Isiqulatho[Fihla][Bonisa]
I-Zuckerberg vs. Buterin-ngubani oya kuba nempembelelo enkulu kwi-intanethi yesizukulwana esilandelayo?
Iminyaka yokuqala yee-2020s sele isinike umbono wekamva lewebhu.
Iibhiliyoni zeerandi ze-cryptocurrencies kunye ne-asethi yedijithali zithengiswa yonke imihla. Iinkampani ezinkulu zibamba iipetabytes zedatha ukuqeqesha ii-algorithms eziba ngcono ngokucofa rhoqo.
Ubhubhani wehlabathi wamva nje uvavanye amanzi kwinguqu entsha yeparadigm: indlela yokuphila yedijithali.
Kweli nqaku siza kujonga ikamva le-intanethi sisebenzisa iilensi ezimbini zabona bantu banempembelelo kakhulu kubuchwephesha namhlanje: umseki kaFacebook. UMark Zuckerberg kunye ne-Ethereum Vitalik Buterin.
Iimboni ezimbini eziselula
Lulula uthelekiso—omabini la madoda ayeyeka ukufunda ekholejini, elandela ezawo iiprojekthi ngempumelelo enkulu. Nangona iindlela zabo zivakala zifana, umbono wabo kunye nomsebenzi usinika iingqikelelo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo malunga nokuba ikamva le-intanethi linokuba yintoni na.
NgeZuckerberg, siza kujonga umbono we-intanethi edibanisa abantu kwaye idale uluntu. Ngeprojekthi ye-Ethereum ye-Buterin, sibona ikusasa elingagcini nje ukucacisa i-intanethi, kodwa liphinde lichaze kwakhona indlela esisebenzisana ngayo nemali, oorhulumente, kunye nentsingiselo "yethemba".
Ukunyuka kukaFacebook
IZuckerberg yasungulwa zintwd.com ngoFebruwari 2004.
Emva phaya, yayiluluhlu lwabafundi bakhe baseHarvard, apho umfundi ngamnye wayenokufaka ulwazi lwakhe kunye neefoto kwitemplate. Lo mbono ubonakale uyimpumelelo, kwaye ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sabafundi ababhalisela ukungena kwiiveki ezimbini zokuqala.
Kamva kwelo hlobo, uZuckerberg wayeka eyunivesithi ukuze agxile kuFacebook. Iqela lakhe lafudukela ePalo Alto, eCalifornia, apho wakhawuleza wafumana imali yembewu kumaphulo ongxowankulu uPeter Thiel. Kunyaka olandelayo, i-Facebook yafumana i-12.7 yezigidi zeedola ngaphezulu kwi-capital capital.
Ukuvumela abafundi bezikolo eziphakamileyo ukuba babhalise kwandise ukufikelela kwabo kumanqanaba amatsha.
Inkampani yakhe yalile ukufunyanwa kwezinto ezininzi ezivela kwizigebenga ezifana neYahoo kunye neMicrosoft. Njengoko isiphumo sothungelwano lwe-app sibambekile, isiseko somsebenzisi sinyuke ngesantya esimangalisayo.
UFacebook wakhawuleza wandisa usetyenziso lwayo lwangaphambili, emva kokuba efumene i-Instagram, WhatsApp, kunye nezinye izinto zokuqala. Nge-28 ka-Okthobha, i-2021, i-Facebook yazihlaziya njenge I-Meta Platforms Inc., ukuguqulwa kwegama elibonisa ukugxila kwalo ekwakheni "i-metaverse".
Namhlanje, iMeta ngoku yenye yezona nkampani zibaluleke kakhulu kwihlabathi, ezijoyina iklabhu ye-elite ye-tech giants exabisa ngaphezulu kwetriliyoni yeedola. I-Facebook okwangoku ine-2.91 yezigidigidi abasebenzisi abasebenzayo ngenyanga.
Ngolawulo lwayo olulawulayo kwimeko yangoku ye-intanethi, nantoni na uMark Zuckerberg aceba ukuyenza nge-empire yakhe yedijithali ngokuqinisekileyo iya kwenza amaza.
Ukuzalwa kukaEthereum
I-Vitalik Buterin yayisekuqaleni kwe-crypto kwasekuqaleni.
Umbhali waseRashiya waseKhanada kunye nomdwelisi sele ethatha inxaxheba kuluntu lweBitcoin ekuqaleni kwe-2011. Kule mihla yokuqala, uButerin waphawula ukuba uchithe iiyure ezili-10-20 ngeveki ebhala izithuba zeblogi ezinxulumene neBitcoin.
