Isiqulatho[Fihla][Bonisa]
Iinkampani ezininzi zizama ukuphuhlisa usetyenziso olusebenzayo kunye nesoftware ukwenzela ukunika abathengi babo amava edijithali ekukhanyeni kweenguqu zamaxesha kunye nendlela elisebenza ngayo ilizwe ngoku.
Ngokwenza oku, banokuhlangabezana ngcono neemfuno zabathengi babo.
Ukusebenza nabaphuhlisi ukwenza le mibono yedijithali ibe yinyani kunokuba nzima. Enye yazo kukwazi amagama aphambili kunye neekhonsepthi ezisetyenziswa ngexesha lenkqubo yophuhliso lwesoftware.
Okubi nangakumbi, ayinguye wonke umphuhlisi onokuchaza ngokucacileyo kwaye ngokulula ezi mbono kwabo bangezongcali kushishino lwabo. I-SDK kunye ne-API zimbini iingcamango ezinjalo.
Nangona la mabinzana adlulayo njengoko esetyenziswa rhoqo kulo lonke uphuhliso lwesoftware.
Ngoku kunzima kakhulu ukubahlukanisa ngenxa yoku. Ukongeza, abanye abaphuhlisi banokucela ukuba ukhethe phakathi kwezi zimbini xa uqhagamshela iinkqubo, eyingxaki.
Ungakhetha njani phakathi kwazo xa ungayiqondi ngokupheleleyo ingqikelelo ethile? Ngaba kuyimfuneko ukukhetha enye yazo?
Ngeenkcazo ezicacileyo, imizekelo, kunye nezifundo zezehlo zokunceda ukuqonda, eli nqaku liza kuphonononga umahluko phakathi kwezi ngcamango zimbini.
Yintoni i-SDK?
I-SDK imele ikhithi yophuhliso lwesoftware, njengoko igama licebisa. Yikhithi ebandakanya izixhobo zesoftware kunye neeapps ezifunwa ngabadwelisi benkqubo ukwakha usetyenziso lwamaqonga ahlukeneyo.
Ibandakanya yonke into efunekayo ukwenza imodyuli yosetyenziso. Iqela lezixhobo zophuhliso lwesoftware ezikhethekileyo kumaqonga enza i-SDK.
Ezi zixhobo zisenokuba ngabalungisi beempazamo, abaqulunqi, iilayibrari zekhowudi (ekwaziwa ngokuba zisikhokelo), okanye iinkqubo kunye neendlela ezingaphantsi eziyilelwe ngokukodwa inkqubo yokusebenza.
Ngokufana nendlela onokuthi ufune ngayo iimveliso ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ukuseta ngokufanelekileyo idesika, usebenzisa i-SDK kuyafana nokwenza njalo. Oku kuya kubandakanya amacandelo edesika, imiyalelo yokuseta, kunye nezixhobo ozidingayo ukudibanisa idesika.
Iziqwenga zokwakha ze-SDK eziqhelekileyo ziquka oku kulandelayo:
- Amathala eencwadi ekhowudi: Endaweni yokujikeleza ivili, abaphuhlisi banokusebenzisa izixhobo esele zikho (ezifana nolandelelwano lwekhowudi) enkosi kwiilayibrari zekhowudi.
- Izixhobo zokuvavanya kunye nokuhlalutya: Ezi zixhobo zivavanya indlela isicelo esenza ngayo kuzo zombini izicwangciso zokuvavanya kunye nemveliso.
- Uxwebhu: Kuyo yonke inkqubo yophuhliso, abaphuhlisi bajongana nemiyalelo ebhaliweyo njengoko kuyimfuneko.
- Umqokeleli: Umqokeleli yisoftware ehlalutya iziteyitimenti kwiilwimi zokucwangcisa kwaye iziguqule zibe “yikhowudi” enokuqondwa ngumqhubekekisi.
