Isiqulatho[Fihla][Bonisa]
Izikhongozeli ngoku zisetyenziswa kuninzi lweemeko zemveliso kuba ziyakhawuleza, ziyafikeleleka, ziphezulu kunoomatshini ababonakalayo, kwaye zinokuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza.
Ewe kunjalo, ukusebenza ngezikhongozeli ezili-10 ukuya kwezingama-20 kwenza izinto zibe lula, kodwa qwalasela imeko apho imveliso yeqela lakho leKubernetes iqulathe amakhulu ezikhongozeli.
Xa izikhongozeli ezininzi zisebenza ngaxeshanye, kuba nzima ukulawula ubomi besikhongozeli. Udinga iqonga leekhonteyina okanye isisombululo sokuphatha konke ukuthunyelwa kweekhonteyina ezizenzekelayo, ukukala, ukulungelelanisa, kunye nolawulo.
Kuba zozibini izisombululo zookhestra ziiprojekthi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, ukuthelekisa i-Kubernetes kunye ne-OpenShift akulunganga.
Ngokungafaniyo ne-OpenShift, eyinkonzo ye-Red Hat, i-Kubernetes linyathelo lomthombo ovulekileyo. Ezibini zezixhobo eziphezulu ze-orchestration kwimarike ngoku yi-Kubernetes kunye ne-Red Hat OpenShift.
Esi sithuba siya kuhamba ngezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nendlela eyahluke ngayo enye kwenye.
Phambi kokuba siqhubele phambili, masiqonde i-orchestration yesikhongozeli.
Ke, yintoni i-container orchestration?
Ulungelelwaniso oluzenzekelayo lwezikhongozeli lwenziwa lwenzeke ngesoftware ye-orchestration. Inokwakhiwa kwaye isetyenziswe kuyo nayiphi na indawo, ngoko ithathwa njengento ephathekayo.
Itekhnoloji yesikhongozeli idibanisa ikhowudi yesicelo, amathala eencwadi, kunye nenye idatha efunekayo ngokusebenzisa isiganeko esinye.
Ngenxa yokuba iqulethe eyona nto isisiseko- okanye ikhowudi ejolise kwinkqubo, kubhekiselwa kuyo “njengeyunithi enye” yenkqubo.
Usetyenziso ngoku lusebenza ngokufanelekileyo, nokuba lusetyenziswa kumphuhlisi we-ecosystem okanye kwindawo. I-Cluster container orchestration luhlobo oludumileyo lwetekhnoloji yesoftware, kwaye iKubernetes yenzelwe olu hlobo lobuchwephesha.
I-Containerization idala inkqubo esebenzayo efana neseva isebenzisa amaqela ee-nodes-nokuba ngoomatshini bokwenyani okanye obubonakalayo. Ngenxa yoko, kukho indawo enkulu, ukwahlukana kwesicelo, ukulungelelanisa umthwalo, kunye namazinga okuqhubela phambili angcono akhoyo.
Yintoni i Kubernetes?
Inkqubo eyenzelwe i-orchestration yesikhongozeli, i-Kubernetes ngumthombo ovulekileyo kwaye isimahla. UGoogle wayengumyili wokuqala wayo.
I-Cloud Native Computing Foundation, eyasekwa ukuqhubela phambili itekhnoloji yesikhongozeli, ngoku ibandakanya uKubernetes njengelungu.
Iqonga eliphathwayo lokuthwala elibizwa ngokuba yi-Kubernetes libonelela ngobutyebi bezakhono ezijongwe ukwenza ulawulo lweenkonzo kunye nomthwalo womsebenzi ube lula.
Ukusasazwa, uthungelwano, kunye nokwandiswa kwemisebenzi embalwa uKubernetes enezixhobo zokuzenzela.
I-Kubernetes isetyenziswa ngabaphuhlisi ukudibanisa ukusebenza kwimibhobho yabo yeCI/CD, njengokulinganisa umthwalo, inkqubo yokuzenzekelayo, kunye neqela lokugcina.
Kwiqela le-Kubernetes, i-master node kunye neendawo ezininzi zabasebenzi zisebenzisa uyilo lobukhoboka.
