Isiqulatho[Fihla][Bonisa]
Nangona uninzi lwabaphuli-mthetho be-cybercriminal bengama-manipulators anezakhono, oku akuthethi ukuba basoloko bengamachule obuchule beteknoloji; abanye abaphuli-mthetho be-intanethi bakhetha ukwenza abantu ngobuqhetseba.
Ngamanye amazwi, bamkela ubunjineli bezentlalo, nto leyo eyindlela yokuqalisa uhlaselo lwe-cyberattack ngokuthatha ithuba leziphoso kwindalo yomntu.
Kwimeko ethe ngqo yobunjineli bezentlalo, oku kunokwenzeka ukuba i-cybercriminal izenza ingcali ye-IT kwaye ibuze iinkcukacha zakho zokungena ukulungisa umngxuma wokhuseleko kwinkqubo yakho.
Ukuba unika ulwazi, unike umntu ongalunganga ukufikelela kwiakhawunti yakho ngaphandle kokuba abe nexhala lokufikelela kwi-imeyile okanye kwikhompyuter yakho.
Kuwo onke amakhonkco okhuseleko, siphantse sibe lelona khonkco libuthathaka kuba sisesichengeni sobuqhinga obahlukeneyo. Ubuchwephesha bobunjineli bezentlalo buphakamisa obu buthathaka ebantwini ukukhohlisa amaxhoba ukuba adize ulwazi lwabucala.
Ubunjineli bezentlalo buhlala buvela, njengoko uninzi lwezoyikiso ze-cyber.
Kweli nqaku, siza kuxoxa ngemeko yangoku yobunjineli bezentlalo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zohlaselo ekufuneka uzilumkele, kunye neempawu ezilumkiso ekufuneka uzijonge.
Masiqale isingeniso kubunjineli bezentlalo.
Yintoni Ubunjineli beNtlalo?
Ubunjineli bezentlalo kwi-computing bubhekisa kubuchule obusetyenziswa ngabaphuli mthetho ukuphembelela amaxhoba ukuba enze into ethandabuzekayo, ehlala ibandakanya ukophulwa kokhuseleko, ugqithiso lwemali, okanye ukubhengezwa kolwazi lomntu.
Le misebenzi ihlala icela umngeni kwingqiqo kwaye ichasene nombono wethu ongcono.
Noko ke, abakhohlisi banokusenza siyeke ukucinga ngokusengqiqweni size siqalise ukwenza ngokwethuku ngaphandle kokucinga ngoko sikwenzayo ngokwenene ngokulawula iimvakalelo zethu—ezintle nezimbi—njengomsindo, uloyiko nothando.
Ukuchazwa ngokulula, ubunjineli bezentlalo yindlela abahlaseli ababeka ngayo esichengeni ubuchopho bethu, kanye njengoko besenza nge-malware kunye neentsholongwane ukuze balahlekise oomatshini bethu.
Abahlaseli bahlala besebenzisa ubunjineli bezentlalo kuba kuhlala kulula ukuthatha ithuba lomntu kunokuba kuchongwe inethiwekhi okanye ubuthathaka besoftware.
Ngenxa yokuba abaphuli-mthetho kunye namaxhoba abo akufuneki banxibelelane emntwini, ubunjineli bezentlalo buhlala buyinxalenye yenkohliso ebanzi.
Ukufumana amaxhoba: yeyona njongo iphambili:
- Isoftware enobungozi kwi-smartphone yabo.
- Yala igama lakho lomsebenzisi kunye negama lokugqitha.
- Nika imvume yeplagi eyingozi, ulwandiso, okanye inkqubo yomntu wesithathu.
- Thumela imali ngeodolo yemali, nge-electronic fund transfer, okanye amakhadi esipho.
- Dlala indima ye-imeyile yemali yokuhambisa kunye nokuhlamba imali engekho mthethweni.
Ubuchwephesha bobunjineli bezentlalo busetyenziswa ngabaphuli-mthetho kuba kusoloko kulula ukuthatha ithuba lokuthemba abanye abantu kunokuba ufumanise ukuba ungayiqhekeza njani inkqubo yakho.
