Kubomi bokwenyani nakwilizwe ledijithali, sihlala sifuna ukubonisa ubungqina kwabanye. Phambi kokungena kwisakhiwo seofisi, abasebenzi badla ngokunikezela ngolunye uhlobo lwesazisi ngaphambi kokuba bangene ngaphakathi.
Xa abasebenzisi bezama ukungena kwi-app efana ne-Facebook okanye i-Twitter, ezi nkonzo kufuneka ziqale zicele umsebenzisi ukuba angene nge-password kwaye ngamanye amaxesha i-passcode yexesha elinye (OTP) ithunyelwa kwisixhobo sabo esiphathwayo.
Icala elisezantsi lokubonelela ngobungqina kukuba sihlala sinikeza ezinye iintlobo zolwazi kude. Ukubonelela ngephasiwedi kwiwebhusayithi kusathetha ukuba iwebhusayithi ngokwayo igcina ikopi yegama eliyimfihlo kwiiseva zayo. Ukuba umntu ebenokugqekeza iskena sesazisi somqeshwa kwisakhiwo seofisi, bangakwazi ukufumana izitshixo zabucala zomntu wonke.
Ubungqina be-Zero-knowledge okanye ii-ZKPs zibonelela ngendlela yokuqinisekisa isazisi okanye ukuthengiselana ngaphandle kokubonelela ngolwazi olongezelelweyo. Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwayo kwi-cryptography, ii-ZKPs zitshintshwe yi iibhlokhi ukwenza iiprothokholi zokuqinisekisa ezikhuselekileyo nezinokwehla.
Yintoni uQinisekiso lokuNgena koLwazi?
Ubungqina bolwazi lwe-Zero lwacetywa okokuqala ngabaphandi be-MIT uSilvio Micali, uCharles Rackoff, kunye noShafi Goldwasser ngo-1985 kwiphepha labo. "Ulwazi oluntsonkothileyo lweeNkqubo zobungqina eziSebenzayo"
Eli phepha lazisa ingqikelelo yobunzima bolwazi. Oku kubhekiselele kwisixa solwazi malunga nobungqina obukhutshelwe ukusuka kwiprover ukuya kumqinisekisi. Ubungqina bokungabi nalwazi bujolise ekuvumeleni iqela ukuba libonise ukuba ingxelo ethile iyinyani kwelinye icala ngaphandle kokuchaza naluphi na olunye ulwazi.
Ii-ZKPs zingasetyenziswa njengenye indlela ekhuselekileyo kwiinkqubo zangoku zokuqinisekisa kwaye zinokongezwa kwiiprothokholi ze-blockchain ukugcina ukuthengiselana ngasese.
Zisebenza Njani Ii-ZKPs?
Umzekelo wehlabathi lokwenyani
Ukubonisa indlela obusebenza ngayo ubungqina obungenalwazi, makhe sijonge kumzekelo ongabonakaliyo we-ZKP.
Masithi unomhlobo obomvu-luhlaza ongaboniyo. Unayo kunye nawe iibhola ezimbini ezifanayo ezahlukeneyo kuphela ngombala: enye ebomvu, enye eluhlaza. Kumhlobo wakho, zikhangeleka ziyafana, kodwa njengomntu ongenabala, unokuzihlukanisa ngokulula.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ubonise kumhlobo wakho ukuba banemibala eyahlukileyo ngaphandle kokutyhila ukuba yeyiphi ibhola ebomvu okanye eluhlaza?
Kukho, ngokwenene, indlela yokubonisa oku ngaphandle kokutyhila imibala yeebhola. Okokuqala, kufuneka uvumele umhlobo wakho azibeke zombini iibhola ngasemva kwaye umxelele ukuba abonise nayiphi na ibhola kwaye ayifihle kwakhona. Emva koko, uxelela umhlobo wakho ukuba unokukhetha ukubonisa kwaloo bhola kwakhona okanye ayitshintshe nenye.
Ngalo lonke ixesha kuboniswa ibhola entsha, ungamxelela ukuba uyitshintshile na okanye hayi. Ukuba uqhubeka uqikelela umnxeba ochanekileyo, kuya kuba ngakumbi nangakumbi ukuba iibhola zinemibala eyahlukileyo. Umhlobo wakho ngoku kufuneka aqiniseke ukuba iibhola zinemibala eyahlukileyo ngaphandle kokumxelela ukuba zeziphi iibhola ezinombala.
Izicelo eziSebenzayo
Uninzi lwemizekelo ebonakalayo yobungqina obungenalwazi buwela kwiindidi ezimbini.
Okokuqala, ii-ZKPs zingasetyenziswa xa kuyilwa iiprothokholi. Sinokuqinisekisa ukuba amaqela ahlukeneyo akanako ukukopela okanye ukusebenzisa iprotocol. Okwesibini, ii-ZKPs zingasetyenziselwa ukuchonga.
Umzekelo, sinokusebenzisa i-ZKPs ukungena kwisicelo sewebhu ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphandle kokutyhila igama eliyimfihlo.
