Kuba inzululwazi yedatha imalunga nokujongana nemiba yokwenyani, iyavakala into yokuba ezinye izakhono ziyi-asethi eluncedo kwisixhobo sabo esihlala sivela.
Nawuphi na umntu oza kuba ngusonzululwazi wedatha kufuneka agxile kwingcinga yokubala njengenxalenye yemfundo yakhe, kuba ifundisa izimvo ezisisiseko zesayensi yekhompyuter kunye nendlela yokujongana nemiba entsonkothileyo ngokukhupha kunye nokwakhiwa.
Ukucinga ngekhompyutha sisakhono esibalulekileyo kwixesha letekhnoloji yedijithali yokuqala, hayi nje kubantu abanqwenela izazinzulu zedatha, kodwa kuye wonke umntu ofuna ukuthatha inxaxheba kwihlabathi lokubala.
Ukuze ulungele ukuvela kwemarike yabasebenzi kunye nekamva lomsebenzi, oya kubunjwa ngokuzenzekela okuzenzekelayo, kukubhadla okungeyonyani, kunye nokufunda koomatshini, kunyanzelekile ukuba kugxininiswe izakhono zokucinga zokubala njengenxalenye ephambili yemfundo kunye nophuhliso lobungcali.
Kweli nqaku, siza kujonga kwingcinga yokubala ngokweenkcukacha, igubungela izinto zayo, ixabiso, nokunye okuninzi.
Ke, yintoni i-Computational thinking?
Ingcinga yokubala, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-algorithmic yokucinga, yindlela yokujongana nengxaki entsonkothileyo ngokuyiqhekeza kwiinkqubo ezincinci, ezilula ezinokwenziwa yikhompyuter okanye ngomatshini.
Kubalulekile ukusombulula umba ngendlela yokuba ikhompyuter ikwazi ukwenza inkqubo kuba oko kuthetha ukuba impendulo inokufakwa kwiingxaki ezifanayo kwezinye iimeko.
Ingcinga yokubala ibandakanya ukwamkela isimo sengqondo esidala, esitsha, nesiguquguqukayo ukuze kusetyenzwe ngemingeni kunye nezisombululo ezinokubakho ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa ngempumelelo kunye nokuhlalutya idatha.
Igama elithi "ukucinga ngekhompyutha" livela kwindlela izazinzulu zekhompyuter ezicinga ngayo, kodwa ngoku ibonwa njengendlela yokucinga ukuba nabani na unokufaka isicelo sokusombulula imiba kubomi babo bobuqu okanye bobugcisa.
Ngoko ke, injongo asikokusebenzisa ukucinga okufana noko kumatshini, kodwa kukudala iindlela zokusombulula iingxaki ezidla ngokusetyenziswa zizazinzulu zekhompyutha.
Ukucinga ngokubala sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwiinzululwazi zedatha kuba sinokusetyenziswa ukujongana noluhlu olubanzi lwemicelimngeni yobungakanani kunye nedatha-nzulu.
Le ndlela ingasetyenziselwa ukusombulula iingxaki kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka imathematika kunye nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa. Le ndlela ikwasebenzisa ulwimi lwenkqubo yePython, olusetyenziselwa ukumela impendulo kwikhompyuter ngexesha lenyathelo lohlalutyo lwamanani.
Kutheni i-Computational Thinking ibalulekile?
Ezi ndlela zokusombulula ingxaki zinokusetyenziswa kuluhlu lwezihloko kusetyenziswa ukucinga ngokubala. Ukongeza, kukho izakhono zokucinga zokubala kunye nezo zisetyenziswa kwezinye iindawo ze-STEM kunye nobugcisa, isayensi yezentlalo kunye noluntu.
Ukusebenzisa amandla ekhompyutheni ngaphandle kwesikrini kunye nekhibhodi kukhuthazwa yingcinga yokubala. Ukongeza, inokusinceda siphucule ulingano kwimfundo yesayensi yekhompyuter.
Sinokukhuthaza ukudityaniswa kwesayensi yekhompyuter kunye nezinye iinkalo zezifundo kwaye sazise abafundi abaninzi kwisakhono sesayensi yekhompyuter ngokubeka ingqwalasela kwizakhono zokusombulula iingxaki ezingundoqo.
Ukongeza, ukucinga ngokubala kwenza ukuba sikwazi ukuphanda amandla kunye nemiqobo yetekhnoloji ngelixa isenziwa.
Sinokuvavanya ukuba ngubani ophuhlisa itekhnoloji kwaye kutheni, kwaye sinokuqwalasela ngokunzulu ukuba inokuchaphazela njani uluntu.
Amacandelo angundoqo wokuCinga ngeKhompyutha
1. Ukubola
Ukubola yinto esisiseko yengcinga yokubala. Ukuze kube lula ukusonjululwa ingxaki, eli nqanaba libandakanya ukuliqhekeza libe ngamacandelo amancinci.
