Isiqulatho[Fihla][Bonisa]
Kwi-Intanethi, mna nawe sifunde ukuphila ngokuzazi. Sineeakhawunti, iilogins, kunye neepassword, kwaye siye safunda ukuhlala kunye nokuzilawula. Kukho iindlela zokulungelelanisa inkqubo, ngokukodwa kwiinkampani ezisebenzisa i-protocol kunye nendlela ye-SSO.
Kufuneka sivume ukusetyenziswa kwedatha yethu ngalo lonke ixesha sisebenzisa iwebhusayithi okanye isicelo. Kodwa akukho khetho: ukuba awucofa eli qhosha, awuzukwazi ukusebenzisa isicelo. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba izinto ziyaphucuka.
Ukwabela amagunya ngoku kugxotha indawo yokugcina nokuqokelela idatha. Decentralized identities(DIDs) ziya kuvumela abathengi ukuba bakhethe ukuba bayayixela okanye abayikuxela idatha yabo, eyona nto ibaluleke ngakumbi.
Kwesi sithuba, siza kujonga ngaphezulu kweZazi eziPhambili, indlela ezisebenza ngayo, izicelo zazo, nokunye okuninzi.
Ke, Yintoni i-Decentralized Identifier?
Izazisi ezinatyisiweyo zizinto zeminyaka emitsha yokuthembana eqinisekiswa ngokufihlakeleyo kwihlabathi jikelele (ii-UUIDs) ezingadingi gunyabantu lobhaliso. Bayakwazi ukuchonga abantu, imibutho engabonakaliyo, iinkampani, imodeli yedatha, kunye ne-Intanethi yezinto (IoT) izinto.
Isiseko se-DID kukubuyisela ubunini besazisi kubasebenzisi be-intanethi kwaye ubavumele ukuba bavelise ii-ID ezizodwa besebenzisa iindlela ezithembekileyo.
Abantu ngabanye kunye namashishini banokuxhamla ekwabelweni kwedatha engenamthungo, ekhuselekileyo, kunye nabucala besebenzisa itekhnoloji yeleja esasazwayo yebhloko ngokwenza uqinisekiso lwezazisi zisebenzisa ubungqina be-cryptographic obufana notyikityo lwedijithali (DLT).
Kufuneka sinikezele ngolwazi olubalulekileyo ukufikelela kwizicelo, iiwebhusayithi, iinkonzo, kunye nezixhobo kwimo yedijithali yanamhlanje.
Itekhnoloji ekhoyo yezazisi ezizodwa kwihlabathi (i-UUID) kunye namagama ezixhobo ezifanayo (i-URN) ifuna ugunyaziwe wobhaliso kwaye ayinakukwazi ukuqinisekisa ngobunini besazisi.
Ngenxa yoko, sihlala sichanabeke kuhlaselo lwabucala, ukubiwa kwedatha, kunye neminye imiba enxulumene noko.
Nangona kunjalo, usebenzisa isakhelo se-DID, abasebenzisi banokugcina ngokukhuselekileyo nangasese iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezazisi ezamkelekileyo, ezifana nezatifikethi ezikhutshwe ngurhulumente, iziqinisekiso zemfundo kunye nerhafu, kunye nolunye ulwazi oluchonga umntu (PII).
I-blockchain esekelwe kwi-ledger esasazwayo isebenza njengomthombo wazo zonke izichasi ezigcinwe kwi-wallet, kunokuba kuxhomekeke kwigunya eliphakathi lokusingatha ukuchongwa komsebenzisi. Ulwazi lwesazisi lugcinwa kwi-wallet elawulwa ngumsebenzisi endaweni yencwadi.
Ivumela abasebenzisi babelane ngemiba eyahlukeneyo yesazisi sabo kunye neenkonzo ezahlukeneyo njengoko bebona kufanelekile. Ngokungafaniyo nolwakhiwo oluphakathi, abasebenzisi banokunika kuphela ulwazi oluyimfuneko kuwo nawuphi na umbutho (iwebhusayithi, iapp, njl.njl.).
La maqumrhu anokuqinisekisa ubungqina esebenzisa i-blockchain-based ledger.