Umzekelo, ngaphandle kokuba igama eligqithisiweyo libuthathaka ngenene, kulula kakhulu ukuqhatha umntu ukuba akuxelele igama eliyimfihlo kunokuba uzame ukuliqhenqa.
Ubunjineli bezentlalo busebenza njani?
Iinjineli zentlalo ziqhuba uhlaselo lwe-cyber usebenzisa uluhlu lwamaqhinga. Uninzi lohlaselo lobunjineli bezentlalo luqala ngomhlaseli owenza uqwalaselo kunye nophando kwixhoba.
Umzekelo, ukuba ekujoliswe kuko lishishini, i-hacker inokufunda malunga nokwakheka kwenkampani, iinkqubo zangaphakathi, i-jargon yeshishini, amaqabane anokubakho kwishishini, kunye nezinye iinkcukacha.
Ukugxininisa kwizenzo kunye nemikhwa yabasebenzi abanezinga eliphantsi kodwa ukufikelela kokuqala, njengomgcini wokhuseleko okanye u-receptionist, isicwangciso esinye esisetyenziswa ziinjineli zentlalo.
Abahlaseli banokukhangela Imidiya yokuncokola Iiakhawunti zolwazi lomntu kwaye zijonge indlela abaziphatha ngayo kwi-intanethi kunye nomntu.
Injineli yentlalontle inokusebenzisa ngokulandelayo ubungqina obuqokelelweyo ukucwangcisa uhlaselo kwaye ithathe inzuzo yeziphene ezifunyenwe ngexesha lenqanaba lokuphinda libonwe.
Ukuba ngokwenene uhlaselo lwenzeka, umhlaseli unokufumana iinkqubo ezikhuselweyo okanye amanethiwekhi, imali kwiithagethi, okanye ukufikelela kwidatha yangasese njengeenombolo zoKhuseleko lweNtlalo, iinkcukacha zekhadi letyala, okanye iinkcukacha zebhanki.
Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zohlaselo lobunjineli bezentlalo
Ukufunda malunga neendlela eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kubunjineli bezentlalo sesinye sezona zicwangciso zikhulu zokuzikhusela kuhlaselo lobunjineli bezentlalo.
Kule mihla, ubunjineli boluntu buqhele ukwenzeka kwi-intanethi, kubandakanywa ubuqhophololo kwimidiya yoluntu, xa abahlaseli bethatha isazisi somthombo othembekileyo okanye igosa eliphezulu ukukhohlisa amaxhoba ukuba aveze ulwazi olubuthathaka.
Nalu olunye uhlaselo lobunjineli bezentlalo oluxhaphakileyo:
UkuPhatha
I-Phishing luhlobo lwendlela yobunjineli bezentlalo apho unxibelelwano lufihliwe ukuze lubukeke luvela kumthombo othembekileyo.
Olu nxibelelwano, oluhlala luyi-imeyile, lujonge ukukhohlisa amaxhoba ukuba aveze iinkcukacha zobuqu okanye zemali.
Ngapha koko, kutheni kufuneka sikrokre ukuba semthethweni kwe-imeyile evela kumhlobo, ilungu losapho, okanye inkampani esiyaziyo? Abaqhathi bathatha eli thuba lokuzithemba.
isiqhulo
IVishing luhlobo oluntsokothileyo lohlaselo lobuqhetseba. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi "phishing ngezwi." Kolu hlaselo, inombolo yefowuni isoloko ifakelwa inkohliso ukuze ibonakale iyinyani - abahlaseli banokuthi babe ngabasebenzi be-IT, osebenza nabo, okanye oobhanki.
Abanye abahlaseli banokusebenzisa abatshintshi belizwi ukuze bafihle iinkcukacha zabo ngakumbi.
I-Spear phishing
Iinkampani ezinkulu okanye abantu abathile bazizisulu zokurhwaphiliza ngemikhonto, uhlobo lohlaselo lobunjineli basekuhlaleni. Iithagethi zohlaselo lokurhwaphiliza ngemikhonto ngabantu abomeleleyo okanye amaqela amancinane, afana neenkokeli zoshishino kunye nabantu abadumileyo.