Umba kulula ukuwulungisa okukhona unokuwucalula. Amalungu ebhayisekile anokuqhaqhwa njengendlela eluncedo yokubola. Isakhelo sebhayisekile, amavili, izibambo zokuphatha, kunye neegiya zinokucalulwa kuqala.
Unako, nangona kunjalo, ukwahlula kwakhona icandelo ngalinye kumacandelo alo. Umzekelo, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa bunokwahlulwa ngakumbi kukufunda koomatshini, ukufunda nzulu, umbono wekhompyuter, kunye nokusetyenzwa kolwimi lwendalo.
Eli nyathelo likwakunceda ukuba wakhe ulwazi olunzulu lwengxaki ngokuchonga onke amacandelo ngobunzulu.
2. UkuNakana ipateni
Kwinqanaba lesibini, elaziwa ngokuba yipatheni yokuqaphela, iingxaki ezifanayo kunye neentsingiselo zifunyanwa.
Kukho amathuba anamandla okuba zinokusingathwa kusetyenziswa iinkqubo ezifanayo, okanye eziphindaphindwayo ukuba ubunzima obuthile buyafana ngendalo-zombini kule ngxaki isonjululwayo ngoku kunye nakwiingxaki zangaphambili.
Lo ngumba obalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni izisombululo ezisebenzayo kwaye ekugqibeleni ukonge ixesha.
Qwalasela le meko ilandelayo: uyacelwa ukuba uphuhlise inkqubo encinci ezoba isikwere. Esikhundleni sokubhala umyalelo kane ngokulandelelana, umzekelo wokudweba umgca kunye nokuguqula ipeni i-90 degrees inokuphinda iphindwe kane kwi-loop.
Ukuqondwa kwepateni yitalente ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni izisombululo ezisebenzayo nezisebenzayo kwimiba.
3. Ukutsala
Ukuchongwa kwezinto ezibalulekileyo zesisombululo kwenziwa kwinqanaba lesithathu lokukhupha.
Ifuna amandla okuhluza iindawo ezingafunekiyo zomba ukuze ugxile nje kwizinto ezibalulekileyo, ngokuchaseneyo nokujonga iinkcukacha ezithe ngqo.
Omnye umzekelo obalaseleyo kuxa udlala imidlalo, uzama ukugxila kubuchule obufanele ukusisebenzisa, kwaye awuyihoyi nakuphi na ukugculelwa kwabo bachasene nawe.
Ngaphambi kokuphuhlisa isisombululo sokugqibela, ukuthabatha kukuvumela ukuba uthathele ingqalelo yonke imiba ebalulekileyo ngelixa ungahoywa naziphi na izinto ezingafunekiyo.
4. Uyilo lwe-algorithm
Ukwenziwa kweseti echanekileyo yemiyalelo yesinyathelo-nge-nyathelo echaza indlela yokusombulula ingxaki kwenzeka ngexesha le-Algorithm Design stage, isigaba sokugqibela kwinkqubo yokuCinga ngeComputational.
I-algorithm esebenzayo yinto enokunikezelwa komnye umntu kwaye ilandelwe ngaphandle kwengcaciso engaphezulu.
Ihlabathi lizele zii-algorithms, nokuba upheka kwiresiphi, udibanisa ifenitshala enepakethe ecaba, utya kwindawo yokutyela, okanye uhlawulela igrosari yakho kwikhawuntara yokuzenzela inkonzo.
Ukulungisa ingxaki sisakhono esibalulekileyo sokwazi kuba yinkqubo eyongezelelweyo ebandakanyekayo ekudalweni kwe-algorithm. Ukuchongwa kunye nokulungiswa kweziphene ze-algorithmic zibizwa ngokuba yi-debugging.
Ukulungisa ingxaki sisakhono esitshintshekayo esinokufunyanwa kuyo yonke ikharityhulam ngokusebenza kunye nokunika ingxelo, ngokufanayo namanye amacandelo engcinga yokubala. Sinokuyiqonda indawo esingqongileyo ngoncedo lwee-algorithms.
isiphelo
Ukushwankathela, isizukulwana esilandelayo se izazinzulu zedatha kufuneka bafumane izakhono eziya kubenza bakwazi ukulungelelanisa ngempumelelo ngakumbi kwimarike yomsebenzi ophuhlayo kunye nokuphuhlisa uqoqosho lwedijithali.
Oosonzululwazi bedatha bexesha elizayo baya kufumana ukucinga ngekhompyutha njengesisixhobo esiluncedo njengoko behlala betshintsha izikhundla zabo ukuze balungele ukuqhubela phambili kobuchwepheshe kunye nokusebenzisana ngakumbi phakathi kwabantu kunye noomatshini.
Ekugqibeleni, ukucinga ngokubala kubalulekile kuye wonke umntu kwimisebenzi yakhe yemihla ngemihla.
Shiya iMpendulo