Amanqaku akhe akhokelela kwintsebenziswano kunye nomnye umthandi weBitcoin, uMihai Alisie, apho basungula i-Bitcoin Magazine ngasekupheleni kuka-2011. Nge-crypto ethatha ixesha lakhe elininzi, wagqiba ekubeni ashiye kwiYunivesithi yaseWaterloo ukuze aqhubele phambili ukuthanda kwakhe okutsha ngokupheleleyo- ixesha.
Ngasekupheleni kwe-2013, i-Buterin yaqala ukucinga ngendlela entsha ye-cryptocurrency, ingcamango eya ekugqibeleni ikhokelela ekudalweni kwe-Ethereum. I-Buterin yaqaphela ukuba iiprojekthi ezininzi ze-crypto zixhalabile kakhulu ngezicelo ezithile kwaye zazingekho ngokwaneleyo ngokubanzi.
Wabona ukuba endaweni yokugxila kwiiprotocol ezithile, wayenokudala iprojekthi ecwangcisiweyo.
I-cryptocurrency enokucwangciswa yayithetha ukuba unokwenza okungakumbi kunoko iBitcoin ibikwazi ukuyenza ngoku. I-Ethereum yayingaphezulu kwemali yedijithali-yayiyi-software ye-software.
Kwi-2014, i-Vitalik Buterin yazisa ngokusemthethweni i-Ethereum. Wakha iqela elomeleleyo leengcali zezibalo, abadwelisi benkqubo, kunye noosomashishini abatsale abatyali-mali abaninzi. Kungekudala wafumana isibonelelo se-Thiel Fellowship ye-100,000 yeedola, kwaye kwaqikelelwa ukuba alandele ekhondweni lababonisi bezobuchwepheshe abafana noMark Zuckerberg kunye noSteve Jobs, bonke basebancinci be-20.
Kwiminyaka nje esixhenxe kamva, iButerin inexabiso elingaphezu kwe-1.46 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kunye neprojekthi yakhe ye-Ethereum ngoku inethiwekhi ye-cryptocurrency yesibini ngobukhulu, ngezantsi nje kweBitcoin.
Ngaphezulu kwe-17 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zeempawu ze-Ether zitshintshwa imihla ngemihla. Ngoku kukho amawaka ezicelo ezicwangcisiweyo kwi-ikhosistim yayo. Konke kubulela kwingcamango eqaqambileyo yokwenza i-Bitcoin ibe nobuchule.
IZuckerberg vs Buterin: Zahluke njani?
KwiCensorship
Kumxholo wokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo, izenzo zikaZuckerberg zihlala zingqubana nokuma kwakhe esidlangalaleni. Wayezithethelela ngokungagungqiyo kwintetho yasimahla kwiYunivesithi yaseGeorgetown.
“Singaqhubeka nokumela inkululeko yokuthetha, siqonde ukonakala kwayo ... okanye sinokuthatha isigqibo sokuba iindleko zinkulu kakhulu,” uyacacisa. "Ndikholelwa ukuba kufuneka siqhubeke simela inkululeko yokuthetha."
Nangona kunjalo, kubonakala ngathi ukuma kukaZuckerberg kwintetho yamahhala kubonakala kuxhomekeke kwimeko. Kutshanje, uZuckerberg uye waba ngumxholo wokugxekwa xa uFacebook walandela amabango karhulumente waseVietnam wokonyusa ukubalwa kwezithuba “ezinxamnye nombuso”.
I-Facebook nayo iye yaba ngqongqo kunye nezikhokelo zabo, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokunyuka kwamatyala e-COVID-19 yolwazi olungeyonyani kunye nentetho yentiyo. Nangona izizathu zazibonakala zichanile ngelo xesha, abaninzi boyika ukuba ubuchule beqonga bokucutha bunokusetyenziswa kakubi.
I-Vitalik Buterin ithatha i-censorship kwiindawo zoluntu ibonakala igxeka ngokungathanga ngqo izenzo zikaMark Zuckerberg. Kwi ngeposi blog ngo-2019, uButerin ugqiba kwelokuba "ukulawulwa kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke kubi, nokuba iindawo zoluntu azikho phantsi kukarhulumente."
Uxoxa ngelithi kuba amaqonga anje ngoFacebook, Twitter, kunye neYouTube sele zisebenzisa iindlela ezikhethiweyo zokwandisa unxibelelwano, kutheni la maqonga angasebenzisi ezi zixhobo zifanayo ukukhuthaza “iinjongo zentlalo.”