Indawo nganye yabasebenzi iya kuba namacandelo amaninzi asebenzayo angeyonto ngaphandle kwengqokelela yezikhongozeli ezidityaniswe njengeyunithi esebenzayo.
I-Kubernetes ichaza izixhobo ezinikezelweyo kwiseva ye-API yokuyilwa kwesicelo sokwenyani kusetyenziswa i-YAML.
Iimbonakalo
- Ingasetyenziswa ngaphandle kwentlawulo nakweliphi na iqonga kuba liyimithombo evulekileyo.
- Ungabuyisela umva kwaye ukhuphe ngokukhawuleza ukuphatha ixesha lokuphumla ngokuzenzekelayo.
- Ibonelela ngeempawu zokulinganisa umthwalo wokuhanjiswa kwetrafikhi yothungelwano.
- Inophuhliso olunamandla, olusebenzayo kunye noluntu lobunjineli, olunceda ekukhutshweni okuqhubekayo kwezinto ezintsha.
- Ixhasa iilwimi ezininzi zokucwangcisa kunye nezicwangciso, inika abaphuhlisi kunye nabalawuli inkululeko.
- Inedeshbhodi engagqibekanga ebonelela ngobutyebi bedatha ukuqonda yonke imiba yeqela.
- Inceda ekusebenziseni ngokufanelekileyo izibonelelo zeziseko zophuhliso kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zizonke.
- Ukuphehlelela usetyenziso, iKubernetes iyanyuka kwaye yongeza inkqubo oyikhethileyo yokugcina.
- NgeKubernetes, unokukala ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo izixhobo ngokuthe nkqo nangokuthe tye.
- Imigqomo engaphumeleliyo ngexesha lokuphunyezwa inokuqaliswa kwakhona ngokuzenzekelayo yi-Kubernetes, kwaye ezo zingaphenduliyo kwiisheke zezempilo ezichazwe ngumsebenzisi ziyabulawa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-node iyasilela, ithatha indawo yayo kwaye iphinde isasaze izikhongozeli ezingaphumelelanga kwezinye iindawo ezisebenzayo.
Yintoni i I-OpenShift?
I-Red Hat yenza ingqokelela ye-OpenShift yezixhobo zokufaka izixhobo. Docker kunye neKubernetes, iitekhnoloji ezimbini ezithandwa kakhulu zokuthwala, zisetyenziswa kwinxalenye yophuhliso lwe-OpenShift.
Xa isiza kwiqonga layo elisasaziweyo, iRed Hat ijonga i-OpenShift njengosasazo kunye neKubernetes njengondoqo weqonga.
Iqonga elakhiwe kwi-Kubernetes kwaye lenziwe lafumaneka efini libizwa ngokuba yi-OpenShift Container Platform. Ihlala ithathwa njengePlatifomu njengeNkonzo (i-PaaS) enikezela ngeenkonzo zokufaka izikhongozeli.
Ibonelela ngonikezelo lwenkonzo yokuzenzela, ulawulo lomgaqo-nkqubo oluphakathi, ukubeka iliso okwakhelwe ngaphakathi, kunye nokhuseleko olulelona nqanaba liphezulu kumashishini.
Ngomthwalo we-container ye-Kubernetes, i-OpenShift iyahambelana.
Ukongeza, ibonelela nge-OpenShift OKD (eyayisaziwa ngokuba yiMvelaphi), ekuvumela ukuba wakhe, usasaze, kwaye uvavanye usetyenziso olusekwe kwilifu.
Usetyenziso olubhalwe kwi-Node.js, Ruby, Python, Perl, kunye neJava zinokuphathwa yi-OpenShift. Iqonga livumela ukulinganisa okuzenzekelayo okanye okwenziwe ngesandla kweenkqubo ezinezikhongozeli.
I-OpenShift idibanisa inani leengqikelelo ze-virtualization njengomaleko wokuthatha. Umbono ophambili emva kwe-OpenShift kukubona.