- I-debugger: I-debugger inceda abadwelisi benkqubo ukuba bafumane kwaye balungise iimpazamo kwikhowudi.
- Iisampulu zekhowudi zityhila imisebenzi yeprogram okanye iimeko ezibonelela ngokuqonda ngakumbi kwesicelo okanye iphepha lewebhu.
- I-routines kunye ne-subroutines: Kwikhowudi yonke yekhompyutheni, i-routine okanye i-subroutine yindlela, umsebenzi, ukusebenza, i-subprogram, okanye inxalenye yekhowudi enokuthiwa kwaye yenziwe naphi na. Umzekelo, inkqubo isetyenziselwa ukwenza ukhetho lokugcina ifayile.
Zisebenza Njani Ii-SDKs?
Ii-SDKs zibonelela abaphuhlisi ukufikelela kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo abazidingayo ukwenza usetyenziso lwesoftware ngokukhawuleza.
Kwi-Android ye-Android kunye ne-Apple ye-iOS, i-Facebook, umzekelo, inikeza i-SDK. Ezi SDKs zisebenza njengamathala eencwadi asimahla, avulelekileyo enza kube lula ukubandakanya uFacebook kwisicelo sakho se-Android okanye se-iOS.
Ukongeza, iMicrosoft ibonelela.NET isakhelo se-SDK sezicelo ezinzima. Ibandakanya imizekelo, izixhobo, kunye namathala eencwadi afunekayo ukwenza usetyenziso lweWindows.
Ngoku sele uqhelene nezinto ezithile zee-SDKs, makhe sijonge ukuba zisebenza njani na.
- Kuya kufuneka uqale uthenge, ukhuphele, kwaye ufake "ikhithi" eyimfuneko kwiqonga lakho. Oku kunokusebenza ekukhupheni iifayile ezinemiyalelo, imizekelo, kunye namacandelo ecandelo.
- Emva koko, unokufikelela kwindawo edibeneyo yophuhliso (IDE) kunye nazo zonke izixhobo ezifunekayo ukwenza isicelo esitsha. Ke abadwelisi benkqubo banokuqalisa ukwenza iiapps zabo. Umsebenzi womqokeleli ngoku ucacile.
- Ekugqibeleni, unokuvavanya isicelo esitsha usebenzisa amaxwebhu, imizekelo yekhowudi, imiyalelo, kunye nezixhobo zokuhlalutya.
Ungaqala uhambo lwakho nge-SDK wakuba ugqibile la manyathelo.
Iintlobo ze-SDK
Ii-SDKs zisisiseko sokuphuhlisa iiwebhusayithi kunye nezicelo eziphathwayo.
Makhe sihlolisise ezimbalwa kwiintlobo eziqhelekileyo ze-SDK.
- I-Platform SDKs: Ezi SDK zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo ezifunekayo ekudaleni usetyenziso lwawo onke amaqonga. Umzekelo, Windows 11 Ii-apps zoGcino zenziwe kusetyenziswa Windows 11 SDK.
- Ulwandiso lwe-SDKs: Ezi zixhobo zophuhliso zesoftware zongezelelweyo zisetyenziselwa ukuphucula kunye nokwenza imekobume yophuhliso ibe yeyakho. Akuyomfuneko, nangona kunjalo, ukwenza ii -apps zeqonga elithile.
- Ii-SDK zohlalutyo: Ezi SDK ziqokelela ulwazi malunga nemisebenzi yabasebenzisi, indlela yokuziphatha, njl.
- Ii-SDK zokwenza imali: Ezi SDK zisetyenziswa ngabaphuhlisi ukufaka iintengiso kwii-apps esele zikhona. Amiselwa ngenjongo ekhethekileyo yokwenza imali.
- Ii-SDK zeelwimi zokuprograma: Ezi SDK zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iinkqubo kwiilwimi ezithile. Umzekelo, iJava Developer Kit (JDK) isetyenziselwa ukwenza izicelo ezisebenzisa ulwimi lwenkqubo yeJava.