Kwi-Cryptocurrency
Ngelixa igalelo le-Buterin kwi-crypto linokuthi lihambe ngaphandle kokuthetha, i-Zuckerberg kunye ne-Facebook nazo zinezicwangciso ezinkulu kwi-cryptocurrency space. Ekuqaleni kuka-2019, uFacebook waqinisekisa ukuba basebenza nge-cryptocurrency yabo, eyaziwa ngokuba yiLibra.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yenkcaso emandla evela kwiibhanki ezingoovimba, le projekthi kamva kwafuneka ithobe amabhongo abo ukuze bagxile ekuphuhliseni i-stablecoin yabo. I-Stablecoins luhlobo lwe-cryptocurrency enexabiso elisisigxina, edla ngokubotshelelwa kwisiseko esithile semali.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-Facebook ikhuphe eyabo i-wallet ye-crypto kwaye i-stablecoin iye yacotha. UFacebook kamva waphinda waphinda waphinda wabuyisela imali yabo kwiLibra ukuya kwiDiem, kunye nabaninzi abagxeki ukubiza iprojekthi ngakumbi njenge "I-Paypal-kodwa-yi-Facebook."
Ngokwabelwa amagunya kunye nokuThemba
Ukuthembela yeyona nto ixhalabisayo kwimeko yangoku yeBig Tech. Ngobuninzi bobomi bethu buba yinxalenye yoqoqosho lwedatha, umbuzo uhlala uhleli: siyayithemba iBig Tech ngedatha yethu?
I-Facebook sele iphantsi kwesigxeko esinamandla sokuvumela i-Cambridge Analytica ukuba isebenzise idatha yomuntu siqu yezigidi zabasebenzisi be-Facebook. Kukho neenkxalabo zokuba i-Facebook ngokwayo njengombutho ibonakala iphantsi kolawulo oluthe ngqo lwe-CEO yayo.
Umxeli wamva nje ukuvuza bonisa ukuba impembelelo kaMark Zuckerberg kwimigaqo-nkqubo yenkampani ngokubanzi "ayizange ibonwe ngaphambili kwinkampani yolu hlobo." Esi sakhiwo sisembindini sishiya ucango luvulekile ukuze lusetyenziswe kakubi.
Njengomxhasi wokwabela amagunya, uButerin uyayixabisa ingcamango yokungathembeki-ukukwazi kwesicelo ukuqhubeka nokusebenza ngendlela elindelekileyo ngaphandle kokudinga ukuthembela kubantu abathile ukuyigcina ngolu hlobo. KwiButerin, themba kucingela indlela abanye abantu abaziphatha ngayo.
Ngokomzekelo, ukungalimeli ukutya kwakho luhlobo oluthile lokuthembela. Siyathemba ukuba abantu aboneleyo kwezoqoqosho baya kuthengisa ukutya ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zoluntu. Xa siqhuba isicelo, siyathemba ukuba abaphuhlisi babhale ikhowudi yabo ngokunyanisekileyo nangobuchule.
Kwisicelo esinatyisiweyo, akukho mfuneko yakuthemba abantu. Abantu abasebenzisa i-Ethereum banokuqiniseka ngokupheleleyo ukuba ukuthengiselana kusemthethweni, yonke into icacile, kwaye akukho mntu unokutshintsha indlela u-Ethereum asebenza ngayo kwi-fly.
Ikamva le-Intanethi
Iiprojekthi zeMeta's Metaverse
Inyani ebonakalayo kunye nesidingo sentsebenziswano ekude yenze i-metaverse ibe ngumxholo oshushu eSilicon Valley.
UFacebook, ngoku iMeta, ubheje kakhulu kwizicwangciso zabo ze metaverse. Zuckerberg Ithi ukuba kungekudala i-Facebook ayizukwaziwa njengefemu yemidiya yoluntu, kodwa njengomdlali oyintloko kwixesha elizayo.
Iprojekthi Aria yiprojekthi yophando eya kunceda i-Facebook idale itekhnoloji ye-Augmented Reality (AR) yexesha elizayo. Ngesi sixhobo, abasebenzisi banokubona ihlabathi lokwenyani ngolwazi olongeziweyo besebenzisa iiglasi ezinxitywayo. I-hardware ikwabandakanya ukulandelwa kwamehlo kunye nezinzwa zevidiyo kunye nesandi.
Facebook Amagumbi okusebenzela eHorizon iya kuvumela intsebenziswano ekude usebenzisa iteknoloji yeVR. Ungajoyina igumbi elibonakalayo kwikhompyuter yakho kwaye ube neencoko ezicacileyo eziziva ngathi nikunye kwigumbi elinye.
IMetaverse eyakhiwe kwi-Ethereum
Nini Xa ebuzwa malunga ne-Ethereum kunye nalapho bekuya kuba khona kwiminyaka emihlanu okanye eyi-10 ezayo, uButerin waphendula ngethemba "Ngethemba lokuqhuba i-metaverse,". Kwaye ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ingqikelelo yakhe inesiqalo esihle. Iiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo ze-metaverse blockchain zisebenza kwinethiwekhi ye-Ethereum.