Isakhelo sokuchonga esinatyisiweyo
Ingundoqo DID inguqulelo, eyakhutshwa okokuqala yi-W3C, ichaza ukuba i-Decentralized Identifier yintambo yombhalo. Yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu:
- Ukugcinwa kwikhonkco lokuchongwa kwesikimu se-DID URI.
- Ukuchongwa kwendlela ye-DID.
- Indlela yokuchonga ye-DID.
Ii-DID ziyinxalenye yesiseko sedatha yexabiso elingundoqo lehlabathi, kwaye i-DID Documents ibanjwe kwi-Ethereum kunye nezinye i-blockchains ezifanelekileyo (umzekelo, izitshixo zikawonkewonke, ii-endpoints zenkonzo, kunye neeprothokholi zokuqinisekisa).
Ukubonelela ngemifuziselo yedatha echanekileyo kwi-bootstrap i-cryptographically verified interactions kunye nequmrhu elichongiweyo kwi-ecosystem yolawulo, ii-DID zisebenza njengezitshixo kunye namaXwebhu e-DID njengamaxabiso.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, uXwebhu lwe-DID lunesitshixo sikawonke-wonke sokungqinisisa. Ukusebenzisa iqhosha labucala elidityaniswe kuXwebhu lwe-DID, umnini walo unokungqina ubunini.
Yintoni eyenza ukuba izinto zokuchongwa ezinatyisiweyo zenzeke?
Izibonelelo ezingundoqo zoluntu
I-PKI yindlela yokhuseleko yolwazi eyenza isitshixo sikawonke-wonke kunye nesitshixo sabucala sequmrhu. Kwi iibhlokhi zenethiwekhi, i-cryptography yesitshixo sikawonke-wonke isetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa iinkcukacha zabasebenzisi kunye nokuqinisekisa ubunini be-asethi yedijithali.
Izitshixo zikawonke-wonke nezabucala zisetyenziswa kwezinye izazisi ezinatyisiweyo, njenge-akhawunti ye-Ethereum. Isitshixo sikawonke-wonke sichonga umlawuli we-akhawunti, ngelixa izitshixo zabucala zinokusayina kwaye zichaze unxibelelwano lwale akhawunti.
I-PKI inikezela ngobungqina obufunekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe amaqumrhu kunye nokuthintela ukulinganisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezazisi zobuxoki ngokusebenzisa i-cryptographic signatures ukuqinisekisa onke amabango.
Iivenkile zedatha ezinatyisiweyo
I-blockchain yirejistri yedatha eqinisekisiweyo: ivenkile evulekileyo, engathembekiyo, kunye neyolwazi. Ukufumaneka kweebhloko zoluntu kunciphisa isidingo sokugcina ii-ID kwiirejistri eziphakathi.
Nabani na ofuna ukujonga ukuba semthethweni kwesazisi esinatyisiweyo angafuna isitshixo esikhaphayo sikawonke-wonke kwi-blockchain. Oku kwahlukile kwii-ID eziqhelekileyo, ezifuna ukuqinisekiswa komntu wesithathu.
Ukusetyenzwa kweZalathi ezinatyisiweyo
Isichongi esinatyisiweyo ngumtya oquka inkqubo ye-URI, indlela ye-DID, kunye nesazisi esikhethekileyo se-DID.
Isampulu ye-DID imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: did:method:1234567890abcdefjhi I-DID nganye iguqulwa ibe luxwebhu lwe-DID oluqulethe umxholo we-cryptographic kunye nemetadata eyongezelelweyo yolawulo lwe-DID.
Ukuqonda ukuba zisebenza njani ii-DID, kufuneka siqale siqhelane neenkcazelo ezintathu ezisisiseko: isihloko se-DID, ubuchule be-DID, kunye noxwebhu lwe-DID. Besikhe sathetha ngazo ngaphambili, kwaye ngoku lixesha lokufunda ngakumbi ngazo.
Izinto ezisemva kwesazisi sedijithali sisihloko se-DID. Oku kunokuba ngumntu wokwenene, imveliso, isixhobo, indawo, okanye ishishini.