Izibonelelo ze-SDK
- Uphuhliso lwesoftware lunokukhawuleziswa ngenxa yofikelelo olulula lwe-SDK kumacandelo asele elungile.
- Ngenxa yenkqubo yophuhliso ekhawulezileyo enikwa zii-SDKs, abaphuhlisi banokuphinda basebenzise iziqwengana zekhowudi. Oku kuvumela abadwelisi benkqubo ixesha elininzi lokugxila kwimisebenzi ebalulekileyo.
- Ii-SDKs zibonelela ngesoftware engenamthungo kunye nokusebenzisana kwesicelo. Ukongeza, banikezela ukufikelela ngokulula kulwazi oluyimfuneko ngokusebenzisa amaphepha afanelekileyo.
- Ii-SDKs zixhotyiswe ngamaxwebhu abanzi kunye noncedo lwekhowudi eyakhelweyo. Ngenxa yoko, abaphuhlisi akufuneki bakhangele iingcali zesihloko ukuphendula imibuzo yabo.
- Ezi zinto zikhankanywe ngasentla zinceda ekunciphiseni iindleko ezingeyomfuneko ezichithwe ngexesha lophuhliso lwesoftware kunye nezigaba zasemva kokuthunyelwa.
Ngoku masiqhubele phambili kwinxalenye ye-API yenguqu.
Yintoni i-API?
Application Programming Interface yaziwa ngesifinyezo API. Ichaza uluhlu lwezikhokelo apho amaqonga, izixhobo zegajethi, okanye iinkqubo zinxibelelana kunye kunye notshintshiselwano ngolwazi.
I-APIs inokuba ngamaqumrhu ahlukeneyo okanye inxalenye ye-SDK. Yenza i-synchrony kuzo zonke izicelo ezininzi kumgangatho wenkqubo kuzo zombini iimeko.
Ukwenziwa kwee-APIs ezisebenzayo kuxhomekeke kubaphuhlisi abenza uninzi lwesoftware yobunini okanye engeyosimahla. Emva koko, banokusebenzisa iinkonzo eziphuhlisiwe ze-APIs abathengi abanokufikelela kuzo.
Ikhontrakthi yamaqela amabini kunye ne-API ziyafana. Kunye nokuhanjiswa kolwazi olukhawulezileyo, ikwabonelela ngemiyalelo malunga nokuba ulwazi kufuneka luhanjiswe njani.
Amagama athi "API" kunye "ne-interface" ngamanye amaxesha asetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kwinto enye kuba ezinye ii-APIs zaziwa ngokubonelela ngo "interface."
I-API ineendawo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo:
- Izinto zobuchwephesha: Ulwazi malunga neeprothokholi zokuhlanganiswa kwe-API zibizwa ngokuba yinkcazo ye-API (oko kukuthi, kunye namanye amaqonga, kunye nezicelo). Kufuneka ibhalwe ngokucokisekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-API isetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo.
- Uqhagamshelwano: I-interface inikezela ngeendlela zokufikelela kwii-API. Ukuba i-API yewebhu, inokufumaneka ngegama elingundoqo okanye nge-interface eyahlukileyo.
Isebenza Njani I-API?
Ii-APIs zenza unxibelelwano olungenamthungo kuzo zonke iiseti zezicelo ezahlukeneyo. Thatha imeko yevenkile enkulu apho sele uneapp apho abathengi banokukhangela kwaye baodole izinto kwi-Intanethi.
I-app yakho sele ibonelela ngale nkonzo. Masicinge ukuba abathengi bakwanqwenela ukukhangela iivenkile zokutya kwindawo ethile yesixeko.
Kule meko, ungaqhagamshela iapp yakho kubaboneleli benkonzo yegrosari abaziwayo abakhoyo esixekweni. Ngokuphumeza i-API ye-geolocation, abasebenzisi banokufuna iivenkile zokutya ngaphandle kokukhathazeka malunga nesicelo esahlukileyo se-geolocation.