I-OpenShift iyahambelana ne-Open Container Initiative (i-OCI) yokusingatha isikhongozeli kunye nexesha lokuqhuba kwaye inxibelelana ngokukhawuleza nobunye ubugcisa be-DevOps.
Iinkampani ezisebenzisa i-OpenShift zidinga iqonga elibanzi elinezikhokelo zokhuseleko ezingqongqo, ukusasazwa kwesicelo ngokukhawuleza, kunye nenkxaso ekhethekileyo.
Oku kwenza kube lukhetho olunomtsalane ngakumbi kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu okanye amashishini amancinci aswele abantu abakhethekileyo bokulawula, ukukhusela, kunye nokubeka iliso kwiiapps zabo.
Iimbonakalo
- Inokudala ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokukhawuleza kwaye iqalise usetyenziso.
- Ezinye izixhobo ezininzi ze-DevOps zinokudityaniswa ngokulula nayo.
- Kukhupho ngalunye, ihlola inani leeplagi zomntu wesithathu.
- Kulula ukuyisebenzisa nokuba kusekhaya okanye nangawuphi na umnikezeli wenkonzo yelifu.
- Ixhasa i-Open Container Initiative (OCI) yokusingatha kunye nokuqhuba izikhongozeli.
- Iqulethe izilungiso ezininzi zokusebenza, iziphene, kunye neenkxalabo zokhuseleko.
- IPrometheus kunye neGrafana ziyaxhaswa, ezinceda ngokubeka iliso kumaqela
- Inokwakha ngokukhawuleza kwaye inyanzelise imigaqo-nkqubo isebenzisa i-console edibeneyo kwi-Red Hat.
- Ulawulo lokufikelela, uthungelwano, kunye nobhaliso lweshishini elineskena esakhelwe ngaphakathi zizinto ezimbalwa ze-Red Hat OpenShift ezisisiseko zokhuseleko.
- Usetyenziso olusekwe kwi-Red Hat OpenShift lunokukhula luye kumawaka eemeko ngaphezulu kwamakhulu eendawo kwimizuzwana nje.
- Ngoncedo lwamaqela e-3-node, indawo enye ye-Red Hat OpenShift, kunye neendawo ezikude zabasebenzi, i-OpenShift ye-Red Hat iphucula inkxaso ye-topologies yeenyawo ezincinci kwiimeko zomda. Ezi topology zihambelana ngcono ubungakanani bomzimba weendawo ezahlukeneyo, uqhagamshelo, kunye neemfuno zokufumaneka.
Umahluko ongundoqo phakathi kweKubernetes kunye ne-OpenShift
I-OpenSource kunye neNtengiso
Owona mahluko uphambili phakathi kwe-Kubernetes kunye ne-OpenShift kukuba eyokuqala yiprojekthi yomthombo ovulekileyo, ngelixa le yokugqibela ingumnikelo wokwenza inzuzo. Ngenxa yoko, i-Kubernetes sisixhobo sokuzimela.
Abantu banxibelelana noluntu lwaseKubernetes, olubandakanya abaphuhlisi abaninzi, abalawuli, abayili bezakhiwo, njl.njl., ukusombulula nayiphi na imiba okanye iibugs kule teknoloji.
Xa usebenzisa le mveliso yobhaliso lwe-Red Hat kunye ne-OpenShift, unokhetho olubalaseleyo lwenkxaso ehlawulweyo yokusombulula ingxaki. I-Red Hat CloudForms inokusetyenziswa ngokubhaliselwa kwe-OpenShift ukulawula isiseko somzimba, esibonakalayo, kunye nelifu.
Amaxabiso eqonga anokubonwa Apha.
Umsebenzisi kunye namava
Ujongano lwewebhu oluntsonkothileyo lweKubernetes lunokuthi lubhide abaqalayo.
Abasebenzisi kufuneka bafake i-Kubernetes dashboard kwaye basebenzise i-Kube-proxy ukunxibelelana nezibuko lomatshini wabo kumncedisi weqela ukuze bajonge i-Kubernetes web graphical user interface (GUI).
