Isiqulatho[Fihla][Bonisa]
Le ntetho iya kujikeleza iimodyuli kunye neepakethe kwiPython.
Ziyindlela yokucwangcisa ikhowudi yakho ngendlela yeefayile kwaye zibaluleke ngokwenene ukuba unenjongo yokwakha usetyenziso lwewebhu ngePython.
iminqongo
Imodyuli kwiPython ngokusisiseko yifayile enekhowudi yepython esiyisebenzisayo ukucwangcisa ikhowudi yethu kwiifayile. Yicinge njengamacandelo evenkileni. Xa usiya kwivenkile enkulu kukho amacandelo ahlukeneyo eziqhamo, imifuno, iimveliso zokucoca njl.njl. Awuboni icandelo elinye elinazo zonke iimveliso.
Yinto ingcamango efanayo kudweliso lwenkqubo. Esikhundleni sokubhala yonke ikhowudi yethu kunye nayo yonke imisebenzi kunye neeklasi kwi-main.py, siqhekeza ikhowudi yethu kwiifayile ezininzi. Ifayile nganye ibizwa ngokuba yimodyuli. Ngale nto, ayisiyiyo kuphela ikhowudi yethu elungelelaniswe kwaye yakhiwe ngcono, kodwa sinakho ukuphinda sisebenzise ikhowudi yethu. Masiyibone ngomzekelo.
Makhe sichaze imisebenzi emibini yokuguqula ubunzima ukusuka kwiponti ukuya kwiikhilogram kwaye ngokuphambeneyo.
def lbs_to_kg(weight):
return weight * 0.45
def kg_to_lbs(weight):
return weight / 0.45
Ngoku, sinokuthatha le misebenzi mibini kwaye siyibeke kwimodyuli eyahlukileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi "converters", kwaye ke ingangeniswa kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo efuna le misebenzi yokuguqula. Makhe ndikubonise indlela yokwenza oku.
Masivule ipaneli yethu yeprojekthi kwaye sicofe ekunene iprojekthi kwaye songeze ifayile entsha. Siza kuyibiza le fayile ngokuthi "Converters.py".
Ngoku kopisha ikhowudi kwifayile engagqibekanga kwaye uyinamathisele kwi "Converters.py".
Ngale nto, siye sacoca imodyuli yethu ephambili kwaye ayidumbanga ngemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Njengoko sibhala imisebenzi emininzi kunye neeklasi, sizibeka kwiimodyuli ezihambelanayo. Imodyuli kufuneka iqulathe yonke imisebenzi enxulumeneyo kunye neeklasi. Ngoku, sifuna ukungenisa imodyuli yokuguqula kwimodyuli yethu yosetyenziso. Ukwenza oku, bhala import converters
phezulu ngaphandle kolwandiso ".py".
Singafikelela kumalungu emodyuli ngokusebenzisa i-dot operator efana neendlela.
Masiguqule ama-70 kg kwiiponti:
Kukwakho nenye i-syntax yokungenisa iimodyuli. Endaweni yokungenisa yonke imodyuli, singangenisa imisebenzi ethile ukusuka kuloo modyuli. Singachwetheza from Converters import
kwaye ucinezele "control + space ukubonisa uluhlu lwemisebenzi ekhoyo. Ngale nto, sinokubiza ngokuthe ngqo lo msebenzi.
Lolonga
Nanku umthambo wakho.
Oku kunxulumene nomsebenzi osuka kwintetho apho besixoxa khona “iilogo” apho sibhale inkqubo yokufumanisa elona nani likhulu kuluhlu
numbers = [8, 3, 6, 10, 5]
max = numbers[0]
for number in numbers:
if number > max:
max = number
print(max)
Le khowudi okwangoku ayinambutho. Asinayo nayiphi na imisebenzi okanye iimodyuli kwaye inkqubo ibhalwe kwifayile enye. Oko kulungile kwiinkqubo ezincinci kodwa njengoko iinkqubo zakho zikhula, kufuneka ulungelelanise ngokufanelekileyo ikhowudi yakho kwiiklasi kunye neemodyuli. Ke ngoko, njengenxalenye yalo msebenzi, ndifuna ukuba ubhale umsebenzi, uwubize find_max
. Lo msebenzi kufuneka uthathe uluhlu kwaye ubuyisele elona nani likhulu kolo luhlu. Emva koko qhubeka kwaye ubeke lo msebenzi kwimodyuli eyahlukileyo, yikhuphe apha kwaye uyibeke kwimodyuli ebizwa utils
. Lo mnqongo kufuneka uqulathe iqela lemisebenzi eluncedo. Ngenisa ngaphandle i utils
imodyuli kwimodyuli yangoku kwaye ufowune find_max
umsebenzi. Ekugqibeleni, fumana isiphumo kwaye uprinte kwi-terminal.
Lo msebenzi ngumngeni omncinci kodwa uyenzeka lula.
isisombululo
Qala ngokuchaza umsebenzi find_max
kwaye wongeze iparameter ebizwa ngokuba ngamanani. Ngaphakathi kwalo msebenzi, bhala i-algorithm yokufumana elona nani likhulu kuluhlu.
def find_max(numbers):
max = numbers[0]
for number in numbers:
if number > max:
max = number
return max
Gcina le khowudi kwifayile "utils.py" njengemodyuli.
Buyela kwinkqubo yethu engundoqo, ngenisa nje imodyuli ngenye yeesintaksi ezimbini kwaye wenze ngokulula ingqiqo.