Ngokwembono yetekhnoloji, isicelo se-API sibandakanya izenzo ezidweliswe ngezantsi:
- Umsebenzi osuka kusetyenziso lwakho uqalwa ngumsebenzisi wesicelo owenza isicelo.
- Ngokubiza i-webserver, i-API idlulisela isicelo. Isicelo siqhele ukuba sifikelele kwisiphelo se-API, ngoko ke i-API iyazi ukuba iyithumele phi. Isiphelo sichazwe ngumncedisi we URL.
- Ekugqibeleni, umsebenzi ugqityiwe ekubeni i-database okanye inkqubo yangaphandle ibonelela ngenkonzo efunekayo.
Iintlobo ze-API
REST (Representational State Transfer)
Enye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo ze-APIs yi-REST API, ekufuneka ihambe ngenani lemigangatho, kuquka:
- Uyilo lweseva yomxhasi: Abaxumi akufuneki bachatshazelwe lutshintsho lweseva
- I-CRUD (Yenza, Funda, Hlaziya, Cima) kunye ne-JSON zisetyenziswa ngumxhasi kunye nomncedisi ukunxibelelana.
- Phakathi kwazo naziphi na izicelo ezimbini, umncedisi akagcini ubume bomxhasi.
Uthutho lwedatha luhlala lusebenzisa i-REST. Ukufumana igama lomsebenzisi kaFacebook, indawo, kunye nomfanekiso weprofayile kwenye inkqubo, umzekelo, umntu usebenzisa iFacebook API.
ISEPHA (iProtokholi yoFikelelo lweNto oluLula) APIs
Zii-API ezisekelwe kwiwebhu ezisetyenziswa xa ubumfihlo bedatha okwandisiweyo kunye nokhuseleko luyimfuneko. Bayakwazi ukunxibelelana ngeeprothokholi ezisekwe kwiwebhu, kubandakanya iHTTP, SMTP, TCP/IP, kunye nabanye.
I-REST yiparadigm yoyilo, ngelixa i-SOAP iyingqokelela yemigaqo. Ngenxa yoko, iiprotocol ezisekelwe kwi-SOAP zingasetyenziselwa ukuphuhlisa i-RESTful APIs.
RPC(Umnxeba weNkqubo ekude)
Oku kusetyenziselwa ukuqhuba ikhowudi kwindlela eyahlukileyo. I-RPC ibiza iindlela, ngokuchasene ne-REST, apho umxhasi ucela nje idatha. Izicelo, ezaziwa ngokuba zii-XML-RPCs kunye ne-JSON-RPCs, zingangeniswa nokuba ziifomu ze-XML okanye ze-JSON.
Emva kokuba inkqubo isetyenzisiwe, umenzi-sicelo ulindele impendulo evela kwenye inkqubo.
Umzekelo, i-API yesango lokuhlawula iqinisekisa inombolo yekhadi letyala (ngokusebenzisa ikhowudi ekuqukunjelweni kwayo) kwaye yazisa i-app ecelayo ukuba iphumelele okanye ayiphumelelanga.
Izibonelelo ze-API
- Bobabini abasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo kunye nabaxhamli bophuhliso baxhamla kwii-APIs. Ukuphucula iinkqubo ze-arhente kunye nokwandisa amandla orhwebo ombutho, abaphuhlisi banokusebenzisana nabachaphazelekayo kushishino.
- Ii-APIs ziqhagamshela iinkqubo zesoftware ezahlukeneyo ngelixa ziphucula inkqubo okanye ukusebenza kwemveliso iyonke.
- Nje ukuba yenziwe, ulwazi lunokwabelwana ngokulula kwaye luphinde lusetyenziswe kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufikelela kwi-API.
- Ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kwenziwa kusetyenziswa ii-APIs. Ngokulungelelanisa ulwazi okanye iinkonzo ngokwezidingo zabo, wonke umsebenzisi okanye ishishini linokuzuza koku.
