Xa izixhobo zombane ezifana neeselfowuni, iiwotshi, kunye nobunye ubuchwephesha obunxitywayo buphuculwa ngeemodeli ezitsha, ubuninzi benkunkuma buveliswa ngonyaka ngamnye.
Ukuba iinguqulelo ezindala bezinokuthi zihlaziywe ngeenzwa ezintsha kunye neeprosesa ezingena kwi-chip yangaphakathi yesixhobo, ukunciphisa inkunkuma ngokwemali kunye nezixhobo, oko bekuya kuba yinguquko. Cinga ngekamva elizinzileyo apho ii-smartphones, ii-smartwatches, kunye nobunye ubuchwephesha obunxitywayo zingahlali zitshintshwa ngeemodeli ezintsha okanye zibekwe eshelufini.
Endaweni yoko, banokuhlaziywa ngezona nzwa zintsha kunye neeprosesa ezithi kratya kwi-chip yangaphakathi yesixhobo, njengezitena ze-LEGO zongezwe kwisakhiwo esele sikhona. Iichips ezinjalo ezilungelelanisiweyo zinokugcina izixhobo zingoku ngelixa sinciphisa inkunkuma yethu yedijithali.
Ngoyilo lwabo olufana ne-LEGO lwe-stackable, enokwenziwa ngokwezifiso kukubhadla okungeyonyani chip, iinjineli ze-MIT ngoku zenze inyathelo malunga nombono wemodyuli.
Esi sithuba siza kujonga ngokucokisekileyo kule chip, ulungelelwaniso lwayo, kunye neziphumo zayo zekamva.
Ke, yintoni i-chip ye-LEGO efana neArtificial Intelligence?
Uphuhliso olulandelayo olukhulu oluya kuguqula iplanethi bubukrelekrele bokwenziwa. Ukuze kuveliswe imodyuli kunye ne-elektroniki ezinzileyo, iinjineli ze-MIT ngoku zenze i-chip ye-AI efana ne-LEGO.
Ukwenza inkqubo yokongeza izinzwa ezongezelelweyo okanye ukuphucula iiprosesa ezindala zibe lula, yitshiphu enokuphinda iqwalaselwe eneemaleko ezininzi ezinokubekwa phezu komnye okanye itshintshwe.
Ngokusekwe kwindibaniselwano yeeleya, iitshiphusi ze-AI "ezinokulungiswa kwakhona" zinokukwandiswa ngokungenasiphelo. Ke ngoko, ezi chips zinokucutha inkunkuma ye-elektroniki ngelixa sigcina izixhobo zethu zingoku.
Ngoku, makhe siphonononge uyilo lwale chip.
Uyilo lwetshiphu
Uyilo lwe-chip ye-AI lukhethekile ngokwenene kuba ludibanisa iileya ezitshintshanayo zokusetyenzwa kunye nezixhobo zenzwa kunye nee-LED (ii-diode ezikhupha ukukhanya), ezivumela ukuba iileya ze-chip zisebenze ngokubonakalayo.
Ulwakhiwo luquka ii-diode ezikhupha ukukhanya (i-LED) ezenza unxibelelwano lwamehlo lujikeleze i-chip kunye neeleya ezitshintshanayo zesivamvo kunye nezixhobo zokusetyenzwa. Iimpawu zihanjiswa kuwo wonke amanqanaba kusetyenziswa ucingo oluqhelekileyo kwezinye iimodyuli ze-chips architectures.
Uqhagamshelo olubanzi olunjalo lwenza ukuba iinkqubo zokupakisha ezilolo hlobo zingalungiseleli njengoko zinzima, ukuba akunakwenzeka, ukuzisika kunye nokuphinda kufakwe ucingo. Endaweni yeengcingo zangempela, i-MIT ingcamango idlulisela idatha nge-chip ngokusebenzisa ukukhanya.
Ngenxa yoko, i-chip inokulungiswa ngokutsha, kunye neengqimba ezinokuthi zongezwe okanye zikhutshwe, umzekelo, ukubandakanya iinzwa ezintsha okanye ii-CPU zanamhlanje. Inoveli yeenjineli ingqikelelo entsha idibanisa izivamvo zomfanekiso kunye ne-artificial synapse arrays, kwaye nganye kuzo ifundiswa ukuqaphela unobumba othile, kulo mzekelo, M, I, kunye no-T.
Iqela lakha inkqubo ye-optical kunokuba isebenzise indlela yendabuko yokudlulisa idatha ye-sensor kwinkqubo ngokusebenzisa iintambo zomzimba. Kule ndlela, i-sensor nganye kunye ne-synapses eyenziweyo idibanisa ukwenza uluhlu oluvumela unxibelelwano phakathi kweeleta ngaphandle kwesidingo sokudibanisa ngokomzimba.
