Kungadla ixesha ukwenza ujongano lomsebenzisi ukusuka ekuqaleni. Ujongano lomsebenzisi ozakhayo kufuneka lube lula ukulusebenzisa, lubambelele kwimithetho yebrendi, kwaye lubonakale emitsha kunye neyangoku.
Xa usongeza imihla emiselweyo kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olulinganiselweyo kumxube, umsebenzi uba nzima kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kukho isisombululo kobu bunzima, kwaye yaziwa ngokuba yi-a Indawo yomsebenzisi ikiti.
Ikhithi yojongano lomsebenzisi yimveliso enokukunceda ukuphelisa imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo kwaye ukhulule amandla akho okudala.
Kule post, siza kujonga ukuba yintoni isixhobo se-UI esivulelekileyo, iingenelo kunye nobubi, kunye noluhlu lwezixhobo ze-UI ezivulelekileyo. Masiqale.
Yintoni i-open-source UI toolkit?
Ujongano lomsebenzisi womzobo (GUI) toolkit yingqokelela yekhowudi ebhalwe kwangaphambili ekuvumela ukuba uphuhlise amacandelo e-GUI ngaphandle kokuba ubhale yonke ikhowudi ngokwakho.
Nayiphi na indawo yojongano umxhasi anokunxibelelana nayo, njengamaqhosha, imihlaba yokubhaliweyo, izinto zemenyu, njalo njalo, kubhekiswa kuyo njengecandelo le-GUI.
Kukho ubuninzi bezixhobo ze-UI ezivulelekileyo ezifumanekayo kwiilwimi ezininzi zokucwangcisa, ke ukuba ubhala ikhowudi yeJava, ngokuqinisekileyo kukho enye eyenzelwe wena.
I-Toolkit ye-UI sisixhobo esigqwesileyo sabayili abajonge ukwandisa imveliso yabo. Isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiwebhusayithi kunye noyilo lwe-app kuba ivumela abayili ukuba basebenze ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokudala izinto ze-UI ukusuka ekuqaleni.
Eyona zixhobo ze-UI zomthombo ovulekileyo
1. Ionic
Ionic sisikhokelo sojongano lomsebenzisi esivulelekileyo sokwenza usetyenziso olukumgangatho ophezulu weselula kunye nedesktop usebenzisa itekhnoloji yewebhu efana neHTML, CSS, kunye neJavaScript, kunye nokudityaniswa nesakhelo esidumileyo njengeAngular, React, kunye neVue.
Ujongano lwesicelo, okanye amava omsebenzisi, sisiseko se-Ionic Architecture. Kulula ukuyiqonda, ukudibanisa, kunye nokusetyenziswa ngaphandle kwesakhelo sangaphambili usebenzisa iscript esilula esidibanisa amathala eencwadi ongezelelweyo okanye izakhelo ezifana ne-Angle.
Ukusebenzisa i-toolkit ye-Ionic, ii-apps zinokuthunyelwa naphi na, kubandakanywa kwindawo ebonakalayo. Isakhelo se-Ionic sinoluntu oludlamkileyo, oluvumela abaphuhlisi ukuba babuze imibuzo kwaye bafumane iimpendulo ngokukhawuleza.
I-Ionic inokuchazwa njengenkqubo edibeneyo kuba idibanisa izinto zendalo kunye newebhu.
eziluncedo
- Ionic lolona khetho ludumileyo phakathi kwabaphuhlisi kuba isebenza kuwo onke amaqonga, kubandakanya i-Android, iWindows, kunye ne-iOS.
- Uninzi lwabaphuhlisi baqhelene neHTML, CSS, kunye neJavaScript, besenza kube lula kubo ukwenza ifayile sikhokelo.
- Isebenzisa iiplagi, kwaye ukuba ayisebenzi kwindawo yendalo, isakhelo siya kulawulwa ziiplagi.
- Kwi-Ionic, isicelo sedesktop sinokuguqulwa ngokupheleleyo sibe sisicelo esiphathwayo.