- I-Axie Infinity yifowuni ethandwayo umdlalo yevidiyo esebenzisa iqonga le-Ethereum. Lo mdlalo uvumela abadlali ukuba bathenge, bakhulise kwaye balwe nezilo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-Axies ukuze baphumelele kwimali yomdlalo. Le projekthi yemetaverse ide yaba ngumthombo osemthethweni wengeniso kubadlali abakumazwe asakhasayo.
I-Decentraland yenye iprojekthi ye-metaverse eyakhiwe kwi-platform ye-Ethereum. I-Virtual estate kwi-Decentraland yi-asethi yedijithali enokuthengwa ngophawu lwe-MANA, imali yase-Decentraland engaphakathi kumdlalo.
I-Buterin iwazi kakuhle umkhwa oye wakhawuleziswa ngubhubhane. I-Intanethi ngoku isembindini wamava abantu. Xa ebuzwa malunga nezicwangciso ze-Facebook zokugxila kwi-metaverse yabo, u-Buterin waphawula ukuba kunengqiqo ukwakha kwelo cala.
Ulumkise nangona kunjalo, ukuba imbali kaFacebook yamahlazo inokuba ngumqobo endleleni. Ngenxa yokukhula kokungathembi i-Facebook njengeqonga, isigebenga semidiya yoluntu sinokufuna ukujonga itekhnoloji yebhloko esele isekiwe ukwakha i-metaverse yabo.
IsiXeko esiSmart
I-Facebook njengeqonga namhlanje sele iluncedo ekudibaniseni uluntu, imibutho, kunye nemibutho karhulumente. Facebook nokuba uyabonelela izikhokelo kunye nezona nkqubo zingcono zamaqumrhu karhulumente wasekhaya ajonge ukuqala awawo amaphepha kaFacebook.
Nangona kunjalo, inkampani ixhomekeke kuyo ukugxeka. UFacebook utyholwa ngokwenza ukusasazwa kolwazi olungachananga, ukuphembelela unyulo, kunye nokudlala indima ekuphembeleleni ubundlobongela. Ngemiba yamaqonga aphakathi afana ne-Facebook kunye ne-Twitter engaphenduliyo, ezinye iingcali zetekhnoloji zijonge ukwakha ezinye iindlela ezinatyisiweyo.
Kwincwadana esanda kupapashwa isikhundla, I-Buterin ichukumise amandla amakhulu eteknoloji ye-blockchain ukutshintsha indlela esiqhuba ngayo oorhulumente basekhaya.
Ukhankanya iiprojekthi ezifana ne-citycoins.co ejolise ekudaleni amathokheni asekuhlaleni anokunceda abemi baxhase izixeko zabo ngelixa befumana i-Bitcoin ecaleni.
Kwinqaku lakhe ukhankanya iindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo imibono ye-blockchain enokunceda izixeko:
- Ukwenza uguqulelo oluthenjiweyo, olungafihliyo kunye nokuqinisekiswa kweenkqubo ezikhoyo.
- Ukuphumeza iindlela ezintsha nezilingwayo zobunini (ezifana nomhlaba, nezinye ii-asethi ezinqabileyo) kunye neendlela ezintsha nezilingwayo zolawulo lwedemokhrasi.
I-Buterin ikholelwa ukuba iibhlokhi inokunceda ukudala iinkqubo ezithembekileyo. Izicelo ezinokwenzeka ziquka isiqinisekiso esingcono, ukubhaliswa kwe-asethi, kunye nokuvota. Ngaphandle koku, itekhnoloji ye-blockchain isenendlela ende yokuhamba ngaphambi kokufumana ukwamkelwa koluntu.
isiphelo
Ikamva le-intanethi alikabekwa ematyeni, kodwa itekhnoloji esiyisebenzisayo namhlanje inokuba sisiseko sayo nantoni na elandelayo.
Ngaba ikamva le-intanethi liya kuba kukuqhubeka kolawulo lweBig Tech esiyibonayo namhlanje? Okanye ngaba izicelo ezinatyisiweyo ziya kuphumelela kwaye zibe ziziseko ezingundoqo ezisemgangathweni kunxibelelwano, kwezemali, nakulawulo?
Ngokunokwenzeka, kuya kuba kwindawo ethile phakathi. Ayikho i-Ethereum okanye i-Facebook ebonisa naziphi na iimpawu zokucotha. Kwaye njengoko obu buchwepheshe bungqubana, ngokunjalo nezimvo zethu zokuba iwebhu kufuneka ibe yintoni. Imiba efana nobumfihlo bedatha, ukuvalwa, kunye nokuthembana kuya kuhlala kuhambelana njengoko ubomi bethu buqhubeka busanda kwilizwe ledijithali.
Yabelana ngeli nqaku ukuba ulifumana linobulumko. Ungaphoswa ziindaba zamva nje kwi-AI, ML, kunye nobuchwephesha bexesha elizayo ngokubhalisela ezethu kwiphepha leveki!
Shiya iMpendulo