Sonke sifike kwindawo enika umdla yenguqu yembali ngenxa yenguqu yedijithali.
Ngeendlela ezininzi zokunciphisa ukwabelana ngolwazi kunye nokuthengiselana phakathi kwabantu, unxibelelwano aluseyongxaki kwihlabathi lanamhlanje.
Ngokwenyani, ilizwe ledijithali ngokuthe ngcembe liguqukela ekubeni yinguqulelo ebonakalayo yehlabathi lokwenyani.
Ilizwe ledijithali, njengelizwe elibonakalayo, lisebenzisa amagama abasebenzisi kunye neeakhawunti ukuseka isazisi. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iindlela ezisetyenziswayo kwisazisi sedijithali okwangoku.
Olunye lwezimvo ezintsha kuchazo lwedijithali, isazisi sokuzimela, okanye i-SSI, sele ifumana ukubalasela mva nje.
Siza kuphonononga ukuzazisa kokuzimela ngokweenkcukacha kwesi sithuba, kubandakanya izibonelelo, ukusebenza, kunye neminye imiba.
Ngoko ke, yintoni i-Self-Song Identity?
Indlela yokujonga idijithali ebizwa ngokuba yi-Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) ivumela abantu kunye namashishini ukuba balawule ngokupheleleyo idatha yabo.
Ngenxa yoko, i-SSI yenza kube lula ukuba nabani na aqinisekise ngokukhuselekileyo isazisi sakhe (okt, ukuba bangoobani kunye nayo nantoni na malunga nabo) kwaye batshintshiselane ngedatha yabo ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni ukhuseleko okanye ubumfihlo.
Ukuyibeka ngenye indlela, i-SSI ikunika ukukwazi "ukuza nesazisi sakho," kwaye oku kuyinyani kulo naluphi na uhlobo lolwazi, kubandakanya ulwazi lwakho olusisiseko (njengegama, ubudala, kunye nedilesi) kunye neenkcukacha malunga nedatha yakho. imfundo kunye nemvelaphi yengqesho, impilo yakho kunye ne-inshurensi, iakhawunti yakho yebhanki kunye nemeko yezemali, njl.
Ukongezelela, i-SSI ingasetyenziselwa ukumela izazisi zedijithali zemibutho, izinto, kunye nabantu ngabanye ngaphezu kwabantu (IoT).
Ekugqibeleni, i-SSI iqinisekisa ukusetwa kwedijithali apho unxibelelwano luthe ngqo kwaye lungenaxinzelelo.
Kuphela linyathelo elilandelayo lendaleko kulawulo lwesazisi, iparadigm entsha apho izazisi zethu zedijithali zingasahlulwa kwaye zitshixelwe kwii-silos eziphantsi kwegunya lomnye umntu kodwa endaweni yoko zisezandleni zethu ukuba zitshintshwe ngokukhuselekileyo nangobulumko.
Kutheni le nto ufanele uthabathe iSizawu sokuZilawula?
Besibukele intshukumo yehlabathi jikelele kunye namashishini anqamlezayo amashumi eminyaka.
Ngelixa le nkqubo yaqala kancinci, iye yakhawulezisa ngokungeniswa kweeselfowuni, ezibeka umhlaba wedijithali ezipokothweni zethu, kwaye ngokumangalisayo ngokuqhambuka kwe-COVID, eqhube ihlabathi ukuba litshintshe ukusuka ekudibaneni komntu nomntu ukuya kwezedijithali.
Nangona kunjalo, akuyomfihlo ukuba i-intanethi yakhiwa ngaphandle kwesazisi, njengoko ilizwe lisiya lisiba lidijithali, sinikwa imingeni ekubonakala ngathi ayinakoyiswa.
Ngamanye amazwi, ngelixa idijithali ibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi, ineendleko:
- Imiba yabucala: Sibone amahlazo abucala kunye nokuhla kwentembeko kubaqokeleli bedatha ngenxa yabantu abangenalawulo kwidatha yabo.
- Iingxaki zokhuseleko: Iindlela zemveli zokukhusela idatha yomsebenzisi kunye nokufikelela kwiinkonzo, ngakumbi ukuqinisekiswa okusekwe kwi-password, zibonakalise zingasebenzi kwaye zibangele ukophulwa kwedatha okungenakubalwa.
- ukunqongophala kolawulo lwedatha: Iifemu ezimbalwa zinexabiso eligxininisiweyo lamandla, kwaye zilawula ngempumelelo idatha kunye nokutshixa abantu.
