imisebenzi
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, besibhala yonke ikhowudi yethu kwi-app.py, kodwa njengoko iinkqubo zethu zikhula, sidinga indlela engcono yokucwangcisa ikhowudi yethu. Kufuneka sahlule ikhowudi yethu ibe ngamaqhekeza amancinci, alawulekayo, kwaye alondolozeke ngakumbi esiwabiza ngokuba yimisebenzi. Umsebenzi sisitya semigca embalwa yekhowudi eyenza umsebenzi othile.
Umzekelo, sele ufunde malunga nemisebenzi embalwa eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi kwiPython print()
kwaye input()
. Umsebenzi ngamnye unenjongo kwaye uyayazi indlela yokwenza umsebenzi othile. Ke, xa sisakha iinkqubo ezinkulu ezintsonkothileyo, kufuneka sahlule ikhowudi yethu ibe ngamaqhekeza amancinci aphinda asebenziseke, oko kukuthi imisebenzi.
Masiyiqonde le ngcamango ngokwakha inkqubo yokuprinta umyalezo wokubulisa.
print('Hi there!')
print('Welcome aboard!')
Apha sinenkqubo elula enemigca emibini kuphela yekhowudi. Ngoku, masithi, sizakuzifuna kwezinye iinkqubo ukuze sizibeke kumsebenzi esinokuphinda siwusebenzise.
Mandazise igama elingundoqo eligciniweyo def
kwiPython, emfutshane ukuchaza kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuchaza umsebenzi.
def greet_user():
print('Hi there!')
print('Welcome aboard!')
Ngoku le bhloko yekhowudi iyakuchaza umsebenzi "greet_user
” ngemigca yeekhowudi emva koko. Nanini na lo msebenzi ubizwa, le migca mibini izakwenziwa. Masisebenzise oku:
print('start')
greet_user()
print('finish')
Udweliso lwenkqubo lwenziwa ngokulandelelanayo, oku kuthetha ukuba kuya kufuneka uchaze umsebenzi phambi kokuwubiza kudweliso lwenkqubo.
iparameters
Imisebenzi echaziweyo isebenza kancinci ngokwahlukileyo kunemisebenzi eyakhelweyo yePython. Umzekelo, kwimeko ye print()
umsebenzi, kuthatha ulwazi oluthile esifuna ukuprinta, kodwa umsebenzi wethu wokubulisa awuthathi naluphi na ulwazi. Bekungayi kuba kuhle ukuba unokudlulisa igama lomsebenzisi apha kwaye emva koko, endaweni yokuthi “molo apho”, ungaprinta igama lomsebenzisi?
Unokwenza oku ngokudibanisa iiparameters ngaphakathi kwe-parenthesis yomsebenzi ochaziweyo. Makhe ndikubonise:
def greet_user(name):
print('Hi there!')
print('Welcome aboard!')
Ngoku "name
” ngaphakathi kwi-parenthesis iya kusebenza njengotshintsho lwasekuhlaleni kwaye sinokudlulisela igama lomsebenzisi xa siyibiza.
greet_user('Shahbaz')
Ngoku iparameter yegama isetilwe ku “Shahbaz
”. Masiyiguqule inkqubo ukuze siyisebenzise.
def greet_user(name):
print(f'Hi {name}')
print('Welcome aboard!')
print('start')
greet_user('Shahbaz')
print('finish')
Into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyiqaphele kukuba "igama" elikumgca wokuqala libizwa ngokuba yiParameter ngelixa igama elinikezelweyo, okt Shahbaz libizwa ngokuba yimpikiswano.
Masiqhubele phambili kwaye siqhube le nkqubo.
Ke ngezi parameters, sinokufumana ulwazi kwimisebenzi yethu.
Ngoku, masenze into enika umdla. Masithi ufuna ukongeza elinye igama kumyalezo wokubulisa. Ilula.
def greet_user(name):
print(f'Hi {name}')
print('Welcome aboard!')
print('start')
greet_user('Shahbaz')
greet_user('Aayush')
print('finish')
Ngoku qaphela ukuba xa umsebenzi une parameter, sinyanzelekile ukuba sigqithise ixabiso laloo parameter. Ukuba ususa igama kumsebenzi kwaye uqhube inkqubo, siya kufumana impazamo. Ungasebenzisa kwakhona iiparamitha ezininzi kumsebenzi omnye, ohlulwe sisiphumlisi.