Olu hlobo lohlaselo lobunjineli bezentlalo luhlala luphandwa kakuhle kwaye lufihlwe ngobuqhetseba, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuyibona.
Ukutshaya
I-Smishing luhlobo lohlaselo lobuqhetseba olusebenzisa imiyalezo ebhaliweyo (SMS) njengendlela yonxibelelwano. Ngokubonisa ii-URL ezinobungozi zokucofa okanye iinombolo zefowuni zokunxibelelana, olu hlaselo ludla ngokufuna inyathelo elikhawulezileyo kumaxhoba abo.
Amaxhoba ahlala ekhuthazwa ukuba anike ulwazi lwabucala olunokuthi abahlaseli balusebenzise ngokuchasene nawo.
Ukuze kuphembelele amaxhoba ukuba enze okuthile ngokukhawuleza aze awele kuhlaselo, uhlaselo lokuthotywa ludla ngokubonisa imvo yongxamiseko.
Iscareware
Ukusetyenziswa kobunjineli bezentlalo ukoyikisa abantu ekufakeni isoftware yokhuseleko lwenkohliso okanye ukufikelela kwiiwebhusayithi ezosulelwe yi-malware kwaziwa ngokuba yi-scareware.
I-Scareware ibonakala ngathi ziifestile ezizivelelayo ezibonelela ukukunceda ekupheliseni usulelo olucetywayo lwekhompyuter kwilaptop yakho. Ngokucofa i-pop-up, ungafaka ngokungaziyo enye i-malware okanye uthunyelwe kwiwebhusayithi eyingozi.
Sebenzisa inkqubo ethembekileyo yokuphelisa intsholongwane ukuskena rhoqo ikhompyuter yakho ukuba ucinga ukuba une-scareware okanye enye into ephazamisayo ephumayo. Kubalulekile ukuba ucoceko lwedijithali luvavanye rhoqo isixhobo sakho kwiingozi.
Isenokunceda ekukhuseleni iinkcukacha zakho ngokuthintela uhlaselo lobunjineli bezentlalo kwixesha elizayo.
Ukuhlamba
Uhlaselo lobunjineli bezentlalo lunokuqalisa ngaphandle kweintanethi; azizange ziqaliswe kwi-intanethi.
I-baiting sisenzo somhlaseli oshiya into eyosulelwe yi-malware, efana ne-USB drive, kwenye indawo apho inokufunyanwa khona. Ezi zixhobo zihlala ziphawulwa ngenjongo ukuvuselela umdla.
Umsebenzisi othatha igajethi ayibeke kwikhompyuter yakhe ngenxa yokufuna ukwazi okanye ukubawa usengozini yokosulela loo matshini ngentsholongwane engaqondanga.
Ukuloba umnenga
Enye yezona nzame zokukhohlisa, ezineziphumo ezibi, kukuloba iminenga. Ithagethi eqhelekileyo yolu hlobo lohlaselo lobunjineli bezentlalo ngumntu omnye, onexabiso eliphezulu.
Igama elithi “CEO fraud” ngamanye amaxesha lisetyenziswa ukuchaza iminenga, nto leyo ekunika isalathiso sethagethi.
Kuba bathatha ngokufanelekileyo ithowuni yentetho efana neshishini kwaye basebenzise ulwazi lwangaphakathi kwishishini ukuze bazuze, uhlaselo lweminenga kunzima kakhulu ukulubona kunolunye uhlaselo lobuqhetseba.
Ukubhala imiyalezo kwangaphambili
Ukuqhatha yinkqubo yokuyila imeko yobuxoki, okanye “isizathu,” esisetyenziswa ngamaqothaqikili ukuze akhohlise amaxhoba awo.
Uhlaselo lokuthumela imiyalezo, olunokuthi lwenzeke ngaphandle kweintanethi okanye kwi-intanethi, luphakathi kwezona ndlela ziphumeleleyo zobunjineli bezentlalo kuba abahlaseli benza umzamo omkhulu wokuzenza babonakale bethembekile.