- Imiba yokuthotyelwa: Ngenxa yokuba kufuneka bagcine kwaye baphathe idatha yomsebenzisi, ababoneleli ngenkonzo ye-intanethi baphantsi kolawulo lukarhulumente.
- amava amabi omsebenzisi: Abasebenzisi banyanzelekile ukuba balawule iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqinisekisa (ezifana neephasiwedi) kwaye banyamezele iinkqubo zokuchonga ezithatha ixesha elide kwi-Intanethi.
I-SSI inikezela ngokoyisa le miba ngokunika abathengi ubunini kwidatha yabo kwaye ibavumele ukuba babelane ngayo ngokulula, ngaphandle kwegama, ngokukhuselekileyo, nangemigaqo yabo.
Izibonelelo zabantu
I-SSI ivumela unxibelelwano lwedijithali olukhuselekileyo, olungenangxaki kwaye inika abathengi ubunini kwidatha yabo:
- Ulawulo: Abantu banokukhetha ngokupheleleyo ukuba idatha yabo igcinwa njani, ifikelelwe, kwaye iphatheke ngenxa yoyilo lwe-SSI oluphakathi komsebenzisi.
- Ukudibana kwabathengi: Ukwabelana ngedatha nabanye kwenziwa lula ngeSSI. Amava okucofa okukodwa asetyenziswa endaweni yeendlela eziqhelekileyo zotshintshiselwano lwedatha njengeefom kunye nokulayisha.
- Ukuzimela: Abantu abasatshixiwe kuba benokuphatheka kwedatha kwaye banokuhamba nedatha yabo naphi na apho baya khona xa benolawulo kwidatha yabo.
- Ubungasese: Ubumfihlo buqinisekiswa luyilo olugxile kumsebenzisi we-SSI, inkxaso yokuvezwa okukhethiweyo, kunye nezinye iindlela zokunciphisa idatha.
- Ukhuseleko: Ngokususa ii-vectors ezingundoqo zohlaselo ezifana namagama ayimfihlo okanye ukugcinwa kwedatha esembindini, i-SSI inciphisa ingozi yokwaphulwa kwedatha okanye ukuvuza.
- unxibelelwano oluthembekileyo: Ukwenza ukuba lubekho naluphi na uhlobo lwedatha oluqinisekisiweyo ukuze kuliwe ubuqhophololo nobuqhophololo, kuqukwa nobusela besazisi, yenye yeenzuzo ezinkulu ze-SSI.
Izibonelelo zombutho
I-SSI ivumela amashishini ukuba aphucule iminikelo yawo, alungelelanise imisebenzi yawo, kwaye anciphise imingcipheko emininzi yeshishini:
- Ukuthintelwa kobuqhophololo: I-SPAM, ubusela bezazisi, ukukhohlisa amaxwebhu, kunye nezinye iindlela zezenzo ezichasayo zinokuyekiswa yimibutho.
- Ukuthembeka kwedatha: Imibutho inokufumana ulwazi oluthembekileyo kwabo bachaphazelekayo ngokusebenzisa i-SSI, eqinisekisiwe kwaye isayinwe ngamaqela angaphandle athembekileyo.
- Ukuthotyelwa: Ngenxa yedatha-centric yomsebenzisi kunye nolawulo lwemvume, imibutho ithobela ngokuzenzekelayo imithetho yobumfihlo kunye nokukhusela idatha.
- Ukhuseleko: Ngokususa imiba yomngcipheko efana namagama ayimfihlo kunye nokugcinwa kwedatha eninzi, imibutho inokunciphisa ukubakho kokwaphulwa kwedatha okanye iphephe ngokupheleleyo.
- Uguqulo kunye nokwaneliseka phakathi kwabachaphazelekayo: Imibutho inokubonelela abo bachaphazelekayo ngofikelelo olulula ngakumbi kwiinkonzo zabo okanye kwimpahla, ukwandisa izinga lokuguqulwa, ukuthotywa kwefowuni yoncedo, kunye nokuphucula ukwaneliseka kwabachaphazelekayo ngokubanzi.
Yintoni indlela yokuzibonakalisa ukuba unguMongami?
Kuya kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo iimbono ezimbini ukuze ucinge nge-SSI kwaye uqonde indlela esebenza ngayo.