Enye into, kufuneka ndizise ingqalelo yakho kubo bajongelwe phantsi max
. Isizathu soko kukuba max
ngumsebenzi owakhelwe-ngaphakathi kwiPython kwaye siyichaza kwakhona. Ngoko esi sisilumkiso esivela kwi Python compiler ukuba asinakuphinda sisebenzise i-max njengomsebenzi wayo owakhelwe-ngaphakathi.
Iimodyuli ezakhelwe ngaphakathi kwiPython
I-Python iza nelayibrari eqhelekileyo equlethe iimodyuli ezininzi zemisebenzi eqhelekileyo efana nokuthumela i-imeyile, ukusebenza kunye nomhla kunye nexesha, ukuvelisa amanani angaqhelekanga kunye neephasiwedi njalo njalo. Zininzi iimodyuli esele zakhiwe kwiPython nto leyo ethetha ukuba sele kuninzi ukusebenza esinokuphinda sikusebenzise. Ungazifumana ezi modyuli Apha.
Iipakethi
Iipakethi ngokusisiseko yenye indlela yokucwangcisa ikhowudi yethu ngaphezulu kweemodyuli. Iprojekthi yokwenyani inokuqulatha amakhulu okanye amawaka eemodyuli kwaye ekuhambeni kwexesha ulawulo lwethu luya kugcwala ngeefayile ezininzi. Ke ngoko, indlela engcono kukucwangcisa iimodyuli ezinxulumeneyo ngaphakathi kwepakethe eyenza ipakethe ibe sisikhongozeli seemodyuli ezininzi.
Uluhlu olutsha longezwa kwiprojekthi kwaye zonke iimodyuli ezinxulumene nazo zongezwa kulo vimba weefayili. Ngokomzekelo, khawucinge ngodederhu lweevenkile. Kukho amacandelo awohlukeneyo amadoda, abafazi kunye nempahla yabantwana kudederhu lweevenkile ezifana neepakethe. Icandelo ngalinye linemimandla eyahlukeneyo yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso ezifana nezihlangu, izikipa kunye neebhatyi. Cinga ezi njengeemodyuli.
Makhe sibone, ukwenza kunye nokusebenzisa iipakethi kwiPython.
Okokuqala, yongeza ulawulo olutsha olusuka kwiqela leprojekthi. Masiyibize "i-eCommerce". Le phakheji iya kuqulatha zonke iimodyuli ezinxulumene nesicelo se-eCommerce.
Iseyincwadi engenanto kwaye ukuyiguqulela kwiphakheji, kufuneka senze ifayile ekhethekileyo kuyo. Yongeza ifayile entsha yepython kolu luhlu kwaye ubize loo fayile "__init__". Yingqungquthela ekhethekileyo kwiPython kwaye xa itoliki yePython ibona ifayile eneli gama kuluhlu, iphatha olu lawulo njengephakheji.
Sikwanayo nenye indlela kunye nemfutshane yokwenza ipakethe. Cofa nje ekunene ipaneli yeprojekthi kwaye wenze iphakheji yePython kuluhlu. Yinike igama elithi "eCommerce" kwaye yiloo nto. Iyakwenza ngokuzenzekelayo uvimba weefayili kunye nefayile yePython egama lingu "__init__".
Ngoku, masenze imodyuli kwiphakheji kwaye siyibize ngokuba "yinqanawa". Kule modyuli, masenze umsebenzi olula wokubala iindleko zokuthumela ngenqanawa.
def calc_shipping():
print("calc_shipping")
Ukufikelela kulo msebenzi kwimodyuli yethu ephambili, kufuneka sifikelele kuyo ngephakheji ye-e-commerce. Kwakhona sineendlela ezimbini zokungenisa le modyuli.
Kwindlela yokuqala, sinokungenisa yonke imodyuli kwaye emva koko sibize umsebenzi ngokuzimeleyo ngolu hlobo:
import eCommerce.shipping
eCommerce.shipping.calc_shipping()
Nangona kunjalo, ngale ndlela, ukubiza enye yemisebenzi kule modyuli kufuna isimaphambili sayo eCommerce.shipping.
Kuthetha kakhulu oko. Ke, xa sisebenza ngeepakethi sihlala sisebenzisa indlela yesibini kwaye sisebenzise i from
ngxelo.
from eCommerce.shipping import calc_shipping
calc_shipping()
Ukuba unemisebenzi emininzi kumnqongo omnye ungangenisa zonke kumgca omnye ngokusebenzisa iikoma phakathi kwazo. Masithi kukho omnye umsebenzi wokubala irhafu kwimodyuli yethu yokuthumela ngenqanawa. Oko kuya kuthunyelwa ngolu hlobo:
from eCommerce.shipping import calc_shipping, calc_tax
Ungangenisa kwakhona iimodyuli zomntu ngamnye kwaye ushiye imisebenzi eza kubizwa kamva kwiprogram. Masingenise ukuthunyelwa kwemodyuli kwaye emva koko sisebenzise i-dot operator ukubiza umsebenzi calc_shipping.
from eCommerce import shipping
shipping.calc_shipping()
Songa!
Iipakethi kunye neeModyuli zibaluleke kakhulu kwiPython. Ngokukodwa, xa ufuna ukusebenza kunye nesakhelo esifana ne-Django esetyenziselwa ukwakha izicelo zewebhu kunye nePython. Siza kujonga kwi-Django ngexesha elinye ikhosi yePython.
Le yayiyintetho yokugqibela eqhelekileyo kolu ngcelele. Intetho elandelayo iya kuphambuka kwifomathi yethu yesiqhelo kwaye siya kufunda iimeko zokusetyenziswa ezibalulekileyo kwiPython. Oko kuya kuphawula isiphelo solu ngcelele kwaye siya kudlulela kuthotho lwethu olulandelayo lwePython. Hlala ubukele loo nto.
Shiya iMpendulo