Iimpawu phakathi kwamaleko zithunyelwa ngocingo oluqhelekileyo kulungiselelo lwetshiphu yemodyuli eqhelekileyo. Ezi chips ziqhelekileyo azinakuphinda ziqwalaselwe ngenxa yokuba ulungelelwaniso oluntsonkothileyo lweingcingo alunakwenzeka ukuba luqhawuke kwaye luphinde lucingo.
Abaphandi balindele ngomdla ukuphunyezwa koyilo lokuqhekeka komhlaba ukuqhubela phambili izixhobo zekhompyuter, ezinjengezinzwa ezizimeleyo kunye nezinye izinto zombane ezahlukeneyo, ezingasebenziyo kunye nomthombo ophakathi okanye osasazwe njengekhompyuter esekwe kwilifu okanye iikhompyuter ezinkulu.
Ulungelelwaniso lweChip
I-chip eyodwa yenziwa ngabaphandi, kwaye ingundoqo yayo yokubala yayimalunga nobukhulu beqhekeza le-confetti kwi-4 millimeters square.
I-chip ineentsingiselo ezintathu zomfanekiso "iibhloko" ezibekwe phezu komnye, nganye inesivamvo somfanekiso, i-optical communication layer, kunye ne-artificial synapses array yokuchonga omnye woonobumba abathathu uM, I, okanye T. Bona ke ibonise umfanekiso oveliswe ngokungakhethiyo weepikseli kwisixhobo kwaye yalinganisa umsinga wombane ngamnye inethiwekhi yomnatha uluhlu oluveliswe ngokwempendulo.
Njengoko unyuka ngoku, amathuba okuba umfanekiso ngunobumba othi uluhlu oluthile luqeqeshelwe ukubona ukwanda.
Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba ngelixa i-chip inokwahlula phakathi kwemifanekiso emdaka eyahlukileyo, enje phakathi konobumba I no-T, ibe nempumelelo encinci ekuhleleni imifanekiso ecacileyo yeleta nganye. Xa umaleko we-chip watshintshwa ngokukhawuleza ngeprosesa ephezulu "ye-denoising", abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba isixhobo siyayiqaphela ngokuchanekileyo imifanekiso.
Nangona kunjalo, bakhawuleza batshintsha umaleko wokusetyenzwa kwetshiphu ngeprosesa enobuchule, emva koko bavelisa ikliphu echonge imifanekiso ngokuchanekileyo.
Njengoko bekholelwa ukuba kukho izicelo ezingenakubalwa zezi zixhobo, abaphandi baceba ukunyusa amandla okucubungula iichips kunye nomthamo wenzwa.
Usetyenziso alunamda, abaphandi bakholelwa, kwaye bajonge ukwandisa imvakalelo ye-chip kunye nobuchule bokwenza.
Ikamva layo
Ngokubhekiselele kumsebenzi wexesha elizayo, abaphandi bavuyiswa ngokukodwa malunga nokwamkelwa okunokubakho kolu lwakhiwo ukuya khompyutha izixhobo ezifana nee-supercomputers okanye i-cloud-based computing, eya kuvula ihlabathi elitsha ngokupheleleyo lamathuba.
Njengoko i-intanethi yezinto ikhula, imfuno yezixhobo zekhompyuter esebenzayo iya kunyuka. Iqela liyakholelwa kuba linika kakhulu khompyutha ukuguquguquka, uyilo olucetyisiweyo lunokunceda kule nto.
In ukuze kubonwe imifanekiso entsonkothileyo ngakumbi okanye isetyenziswe elukhumbeni lwe-elektroniki olunxitywayo kunye nokubeka iliso kukhathalelo lwempilo, abaphandi bakwaceba ukunyusa imvakalelo ye-chip kunye nobuchule bokuqhuba.
Abaphandi bakufumanisa kunomdla ukuba abasebenzisi banokubeka i-chip kunye ngokwabo besebenzisa izinzwa ezahlukeneyo kunye neengqimba zokucubungula ezinokuthengiswa ngokwahlukeneyo.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zabo zomfanekiso okanye ukuchongwa kwevidiyo, umsebenzisi unokukhetha kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo amanethiwekhi.
isiphelo
Iqela likhetha i-edge computing njengenye yezinto ezininzi ezinokusetyenziswa. UJeehwan Kim, unjingalwazi onxulumene nobunjineli boomatshini eMIT, uqikelela ukuba imfuno yezixhobo zekhompuyutha ezisebenzayo ziya kunyuka kakhulu njengoko singena kwixesha le-intanethi yezinto ezisekwe kuthungelwano lwenzwa.
Kwixesha elizayo, "uyilo lwethu olucetyisiweyo lwehardware luya kuvumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwekhompyuter."
Ekugqibeleni, le chip itshintsha ikamva kwaye yamkela uluhlu olubanzi lwesicelo se-AI.
Shiya iMpendulo