Uxwebhu lwe-DID yingqokelela yedatha equka ulwazi ngesifundo se-DID kunye neendlela ezivumela isichongi ukuba sisebenze, njengezitshixo zikawonke-wonke kunye ne-biometrics engaziwa.
Ngokwenyani, le yinto eza kusetyenziswa ngumxholo ukuze baziqinisekise kwaye babonise ubunini babo. Okokugqibela, indlela ye-DID yindlela evumela ii-DID kunye namaxwebhu e-DID ukuba asebenze ngokupheleleyo.
Ikuvumela ukuba uvelise, ufunde, uhlaziye, kwaye uvale isazisi kunye noxwebhu kwi-blockchain okanye nayiphi na enye i-DLT.
Le yindlela ezibonakala ngayo ii-ID ezinatyisiweyo ngaphakathi, kunye nendlela abaphuhlisi abavelisa ngayo kwaye balawule ngayo. Umsebenzisi wokugqibela usenokungayazi nenkqubo yonke.
Ukuba inkqubo ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bavelise i-DID, baya kubhalisela i-wallet yedijithali, bakhe i-digital identity, kwaye bayigcine kwi-wallet. Baya kuvelisa ikhowudi ye-QR ngexesha ngalinye kufuneka basebenzise ukuchonga ukuze baqinisekise kwaye bafikelele kwiinkonzo.
Okuzuzwayo kwiZazi ezinatyisiweyo
Ukuphuculwa kolawulo lwedatha kunye nobumfihlo
Makhe sikwenzele umzekelo. Wenze ipaspoti yedijithali kwaye uyigcine kwisipaji sakho sedijithali. Ngokuhlwanje ukhethe ukuya kwiclubbing, kodwa ukuzisa ipaspoti yokwenyani kuyingozi: ungonwaba kakhulu kwaye uphulukane nayo.
Ke umi emnyango weklabhu, kwaye umntu wokhuseleko ubuza iminyaka yakho kwaye ucela ipasipoti yakho ukuba iqinisekise.
Kwelinye icala, awuzange uphathe incwadana yakho yokundwendwela yokwenyani, kodwa awufuni nokubabonisa igama lakho elipheleleyo, umhla wokuzalwa ngqo, okanye inombolo yesazisi.
Yenza ngokulula ikhowudi ye-QR kwiwalethi yakho kwaye uyinike amagosa okhuseleko ukuba ayiskene. Loo mntu kwaye uya kuseka ikhonkco elikhuselekileyo ngokutshintshiselana nge-IDs, kwaye ulwazi luya kuqinisekiswa ngaphandle kokuchaza naluphi na ulwazi lwakho lomntu.
Ngale ndlela, unolawulo olupheleleyo kwidatha yakho kwaye unokhetho lokwabelana ngayo okanye hayi.
Ukhuseleko lobuqhetseba
Ii-DID zenza ukuba iinkampani ezikhupha izatifikethi zinike iziqinisekiso zokumelana nobuqhophololo. Imibutho efumana ii-IDs inokuthi emva koko ijonge ngokukhawuleza ukuba semthethweni kweziqinisekiso kwaye iqinisekise ukuba idatha ayizange yenziwe.
U khu seleko
I-Cryptography isetyenziselwa ukwenza, ukubhalisa, kunye nokukhusela ii-ID zedijithali ezinatyisiweyo. I-Cryptography ikuvumela ukuba wenze iintlobo ezimbini zezitshixo: esidlangalaleni kunye nabucala. Izitshixo zabucala zaziwa kuphela kumnini-zitshixo kwaye azinakwabelwana noluntu ngokubanzi.
Izitshixo zikawonke-wonke, kwelinye icala, zisasazwa ngokubanzi. Olu hlobo lokubhanqa lunokuphumeza imisebenzi emibini engundoqo: uqinisekiso kunye noguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo.
Isitshixo sikawonke-wonke sinokuqinisekisa ukuba umyalezo uthunyelwe ngumamkeli, kodwa ngumntu onesitshixo sabucala kuphela onokusikhupha.