Indlela esebenzayo, igxile ekuqondeni imiphumo ye-SSI kubasebenzisi bayo kunye nemarike, ngakumbi oko i-SSI yenza ukuba kwenzeke (ekungenakwenziwa ngaphandle kwe-SSI).
Indlela yobugcisa ijongene nokuqonda ubugcisa ekusekwe phezu kwabo i-SSI, kunye neempawu zezo teknoloji ezizala ukusebenza kwe-SSI kwasekuqaleni.
Indlela esebenzayo
Ngoncedo lwe-SSI, siyakwazi ukulinganisa isazisi sedijithali ngendlela efana nendlela esebenza ngayo kwihlabathi elibonakalayo, elisekelwe kumakhadi okuchonga amaphepha kunye namaphepha.
Kukho utshintsho oluncinci kuphela.
Ngokomzekelo, kunokuba zenziwe ngephepha okanye iplastiki, amaxwebhu ethu okuchongwa ngoku aziziqinisekiso zedijithali eziqulethwe ngamasuntswana kunye nee-bytes, kwaye endaweni yokugcinwa kwi-wallet yesikhumba, zigcinwe kwii-wallet zedijithali kwiifowuni zethu.
Inyaniso yokuba ezi nkcukacha zedijithali zinokuqinisekiswa ngokuchanekileyo nguye nabani na ezitshintshiselwana naye, kwi-intanethi okanye ngaphandle kweintanethi, ibalulekile.
I-SSI yenza ukuba kukwazeke ukunatyiswa kwe-ikhosistim apho amaqela amaninzi anokwabelana kwaye aqinisekise idatha ephathelele kwizazisi.
Iqela ngalinye lingadlala iindima ezintathu kwezi zixokelelwano zendalo, ezifana nemarike enamacala amathathu:
- Abakhuphi: amaqela "akhupha" iziqinisekiso zedijithali eziqulethe idatha enxulumene nesazisi kubantu okanye amaqela (ekubhekiswa kuwo "njengaBaphathi"). Ziyimithombo yedatha yokuqala ye-SSI ecosystem. Umzekelo, urhulumente unokubonelela ngeepaspoti zedijithali kubahlali bakhe okanye abaphumeleleyo banokufumana iidiploma zedijithali kwiiyunivesithi.
- Abanini: iziqinisekiso zedijithali ezikhutshelwa abantu okanye imibutho ("Abakhupheli") kwaye ziqulethe ulwazi malunga nomniki. Abanini bangenza iinkcukacha zezazisi zedijithali ezibanzi ezikulawulo lwabo kwaye kulula ukwabelana nabanye ngokuqokelela nokugcina ezo ngqinisekiso kwizipaji zedijithali (“Abaqinisekisi”).
- Iziqinisekisi: Idata enikwe liqela lesithathu (“Abanini”) esetyenziswa ngamanye amaqela ukubonelela ngempahla kunye neenkonzo inokuqinisekiswa ngokuthembekileyo kwaye iqhutywe ngabo maqela. Ngamaxesha amaninzi, imibutho okanye abantu abasebenza kwizikhundla zabo "NgamaQela aNyeme," ekwabizwa ngokuba "ngabaQinisekisi."
Uxanduva oluthathu luyimfuneko kwi-SSI ecosystems:
Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yokusetyenziswa, iqela elinye linokuthatha iindima zoMkhuphi, uMnini, kunye noMqinisekisi. Umzekelo, iyunivesiti inokubonelela ngezidanga kubafundi abaphumeleleyo (uMniki-zidanga), igcine ezayo iziqinisekiso (uMnini), kwaye ibuze abo baza kuba ngabafundi kwiirekhodi zabo zemfundo (umQinisekisi).
Indlela yobugcisa
Ukusuka kumbono wetekhnoloji, ukuqonda i-SSI kufuna ukuba ube nokuqonda okusisiseko kwezi ngongoma zilandelayo:
- Izichongi ezinatyisiweyo (DIDs), misela isiseko esingundoqo sikawonke-wonke ngokudibanisa izitshixo kwizichongi ezahlukileyo ezivumela amaqela ngamaqela ukuba afumane kwaye anxibelelane omnye nomnye.
- IiRejistries zeTrasti zinokusebenza njengomthombo othembekileyo wokwabelana ngolwazi. Kungenjalo, basebenza “njengomaleko wokuthembana” kunye “nomthombo omnye wenyaniso.”