- Ionic ineempawu ezininzi ezongezelelweyo, kuquka izaziso zokutyhala kunye nenkxaso yePWA.
neengozi
- Isakhelo sinokuthi sime phakathi kwamaqonga kuba ikhowudi enye iseva isetyenziselwa bonke.
- Ionic ayifanelekanga kumsebenzi we-3D okanye uphuhliso lomdlalo.
- Xa kuthelekiswa nee-apps zemveli, izicelo ze-Ionic zithatha ixesha elide ukusungulwa.
- Ukhuseleko lwe-apps eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi ye-Ionic yinkxalabo, ngakumbi kwiibhanki kunye nezemali.
2. wxWidget toolkit
I-wxWidgets sisixhobo sokwenza inkqubo yomsebenzisi womzobo wojongano lwedesktop kunye nosetyenziso oluphathwayo (GUIs). Sisakhelo ngengqiqo yokuba sikhathalela umsebenzi omninzi we-grunt kwaye inikezela ngokuziphatha kwesicelo esichazwe kwangaphambili.
Ilayibrari ye-wxWidgets ineeklasi ezininzi kunye neendlela umdwelisi wenkqubo anokusebenzisa kwaye azihlele. Ngokwesiqhelo, izicelo zibonisa iifestile ezinolawulo oluqhelekileyo, mhlawumbi zivelisa imifanekiso ethile kunye nemizobo, kwaye ziphendula igalelo elisuka kwimouse, ibhodi yezitshixo, okanye eminye imithombo. Zingasetyenziselwa ukusebenzisana nezinye iinkqubo okanye ukulawula ezinye izicelo.
Ukuyibeka ngenye indlela, i-wxWidgets ikwenza kube lula kumdwelisi wenkqubo ukwenza isicelo esenza yonke into eyenziwa sisicelo sangoku.
Ngelixa i-wxWidgets iqhele ukubhekiswa njengesixhobo sophuhliso lwe-GUI, ingaphezulu kunoko, iquka amandla aluncedo kuluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi yophuhliso lwesicelo. Oku kufuneka kube njalo kuba inkqubo ye-wxWidgets kufuneka iphatheke phakathi kwamaqonga xa iyonke, hayi nje i-GUI.
Iifayile kunye nemisinga, imisonto emininzi, useto lwesicelo, unxibelelwano lwe-interprocess, uncedo lwe-intanethi, ukufikelela kwisiseko sedatha, kunye nokunye okuninzi zonke ziyafumaneka kwi-wxWidgets.
eziluncedo
- I-wxWidgets inikezela ngezibophelelo zepython, iPerl, i-PHP, iJava, iLua, i-lisp, i-erlang, i-Eiffel, i-C # (.NET), i-BASIC, i-Ruby, kunye ne-JavaScript, ukongeza kwi-C++.
- Iinguqulelo ezijongana nomxholo nazo ziyaxhaswa.
- Yenye yezona zixhobo zibanzi ze-GUI ezikhoyo. Kukho iiklasi ezininzi eziluncedo ezikhoyo.
- Ukusetyenziswa komntu kunye nezorhwebo zombini zisimahla.
neengozi
- Usetyenziso oluninzi lwezorhwebo alunakwenzeka.
3. Balze UI
I-Blaze UI yi-UI Toolkit ekhaphukhaphu kunye nesimahla & evulekileyo-umthombo (i-MIT License) Isakhelo esibonelela ngesakhiwo esimangalisayo sokwakha ngokukhawuleza iiwebhusayithi ezinesiseko esinobunzima nesizinzileyo.
Izinto zeBlaze UI zonke zihamba-hamba kuqala, zixhomekeke ngokukodwa ekusebenzeni kwesikhangeli semveli kunethala leencwadi okanye isakhelo esahlukileyo. Isinceda ekuphuhliseni ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo iwebhusayithi enobungozi kunye nempendulo enesitayile esingaguqukiyo.