Lumka xa uchaza iinkcukacha zabucala kubantu ongabaziyo kuba kunokuba nzima ukubona ubuqhophololo besizathu.
Ukuthintela umzamo wobunjineli bentlalontle, qhagamshelana ngqo nenkampani ukuba kukho umntu okufowunelayo malunga nesidingo esingxamisekileyo.
Umgibe wobusi
Umgibe wobusi luhlobo lwendlela yobunjineli bezentlalo apho umhlaseli ekhohlisa ixhoba kwindawo yesondo engakhuselekanga.
Umhlaseli ke uthatha ithuba lemeko ukuba enze i-blackmail okanye abandakanyeke kwi-sextortion. Ngokuthumela ii-imeyile ze-spam ngenkohliso yobuxoki yokuba "bakubona ngekhamera yakho" okanye into engathandekiyo ngokulinganayo, iinjineli zentlalo zihlala zibeka imigibe yobusi.
Ukuba ufumana umyalezo onje, qiniseka ukuba ikhamera yakho yewebhu ikhuselekile.
Emva koko, hlala uqulunqiwe kwaye uyeke ukuphendula, kuba ezi imeyile aziyonto ngaphandle kogaxekile.
Quid Pro Quo
IsiLatini sithetha “into ethile,” kulo mzekelo sibhekisela kwixhoba elifumana umvuzo ngenxa yentsebenziswano yalo.
Umzekeliso obalaseleyo kuxa abaduni bezenza njengabancedisi be-IT. Baza kufowunela abasebenzi abaninzi kangangoko kwifemu kwaye babanga ukuba banesisombululo esilula, bongeze ukuba "kufuneka ucime i-AV yakho kuphela."
Nabani na onikezelayo kuyo une-ransomware okanye ezinye iintsholongwane ezifakwe kwikhompyuter yakhe.
Ukudibanisa
I-Tailgating, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-piggybacking, kwenzeka xa umqweqwedisi elandela umntu esebenzisa ikhadi elisemthethweni lokufikelela kwisakhiwo esikhuselekileyo.
Ukuze kuqhutyelwe phambili nolu hlaselo, kucingelwa ukuba umntu onemvume yokungena kweso sakhiwo uya kuba nolwazelelelo ngokwaneleyo ukuba aluvulele ucango umntu oza emva kwabo.
Ungaluthintela njani uhlaselo lobuNjineli beNtlalo?
Ngokusebenzisa la manyathelo othintelo, wena kunye nabasebenzi bakho niya kuba nethuba elingcono lokuphepha uhlaselo lobunjineli bezentlalo.
Fundisa abasebenzi
Oyena nobangela wokungaphumeleli kwabasebenzi kuhlaselo lobunjineli bezentlalo kukungazi. Ukufundisa abasebenzi indlela yokusabela kwiinzame zokwaphulwa kwemithetho eqhelekileyo, imibutho kufuneka inike uqeqesho lokwazisa ngokhuseleko.
Ngokomzekelo, yintoni omawuyenze xa umntu ezama ukubuyisela umqeshwa emsebenzini okanye ucela ulwazi olubuthathaka.
Olunye lolona hlaselo lwe-cyber luchazwe kuluhlu olungezantsi:
- Ukuhlaselwa kweDDoS
- Uhlaselo loonobuhle
- Ukuhlaselwa kweClickjacking
- Iintlawulelo zokuhlaselwa
- Uhlaselo lweMalware
- Indlela yokusabela ekubambeni emsileni
Jonga uHlaselo lokuxhathisa
Yenza uhlaselo lobunjineli bezentlalo olulawulwayo kwinkampani yakho ukuyivavanya. Thumela ii-imeyile zobuxoki, kwaye ngobubele ukhalimele abasebenzi abavula izincamatheliso, cofa amakhonkco ayingozi, okanye usabele.