- Izitshixo zeCryptographic, vumela iimpawu eziyimfuneko ezinje ngoguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo kunye nokuqinisekiswa ngelixa unika abasebenzisi ulawulo kulwazi lwabo lwedijithali.
- Izipaji, ezenza ulawulo kunye notshintshiselwano lwezazisi zethu zedijithali kunye nedatha ngokusebenzisa ii-apps ezilula, gcina izitshixo zethu (ulawulo) kunye ne-VCs (idatha yokuchonga) kwaye ugcine idatha yethu yesazisi kunye nezitshixo.
- Iinkcazi onokuthi uzijonge (VCs) ezingamaphepha okuchongwa kwedijithali anokwabelwana naye nabani na kwaye akhangelwe ngokukhuselekileyo (ukunyaniseka, ukunyaniseka, ukunyaniseka, kunye nokuvela) ngelixa ugcina ubumfihlo. Azizange zigcinwe kwi-blockchain, ebaluleke kakhulu kubumfihlo kunye nezizathu zokulawula.
I-Registries ye-Trust ingadalwa ngokusebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zetekhnoloji, ezifana ne-blockchains (EBSI, Ethereum), okanye i-domain name name (DNS). I-SSI ide isebenze kuphela kwisiseko sontanga-kwi-peer ngaphandle kwayo nayiphi na i-Trust Registries (yeemeko zokusetyenziswa ezithile).
Ukwahluka okufanayo kwiintlobo ze-DID, izitshixo, ubungqina, iifomathi zobungqina, iindlela zokuqinisekisa, kunye neeprotocol zokwabelana ngedatha zinokwenzeka.
Ngenxa yoko, kukho "iincasa" ezininzi ze-SSI ezisekelwe kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokudityaniswa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zokwakha.
Umahluko kubuchwephesha obuqeshiweyo busebenza njengomzekeliso obalulekileyo wokuba kutheni ukusebenzisana bekusoloko kuyeyona miba ibalulekileyo kushishino kwaye kutheni kusetyenziswa imigangatho evulelekileyo-njengaleyo idalwe yi-W3C, Isazisi esinatyisiweyo Isiseko, iSiseko se-OpenID, kunye nabanye-ibalulekile ekukhetheni itekhnoloji kunye nabathengisi.
Sebenzisa iimeko
Yonke inkampani kunye norhulumente ngamnye kufuneka axabise isazisi sedijithali. Akukho ntsimi okanye ishishini ngaphandle apho lingayi kuyidinga. Iimeko zokusetyenziswa ngoko ke azinamda.
Imizekelo ibandakanya izazisi ezisesikweni ezifunekayo kuhambo okanye i-KYC ("mazi umthengi wakho"), kunye nezidanga kunye nezatifikethi ezifunekayo ukubonelela ngeenkonzo ezithile okanye ulwazi lwentlalo yokuyila amava obuqu kunye nawohlukileyo.
eziluncedo
- Idatha iyimfihlo ngakumbi.
- Indlela isebenza ngakumbi.
- Idatha yeyabasebenzisi ingaphezulu ezandleni zabo.
- Ikhuseleke ngakumbi kwaye ikhusela ukophulwa kwedatha rhoqo kunye nolunye uhlaselo.
- Akuyomfuneko ukuba abasebenzisi bathembele kwabanye ababoneleli bezazisi abanokuthengisa kwaye benze inzuzo kwidatha yakho.
neengozi
- Abasebenzisi bajongene nokhuseleko lwabo.
- Kunokuba nzima ukugcina umkhondo weenkcukacha zobuqu kunye namaphepha-mvume.
- Idatha yobungqina ihlala ingacwangciswanga kwaye yenziwe lula.
- Kuyenzeka ukuba idata intermediates ezithile ayikwazi ukupheliswa.
- Kusenokubakho amaqonga okuchonga amaninzi, anokufuna abathengi ukuba basebenzise izicelo ezahlukeneyo.
isiphelo
Ngenxa yoko, i-SSI ngokungathandabuzekiyo ingqikelelo enekamva eliqaqambileyo njengoko ijongana neengxaki ezifanelekileyo kuwo onke amacandelo kwaye zikho jikelele.
Njengoko amashishini amaninzi asebenzisa i-SSI, ukwamkelwa kobuchwephesha kuya kusasazeka njengomlilo wasendle, ekugqibeleni kuzisa i-SSI ebanzi.
Shiya iMpendulo