Akukho kuhlanganiswa kwemethadatha
Isazisi esinatyisiweyo asiqokeleli imetadata kwaye asiyithumeli ngenxa yoko kumaqela esithathu. Ngenxa yoko, abasebenzisi beesayithi ezibavumelayo ukuba baseke ii-DIDs bayakulibala ukuba kunjani ukujoliswa kwiintengiso.
Izichongi ezinatyisiweyo sebenzisa imeko
Universal logins
Uchongo olunabileyo lunokwenza uqinisekiso olunabileyo luthathe indawo yegama lokungena esekwe kwigama eliyimfihlo. Oku kuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafikelele kumaqonga kunye neewebhusayithi ngaphandle kokukhumbula amagama ayimfihlo amade, okonyusa amava abo kwi-intanethi.
Uqinisekiso lwe-KYC
Iinkonzo ezininzi ze-intanethi zifuna abantu abaza kunika ubungqina kunye neziqinisekiso, njengelayisensi yokuqhuba okanye incwadana yokundwendwela yesizwe, ukuze bazisebenzise.
Nangona kunjalo, obu buchule buyingxaki kuba ulwazi lomsebenzisi wabucala lunokuthi lugqekezwe kwaye ababoneleli ngenkonzo abanakho ukujonga ubunyani bobungqina.
Iinkampani zinokuphepha iinkqubo zemveli ezaziwakho-uMthengi (KYC) ngokusebenzisa iiNkcazo eziQinisekisayo ukuqinisekisa iinkcukacha zomsebenzisi. Oku kwehlisa iindleko zolawulo lwezazisi ngeli lixa kuthintelwa ukusetyenziswa kwamaxwebhu omgunyathi.
Ukuvota kunye neeforamu ze-intanethi
Izinto ezimbini ezinomdla zokuchongwa kukuvota kwi-intanethi kunye nenethiwekhi yoluntu. Iindlela zokuvota kwi-Intanethi zisesichengeni sokuqhathwa, ngakumbi xa abadlali abangalunganga besenza iinkcukacha zobuxoki ukuze bavote.
Ukucela ubungqina be-on-chain kubantu ngabanye kunokuphucula ukuthembeka kweenkqubo zokuvota kwi-intanethi. Ukuchongwa kwamagunya kunokunceda ekudaleni uluntu lwe-intanethi ngaphandle kweeakhawunti zobuqhophololo.
Ikamva leZichongi ezinatyisiweyo
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba izichongi ezinatyisiweyo ziseziintsana, kunye nemibutho kunye noorhulumente belinga nje kwaye bevavanya itekhnoloji, ii-DIDs zinamandla okuba bubuchwephesha obudumileyo nobuqinileyo, kuba kukho umdla omkhulu kuphuhliso lwayo oluvela kumashishini kunye nabaphulaphuli.
Sikwakwisiphelo sexesha elitsha lokunatyiswa kwabantu elaziwa ngokuba yiWeb3. Oku kunokumangalisa, kodwa sele kukho izindululo zeWeb5 ezidadayo malunga nalapho izichongi eziya kuba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kunye nenxalenye yekamva lethu ledijithali.
Elo kamva alikho kude, kwaye ukuba amashishini kunye nemibutho bafuna ukuhlala bekhuphisana kwaye bakhule, kufuneka bafunde i-blockchain, i-DLT, kunye ne-decentralized identities ngoku ukuze balungiselele uphuhliso olutsha.
isiphelo
Izichongi ezinabileyo zinamandla okuguqula iimbono zethu zolwazi lomntu kunye neenkcukacha zomsebenzisi kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye.
Endaweni yokuthembela kwiBig Tech corporations ukukhusela ulwazi olubalulekileyo, abantu banokuphinda bathathe ulawulo lwezazisi zabo ngokusebenzisa ii-DID. Amashishini anokwenza ingeniso kwizinto ezichongiweyo ezinatyisiweyo ngokunjalo. Banokunciphisa imfuno yokuqinisekisa isazisi esithatha ixesha kwaye banike abathengi amava agudileyo nakhuselekileyo kwi-intanethi.
Imibutho inokuphuhlisa ukuthembana kwaye iphucule ubudlelwane babathengi ngokuzibophelela ekugcineni ulwazi lomsebenzisi.
Shiya iMpendulo