- Ii-APIs zinceda abadwelisi benkqubo ekukhawuleziseni inkqubo yophuhliso lwesoftware. I-API automation ibambe isitshixo njengeekhompyuter kunokuba kusetyenziswe amandla okusebenza ngesandla ukuphatha umsebenzi. Iinkampani zinokuphucula ukuhamba kwazo zonke ngaxeshanye, ngenxa yee-APIs.
I-SDK & APIs: Iiyantlukwano eziphambili
Njengoko iingcaciso ezandulelayo zibonisa, ezi ngcamango ngenene ziyadibana kwaye zinxibelelana ngeendlela ezahlula umahluko phakathi kwazo.
Nangona kunjalo, siya kuzama ukwenza umahluko ocacileyo ukuze silungise nakuphi na ukungaqiniseki okuseleyo.
- Ii-APIs zingabandakanya ii-SDKs, kodwa ii-SDKs azinakubanjwa zii-APIs.
- Iiprogram ezimbini ziyakwazi ukunxibelelana ngokubulela kwi-API. Zonke izixhobo ozidingayo ukwenza usetyenziso ukusuka ekuqaleni zikwi-SDK.
- Ii-APIs zisetyenziswa yi-SDKs ukwenza unxibelelwano phakathi kweenkqubo ezimbini. Usetyenziso alunakwenziwa ngee-APIs.
- Ii-SDK zilula ukuzisebenzisa kwaye zidibanise ngokukhawuleza. Ii-APIs zilula ukuziqhelanisa kwaye zinqongophele iilayibrari zekhowudi.
- Ngokwenene, i-API isebenza njengojongano lwesicelo. Ii-SDKs zibhloko zokwakha zokwenza usetyenziso.
- Abaphuhlisi bahlala besenza ii-apps besebenzisa i-SDK. Kuphela xa kukho imfuneko yoqhagamshelwano lwangaphandle kunye namanye amaqonga ama-API afaka umfanekiso.
- Izicelo zokudluliselwa kwe-APIs ukusuka kwi-app ukuya kwenye kwaye ibonelela ngeempendulo kwi-app yokuqala. Ii-SDK zibandakanya yonke into oyifunayo ukunxibelelana nezinye iinkqubo kunye nokwenza iinkqubo.
Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-SDK & APIs
Ngokwenyani, ii-APIs zichaza indlela amaqonga amaninzi anokulungelelanisa ngayo imisebenzi yawo. Ngokusebenzisa iiprothokholi kunye nemigangatho, ziququzelela ukuhlanganiswa kwesicelo. Ke ngoko zezinye zeendawo ezibalulekileyo ze-SDK.
Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenzisa ii-APIs ukwakha iinkqubo ukusuka phezulu akunakwenzeka.
Ii-SDKs zenza kube lula ukwenza isoftwe entsha okanye usetyenziso olukhethekileyo lweqonga elithile okanye ulwimi lwenkqubo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-SDK iqulethe ubuncinane i-API yonxibelelwano lwangaphandle.
Sebenzisa i-SDK yeqonga apho usetyenziso lwakho luya kusebenza kulo, olufana ne-iOS, ukuba uyaliphuhlisela elo qonga. Sebenzisa i-API ye-app ukusebenzisana nezinye ii-apps ze-intanethi, ezifana ne-Facebook.
isiphelo
Ukuqukumbela, ii-SDK zihlala zibandakanya ii-API, kodwa akukho API iza nee-SDK. Ii-SDKs zenza kube lula ukwenza ii -apps, njengesiseko sekhaya senza ukuba indlu ime mde.
Ukongeza, ii-APIs zinquma ukuba njani ii-apps ngaphakathi kwe-SDKs sebenza kwaye unxibelelane, kanye njengokuba iintambo zefowuni zenza ukunxibelelana nehlabathi langaphandle.
Shiya iMpendulo