Ngokusebenzisa amaCandelo amaninzi, iZinto, kunye nezinto eziluNcedo, iBlaze UI yenza lula ukuyilwa koyilo olulula olunceda ukwenza yonke iwebhusayithi ibe ntle kwaye isebenze.
eziluncedo
- Nasiphi na isakhelo siya kwenza, okanye akukho konke konke. Awuvalelwanga. Ixhomekeke kuwe.
- UBlaze akazukuthatha ubunini balo naluphi na uyilo lwakho de ube ulucele ngokuthe ngqo.
- Le yiprojekthi yasimahla. Ibanjwe kwi-GitHub kwaye ivuleleke kuluntu.
- Onke amacandelo enziwe aneselfowuni engqondweni kwaye ayahambelana naso nasiphi na isayizi yesikrini.
neengozi
- Akukho zingxaki zifunyenweyo.
4. I-GTK +
I-GTK+ sisixhobo esinezixhobo ezininzi zokuyila ujongano lomsebenzisi oluyigraphical olwakhiwe kucingwa ngobuhle beMotif. Ngokwenyani ibonakala ingcono kakhulu kuneMotif.
Inamawijethi alula kwaye anzima njengokhetho lwefayile kunye nokukhethwa kombala. Yaqala njengeseti yeewijethi ze-GIMP (iNkqubo yokuLawula uMfanekiso we-GNU).
Iphuhliswe kakhulu ukusukela ngoko kwaye ngoku isetyenziswa ngu-a inani elikhulu leenkqubo, kunye nesixhobo seprojekthi yedesktop ye-GNOME. I-GTK+ yinxalenye yeProjekthi ye-GNU kwaye yisoftware yasimahla.
I-GNU LGPL, kwelinye icala, ivumela nabaphi na abaphuhlisi, nabo bavelisa isoftware yobunini, ukuba basebenzise i-GTK+ ngaphandle kokuhlawula naziphi na iimali zelayisensi okanye iintlawulo. I-GTK+ yakhiwa ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu ukuze isebenze ngeelwimi ezahlukeneyo, hayi iC/C++ kuphela. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-GTK+ kwiilwimi ezifana nePerl kunye nePython (ingakumbi xa idibene nomakhi weGlade GUI) ivumela uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwesicelo.
eziluncedo
- Iilwimi ezininzi zixhaswa, kubandakanya iJava, iJavaScript, iC ++, iPython, iPascal, iFreeBasic, kunye neHaskell, nangona kunjalo, inkxaso yeC # kunye ne-GO ayiphelelanga.
- Ukusebenzisa i-PyGi eneMixholo ye-Gtk ukwenza ii-apps zequmrhu ezinqamlezileyo zibenza babonakale bemnandi.
neengozi
- Njengoko i-Gtk3 ingasaxhasi ii-icon kunye ne-mnemonics, iimenyu zokuhamba ngekhibhodi phantse akunakwenzeka.
5. QT toolkit
I-Qt yi-multiplatform yegraphical user interface yesixhobo sokwenza usetyenziso lwesoftware kwi-C++. Inika abaphuhlisi zonke izixhobo abazidingayo ukwenza ii -apps zeplatform ezinqamlezileyo kunye ne "state-of-the-art" ujongano lomsebenzisi.
Kuba i-Qt ibhalwe kwi-C++, ijolise kwinto yonke kwaye yenza inkqubo yecandelo lokwenyani.
I-Qt ichazwa njenge "bhala kube kanye, qokelela naphi na" isakhelo esonga ixesha kubaphuhlisi ngokufuna ukuba babhale kwaye bagcine isiseko sekhowudi enye nakweliphi na iqonga abakhetha ukuphuhlisa kulo, kunye nenkqubo egqityiweyo equlunqwayo kuwo onke amanye amaqonga.
eziluncedo
- Ngokuphinda kuqokelelwe lula, uphuhliso losetyenziso lwe-Qt luvumela ukuphatheka kwenkqubo kumaqonga amaninzi.
- Inyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kophuhliso kwaye inciphisa ixesha lokuthengisa, iqinisekisa ukuba izicelo zibubungqina bexesha elizayo.
- Ukusebenzisa i-Qt ilula isicwangciso sobuchwepheshe kwaye, ngenxa yoko, yehlisa iindleko.
- Igcina ixesha ngokufaka ikhowudi enye kuzo zonke iziboniso kunye namaqonga.
- Inkqubo yeC ++ ibonelela abaphuhlisi ngokuzimela ngakumbi kunye nokukwazi ukusebenza ngenani elikhulu lamathala eencwadi akhoyo.
- Ikhowudi iguqulelwa kwizinto zokubini zomthonyama, eziphumeza ngesantya esipheleleyo (akukho sidingo sokusebenzisa umatshini wenyani)
neengozi
- Ngokungagqibekanga, amacandelo e-QT GUI awaboneleli ngenkangeleko efanelekileyo kunye nokuziva kwi-iOS kunye ne-Android.
- Ngaphandle kweQt Quick Compiler, efumaneka kuphela ngeQt Commercial version, ixesha lokuqalisa landa kakhulu.
- KwiiNethiwekhi ezinkulu zeAd, akukho nkxaso esemthethweni ye-Qt (kuphela amathala eencwadi eqela lesithathu, ukuba afunyenwe).
Izibonelelo zokusebenzisa izixhobo ze-UI
- Awunyanzelekanga ukuba uyile icandelo le-GUI ukusuka ekuqaleni ngalo lonke ixesha usebenzisa i-toolkit.
- Ikhowudi yakho iya kuba lula kakhulu ukuyifaka kuzo zonke iinkqubo zokusebenza ukuba usebenzisa i-cross-platform toolkit.
- Onke amacandelo akho aya kuba nenkangeleko efanayo kunye nokuziva ukuba usebenzisa i-toolkit, eya kwenza inkqubo yakho ibonakale ngakumbi kwaye iphuculwe.
- Ngokuqhelekileyo kulula ukufunda indlela yokusebenzisa izixhobo zesixhobo ezivulekileyo, kuba zibhalwe kakuhle kwaye ziquka imizekelo emininzi.
Iingxaki zokusebenzisa izixhobo ze-UI
- Ezinye izixhobo zikhulu kwaye zineempawu ezininzi, nto leyo ezenza zoyike ukuzisebenzisa.
- Njengoko izixhobo zomthombo ovulekileyo ziphuhliswa ngamavolontiya, umgangatho wabo unokuba ngaphantsi koogxa borhwebo.
- Ezinye izixhobo zesixhobo esivulelekileyo zisasazwe kunye neemvume ezinciphisa indlela ezinokusetyenziswa kwaye zisasazwe ngayo.
- Ukuba usebenzisa i-toolkit, uya kuthintelwa bubuchule bayo kwaye usenokungakwazi ukuphuhlisa ujongano oluludingayo.
isiphelo
Okokugqibela, iKit ye-User Interface (UI) yingqokelela yamacandelo ojongano olulungele ukusetyenziswa kunye nezixhobo zeeprojekthi ze-intanethi kunye neselula. Ngokhetho lwesitayile esihlanganisiweyo, abaqulunqi banokutshintsha ngokupheleleyo ubume bangaphakathi, iitemplates, kunye noyilo ukuze bakhe ujongano lomsebenzisi kunye nokugcina ukuhambelana kophawu ngocofa nje okumbalwa okanye ukutsala kunye nokuwisa.
Qwalasela iimfuno zakho kunye nezibonelelo olungele ukutyala kuzo xa ukhetha i-open-source UI toolkit. I-Qt okanye i-GTK+ inokuba yeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo ukuba ufuna isixhobo esineempawu ezininzi ezinomsebenzi obanzi.
Shiya iMpendulo