Umzekelo, greet_user(first_name, last_name):
. Iingxoxo nazo ziya kufomathwa ngokufanayo.
Iingxoxo zegama elingundoqo
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, sifundile ukuba nanini na sichaza iiparameters zemisebenzi yethu kufuneka sisoloko sibonelela amaxabiso kungenjalo siyakufumana impazamo. Kwinkqubo yokugqibela, iingxoxo 'Shahbaz'
kwaye 'Bhatti'
zibizwa ngokuba ziingxoxo zezikhundla (positional arguments), okuthetha indawo yazo okanye imiba yolandelelwano kwinkqubo.
KwiPython, sinolunye uhlobo lweengxabano ezibizwa ngokuba ziingxoxo zegama elingundoqo, apho isikhundla singenamsebenzi. Makhe ndikubonise indlela asebenza ngayo.
Jonga inkqubo yokugqibela. Singayilungisa ngolu hlobo:
def greet_user(first_name, last_name):
print(f'Hi {first_name} {last_name}')
print('Welcome aboard!')
print('start')
greet_user(first_name='Shahbaz', last_name='Bhatti')
print('finish')
Ngoku first_name
kwaye last_name
Ziiparamitha zegama elingundoqo. Unokutshintsha iindawo zabo kwaye umphumo uya kufana.
Ngoku loo nto ayithethi ukuba kufuneka sisoloko sisebenzisa iingxoxo zegama elingundoqo. Uninzi lwexesha sisebenzisa iingxoxo zezikhundla, kodwa kwiimeko ezithile, ezi ngxabano zegama elingundoqo zisinceda siphucule ukufundwa kwekhowudi yethu.
Kukho enye into ekufuneka uyazi malunga neengxoxo zegama elingundoqo. Iingxoxo zegama elingundoqo kufuneka zihlale ziza emva kweengxoxo zendawo.
Ingxelo yokuBuyisa
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku siye safunda ukwenza imisebenzi kwaye siyithumele ulwazi ngokusebenzisa iiparamitha zabo. Ngoku makhe sifunde ukwenza imisebenzi ebuyisela amaxabiso. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi ukuba wenza uhlobo oluthile lwezibalo kwaye ufuna ukubuyisela isiphumo kuye nabani na osebenzisa umsebenzi wakho. Makhe ndikubonise.
Masichaze umsebenzi oza kubala isikwere senani.
def square(number):
return number*number
Sisebenzise ingxelo yokubuyisela ukubuyisela le nombolo ngaphandle komsebenzi. Ngoku, ukuba sibiza lo msebenzi, ubuyisela ixabiso elifana ne input()
umsebenzi. Masiyiprinte kwitheminali.
Unokuxoxa ukuba umphumo ofanayo unokufumaneka ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ingxelo yokubuyisela. Masiyijonge.
Sibona izinto ezimbini, inani u-9, kwaye akukho nanye. Kwenzeka ntoni apha?
Xa itoliki yePython iphumeza le khowudi, okokuqala iyakubiza umsebenzi wesikweri kwaye ulawulo lushukumiseleka kumsebenzi. Apha sibala isikwere seli nani linikiweyo kwaye emva koko siliprinte kwi-terminal.
Ngoku, ngokungagqibekanga, yonke imisebenzi ibuyisela ixabiso akukho nanye. Ke ukuba asinayo ingxelo yokubuyisela apha, ngokungagqibekanga iPython ayibuyi nanye. Akukho nanye into emele ukungabikho kwexabiso. Kufana nantoni okanye i-null kwi-C, C ++, iJava kunye neJavascript.
Songa!
Ndiyathemba ukuba ukuqondile ukubaluleka kwemisebenzi.
Ziyinkalo ebalulekileyo yokufunda kwePython ukuba uceba ukubhala iinkqubo ezinkulu nezintsonkothileyo ngexesha lakho lokubhala iikhowudi.
Shiya iMpendulo