Endaweni yokubonwa njengokusilela kwe-cybersecurity, ezi meko kufuneka zibonwe njengeemeko ezifundisa kakhulu.
Ukhuseleko lomsebenzi
I-OPSEC yindlela yokubona indlela yokuziphatha enobuhlobo enokuba luncedo kumhlaseli wexesha elizayo. I-OPSEC inokuveza ulwazi olubuthathaka okanye olubalulekileyo ukuba lucutshungulwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ludityaniswe kunye nezinye iinkcukacha.
Unganciphisa inani lolwazi lweenjineli zentlalo ezinokufunyanwa ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ze-OPSEC.
Fumana ukuvuza kweDatha
Ukwazi ukuba iziqinisekiso ziye zavezwa ngenxa yelinge lokukhohlisa kunokuba lucelomngeni.
Inkampani yakho kufuneka isoloko ikhangela ukuvezwa kwedatha kunye neziqinisekiso ezivuzayo kuba abanye abaphihli banokuthatha iinyanga okanye iminyaka ukuxhaphaza iziqinisekiso abaziqokelelayo.
Phumeza ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezininzi
Ukunyanzelisa indlela yokuqinisekisa ngezinto ezininzi efuna abasebenzisi babe nethokheni, bazi igama eliyimfihlo, kwaye babe nebhayometriki yabo ukuze bafikelele kwizixhobo ezibalulekileyo.
Ukuphumeza inkqubo yolawulo lomngcipheko womntu wesithathu
Ngaphambi kokuzisa abathengisi abatsha okanye uqhubeke nokusebenza nabanikezeli bangoku, yenza inkqubo yokulawula imingcipheko yamaqela esithathu, umgaqo-nkqubo wolawulo lwabathengisi, kwaye wenze umngcipheko wokhuseleko lwe-cyber uvavanyo.
Ngokukodwa emva kokuba idatha ebiweyo ithengisiwe kwiwebhu emnyama, kulula kakhulu ukunqanda ukophulwa kwedatha kunokuyicoca.
Fumana isoftware enokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo umngcipheko womthengisi kwaye ilandelele rhoqo, inqanaba, kwaye ivavanye i-cybersecurity yabathengisi bakho.
Lungisa ukhetho lwakho lwe-imeyile ye-spam.
Ukutshintsha useto lwe-imeyile yenye yeendlela ezilula zokuzikhusela kwiinzame zobunjineli bezentlalo. Unokuphucula izihlungi zakho ze-spam ukuze ugcine ii-imeyile ze-scam yobunjineli bezentlalo ngaphandle kwebhokisi lakho lokungenayo.
Ungongeza ngokuthe ngqo iidilesi ze-imeyile zabantu kunye nemibutho oyaziyo yokwenyani kuluhlu lwakho lwabafowunelwa bedijithali - nabani na ozenza ngathi unguye kodwa usebenzisa idilesi eyahlukileyo kwixesha elizayo kusenokwenzeka ukuba yinjineli yentlalontle.
isiphelo
Okokugqibela, ubunjineli bezentlalo bubuchule obulula obunokusetyenziswa ukwenza ubuqhophololo, ubuqhophololo, okanye olunye ulwaphulo-mthetho. Inokwenzeka nakubani na umntu, ngefowuni, okanye kwi-intanethi.
Iinjineli zezentlalo akuyomfuneko ukuba zibe nobuchule kakhulu; badinga kuphela ukukwazi ukukukhohlisa ukuba ubanike ulwazi lwabucala.
Bubuqhophololo obunokuba yintlekele kuba sonke sisengozini. Amajelo eendaba ezentlalo nawo enze ukuba iinjineli zezentlalo zibe namaqhinga ngakumbi ngokuzivumela ukuba zenze iiakhawunti zobuxoki ekulula ukuzifaka ngempazamo zezokwenyani okanye zizenze abantu bokwenyani.
Ngalo lonke ixesha sebenzisa isilumkiso ngelixa ubona iiprofayili ezingaqhelekanga okanye ezingaqhelekanga kwimidiya yoluntu.
Shiya iMpendulo