelwe kuzosenza sikwazi ukuqonda kahle ukwakheka kohlelo lwe-C++.
Isakhiwo sohlelo lwe-C++
Uhlelo lwe-C++ luhlelwe ngendlela ehlukile futhi ehlukile. Uhlelo ku-C++ luhlukaniswe lwaba izingxenye ezintathu ezilandelayo:
- Isigaba Semitapo Yolwazi Ejwayelekile
- Umsebenzi main
- Isigaba Somzimba
Ake sihlole ukuqaliswa kohlelo lwe-Hello World njengesibonelo:
Ingxenye Yemitapo Yolwazi Ejwayelekile
Uhlelo luvamise ukuqukatha ukwakhiwa kwezinhlelo okuhlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa imisebenzi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, amakilasi, amagama angukhiye, ama-constants, ama-opharetha, nokunye okuchazwe ngaphambilini kumtapo wezincwadi ojwayelekile we-C++.
Iheda efanelekile kufanele ihlinzekwe kuhlelo lokusebenza ukuze kusetshenziswe izingxenye ezichazwe ngaphambilini. Ukwengeza, izihloko ezijwayelekile zinikeza imininingwane efana nohlobo lwedatha lokungaguquguquki, isibonelo, incazelo, nohlobo lokubuyisela lwemisebenzi yelabhulali, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
Umyalelo okhethekile wangaphambi kokucubungula owaziwa ngokuthi #include amakhophi futhi unamathisele umbhalo wefayela eligcwele onikezwe phakathi kwabakaki be-engeli kukhodi yomthombo.
Ukusakaza okokufaka-kokukhiphayo kufushanisiwe njengokuthi “iostream” futhi kuyifayela elijwayelekile okufanele lifakwe nesihlanganisi se-C++. Okokufaka komsebenzisi namakhodi wokubonisa aqukethwe kulo myalo.
I-C++ Standards Committee yenze izinguquko ezimbalwa ku-C++ kusukela kwasungulwa ulimi. Isici esisha esifana nalesi salolu limi i-Namespace.
Inika amandla ukuhlanganisa izinto ezimbalwa ngaphansi kwegama elilodwa, okuhlanganisa amakilasi, izinto, imisebenzi, namanye amathokheni e-C++.
Izikhala zamagama ezihlukene zingakhiwa abasebenzisi abahlukahlukene. Bangasebenzisa amagama ezinkampani afanayo ngenxa yalokho.
Ngokwenza lokhu, iphutha lesikhathi sokuhlanganisa elethwa ukungqubuzana okufanayo namagama lizogwenywa.
Amabhizinisi ajwayelekile omtapo wolwazi aphinde ahlelwa yiKomidi Lamazinga le-C++ ngaphansi kwe-namespace std.
Kuwo wonke amagama asesethi ethile, indawo yamagama iyisiqalo esisetshenziswayo. Kulolu hlelo lokusebenza, amagama amabili - i-cout ne-endl - achazwe kufayela le-iostream.
Umsebenzi main
Umsebenzi wokuqalisa obizwa ngokuthi oyinhloko () uqala ukusebenza kohlelo lwe-C++. Umsebenzi oyinhloko usebenza njengesisekelo sanoma yiluphi uhlelo lwe-C++. Sonke isitatimende se-C++ esidinga ukusebenza sibhalwe kumsebenzi oyinhloko ( ).
Zonke iziqondiso ezifakwe kuma-curly braces wokuvula nokuvala” ezizungeze indikimba eyinhloko yekhodi zenziwa umdidiyeli ( ).
Uhlelo lunqanyuliwe futhi inani libuyiselwa kusistimu yokusebenza ngokushesha nje lapho yonke imiyalelo eyinhloko () isiqediwe.
Ku-C++, main () ngokuvamile inikeza isistimu yokusebenza inani le-int. Ngakho-ke, isitatimende se-return 0 kufanele size ekugcineni kwe-main (). Amanani okubuyisela okuthi 0 nangelona uziro abonisa impumelelo nokwehluleka, ngokulandelana.
{ ikhombisa ukuqala kwebhulokhi yekhodi futhi } isho isiphetho sayo.
Uma isofthiwe yakho isetshenziswa yikhompuyutha, isistimu yokusebenza ibiza lo msebenzi.
Isigaba Somzimba
Ukukhishwa kohlamvu kubhekiselwa kukho yi-acronym cout, ebonisa noma yini efakiwe phakathi << kubakaki.
Uma kuhlanganiswe negama elingukhiye elithi cout, izimpawu << zingasebenza njengemisebenzi futhi.
Uhlelo luyalelwe ukubuyisela inani kumsebenzi we-int main usebenzisa igama elingukhiye lokubuyisela.
Ingxenye yesistimu yokusebenza eqale lolu hlelo lokusebenza iphinda ilawule ukusetshenziswa ngemva kwesitatimende sokubuyisela.
Ikhodi iyayeka ukusebenza kuleli phuzu.
Amazwana
Umhlanganisi uziba imigqa emithathu yokuqala yalolu hlelo olungenhla njengoba ingamazwana. Uhlelo luqukethe imibono ukuze lufundeke kakhudlwana.
Uma amazwana emancane ngokwanele ukuthi angangena emugqeni owodwa, andulelwa ukulandelana kwe-slash emugqeni wokuqala wohlelo.
Uma amazwana anemigqa eminingana, ahlukaniswa izinhlamvu /* kanye */.
Izici ze-C++
- Ukuze uthuthukise ukuphathwa kwememori, ungasebenzisa okusha kwe-C++ futhi ususe ama-opharetha ukuze unikeze amandla inkumbulo ngesikhathi uhlelo lusebenza.
- Imiqondo evelele ye-OOPs efana ne-Abstraction, Ifa, I-Ecapsulation, kanye Nefa ingasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-C++ njengoba i-C++ inikeza izici zokuhlela ezigxile entweni. Lezi zici zenza ukuthuthukisa Ikhodi ye-C ++ elula kakhulu.
- Njengoba iningi labahlanganisi be-C++ lithobela i-ANSI, i-C++ iyaphatheka ngoba izinhlelo ezibhalelwe isistimu yokusebenza eyodwa zingase zisebenze ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kwenye.
- Ku-C++, sinemisebenzi eyenza kube lula ukuhlukanisa inkinga ibe izingxenye ezilawulekayo zekhodi futhi sihlele uhlelo ngendlela ethuthukisa ukufundeka nokusebenziseka kabusha.
- Ukwaba inkumbulo eguquguqukayo kusekelwa i-C++. Imemori eyabiwe ingahlala ikhululiwe. Ukwengeza ku-C++, lolu limi lunikeza namasu okuphatha inkumbulo ashukumisayo.
- Njengoba izikhathi zayo zokuhlanganisa neyokwenza zimfushane, i-C++ iwulimi olusheshayo. Iphinde inikeze ukukhethwa okukhulu kwamafomethi edatha ahlukene, imisebenzi, nama-opharetha.
- Amapulatifomu ayahluka uma kukhulunywa nge-C++. Sengikushilo lokho, izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-C++ zingasebenza kumakhompuyutha amaningana ngaphandle kokuguqulwa okuncane.
Kuqedwe uhlelo lwe-C++
Nali uhlelo oluqondile lwe-C++ oluzokuvumela ukuthi wengeze izinombolo ezimbili futhi ubambe ngokugcwele ukwakheka kwazo.
shiya impendulo