Makhe sijonge imizekelo embalwa yendlela esinokusebenzisa ngayo ubungqina bokuba akukho lwazi.
Uvoto nge-E
Enye edla ngokuxoxwa ngayo ngenkqubo yee-ZKPs yindima enokwenzeka kukuvota kwi-intanethi. Masithi sine-referendum ezayo apho abasebenzisi banokuvotela umgaqo-nkqubo ocetywayo. Umvoti ngamnye ofanelekileyo uvumelekile ukuba avote nokuba ngu-1 okanye u-0 kwivoti.
Besebenzisa ii-ZKPs, abavoti banokungqina ilungelo labo lokuvota ngaphandle kokuveza ubuni babo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ivoti nganye ayinakuchazwa nyani. I-ZKP eyongezelelweyo iya kusetyenziswa kwakhona ukubonisa ukuba ivoti yomsebenzisi othile yinxalenye yobalo lokugqibela lweevoti.
Ngokuphathelele imixholo ngokwayo yokuvota, inkqubo yokuvota inokuvelisa ubungqina obungenalwazi bokuba ibhalothi nganye ino-1 okanye u-0. Oku kufezwa ngaphandle kokwazi imixholo yokuvota ngokwayo.
Ubumfihlo beBlockchain
I-Blockchains efana ne-Bitcoin kunye ne-Ethereum ayixhasi ngokusemthethweni ukuthengiselana kwangasese. Ngethuba nje isipaji sakho seBitcoin sisesidlangalaleni, nabani na unokuya kumhloli webhloko onje Blockstream ukubona zonke iintengiselwano ukuba isipaji siyinxalenye.
Okwangoku, ukusebenzisa inkonzo efana nebhanki okanye iinkonzo zokuhlawula ezifana neCash App okanye iVenmo ikunika amandla okwenza izinto ngasese. Olu ncedo, nangona kunjalo, luza ngeendleko zokutyhila ulwazi lwakho kwinkonzo esembindini.
Sinokudibanisa ukungaziwa kunye nokwabiwa kwamagunya ngokongeza i-ZKPs kwiprotocol ye-blockchain. Ii-Cryptocurrencies ezifana ne-ZCash zisebenzisa i-ZKPs ukwenza utshintshiselwano lwangasese oluvumela abanini bemali ukuba bagcine ukungaziwa kwabo. Uninzi lwezi cryptocurrencies zisebenzisa uhlobo lwe-ZKP eyaziwa ngokuba yi-zk-SNARK.
Ezi ZKPs azifuni ukusebenzisana phakathi kweprover kunye nomqinisekisi.
Zero-Knowledge Rollups
I-ZK-rollups iyisisombululo esinobunzima esivumela ukuthengiselana kwe-off-chain ukuba kuqinisekiswe ngokukhawuleza kunye neentlawulo ezincinci zegesi. Ziyindlela yokudibanisa inani elikhulu lentengiselwano ye-Layer 2 kwaye ingenise kwi-protocol ye-Layer 1.
Ngaphandle kokubonelela ngemfihlo, i-ZKPs ivumela ukulinganiswa kweenkqubo ezinzima. Iiprothokholi zeBlockchain zingasebenzisa ii-ZKPs ukubonisa ukuba abasebenzisi baye balungisa ukuthengiselana okufanelekileyo, banebhalansi efanelekileyo, njalo njalo. Ezi zisombululo zikhuselekileyo kodwa zinokwehla zinokwenzeka kuphela ngobungqina bemathematika obenziwe ngaphandle kwekhonkco kwii-ZKPs.
Iiprothokholi ezifana ne-Looping zisebenzisa iziqinisekiso zolwazi olungenaziro ukunceda ukusetyenzwa kwentengiselwano ngaphandle kwekhonkco ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni ukhuseleko.
Izinto eziluncedo zoBungqina obungenalwazi
- Ii-ZKPs zithatha indawo yeendlela zokuqinisekisa ezingathembekanga kangako njengee-PIN okanye amakhadi okuzazisa
- I-ZKPS inyusa ubungakanani be-blockchains
- Ukuphunyezwa kwe-ZKP kufuna iindlela ezilula zokufihla
- Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ZKPS kunokwenza iinkqubo zikhuseleke ngakumbi ngokungafuni ulwazi olungadingekile ukuba lugcinwe kwinkqubo.
isiphelo
Ubumfihlo bedatha sele ingumba ophambili kuzo zombini iinkqubo ezibekwe embindini kunye nezinatyisiweyo. Ubungqina bokungabi nalwazi bubonelela ngendlela yokuba amaqela ahlukeneyo aqinisekise okanye aqinisekise intengiselwano kunye nezazisi ngaphandle kokuveza intengiselwano okanye izazisi.
Njengoko iteknoloji ye-blockchain isetyenziswa ngokubanzi, ukwamkelwa kwe-ZKPs ukuphatha ukuqinisekiswa ngokukhuselekileyo kuya kuba ngundoqo kwiinkxalabo zokunyuka.
Shiya iMpendulo