Kuba ideshibhodi ingenalo iphepha lokungena, abasebenzisi kufuneka bongezelele ukuseka iithokheni zomthwali ukunika ubunyani kunye nogunyaziso.
Kwelinye icala, i-OpenShift ibonelela ngekhonsoli ye-intanethi esebenziseka lula ngephepha lokungena lokuchukumisa elinye. I-console ibonelela abasebenzisi nge-interface ekulula ukuyisebenzisa esekwe kwifom eyenza ukongezwa kwesixhobo, ukucima, kunye nokuguqulwa. Nge-OpenShift, abasebenzisi bayazuza ngokucacileyo.
Ujongano lweWebhu
Ufuna ujongano lwewebhu olufanelekileyo nolusebenzisekayo ukwenza yonke imisebenzi yolawulo lweqela. Kwaye i-OpenShift ibonelela ngoku. Umsebenzisi ngamnye ufuna nje ukugqiba inkqubo yokungena emfutshane ngaphambi kokuba iboniswe ngomfanekiso ocacileyo weqela lonke.
I-OpenShift evela kwi-Red Hat ibonelela nge-UI yewebhu ecacileyo eyenza ukuba iingcali ze-DevOps zenze lula imisebenzi ye-Kubernetes kunye namaqela asebenzayo ukuze abeke iliso kwisicelo.
Ulawulo lunikeza inani leenketho ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ngokuchofoza kuphela, kubandakanywa ukwakha, ukuhambisa, ukuhlaziywa, ukulinganisa, kunye nokuvezwa.
I-Kubernetes ibandakanya ideshibhodi elula enokukunceda kuphela ngemisebenzi esisiseko. Ngaphaya koko, xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iideshibhodi kwimarike, ideshibhodi ayisebenzisekanga kakhulu.
Ngenxa yoko, iingcali ze-DevOps zikhetha ukudibanisa i-Kubernetes dashboard esisiseko kunye nezixhobo ezizezinye zokujonga njenge Prometheus kwaye IGrafana.
Ukusabalala
Iqela liya kuba neekhompyuter ezininzi, nokuba zenziwe ngenyani okanye isinyithi esingenanto. Ukongezwa komatshini obonakalayo kwi-Kubernetes yinkqubo echitha ixesha. Ifuna abadwelisi benkqubo bayibhalele i-YAML izikripthi zayo.
Ukukala kulula usebenzisa i-OpenShift, ngokuchaseneyo. Ngoncedo lwabafakeli abakhoyo kunye nee-Ansible playbooks, i-OpenShift inokukhawuleza ukuseta oomatshini bokwenene kwiqela.
Ngapha koko, i-scalability kwi-OpenShift yinkqubo elula.
voco
Ekubeni akukho ndlela imiselweyo yokusebenzisa i-Kubernetes, inika inkululeko enkulu. Nayiphi na inkqubo yokusebenza enezithintelo ezongezelelweyo ingasetyenziselwa ukuqhuba iKubernetes.
Ngenxa yobume bawo obudala kunye nokungakwazi ukwanelisa iimfuno zemarike yanamhlanje, ulwakhiwo lwelifa lelifa yaba ngumqobo kumashishini amaninzi ukuba oyiswe.
Xa usebenzisana ne-OpenShift, ayizizo zonke iinkqubo zokusebenza ezixhaswayo. Kuphela i-FedoraOS, i-CentOS, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-Red Hat ehambelana ne-OpenShift.
ulawulo
Ekuqaleni, unokulawula iqela kwi-Kubernetes usebenzisa ideshibhodi engagqibekanga.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuthintelweyo kunye nojongano oluncinci lomsebenzisi, xa ubukhulu beqela bukhula, kuya kufuneka ungeze izixhobo ezinamandla ngakumbi njenge-Istio, Prometheus, kunye neGrafana ukulawula ngokulula iqela.
Ukulawula iqela, i-Red Hat OpenShift ibonelela ngedeshibhodi esebenziseka lula. I-portal yewebhu ye-OpenShift ikuvumela ukuba wenze imisebenzi ephucukileyo kwiqela lolawulo olungcono.
I-OpenShift ikwacebisa ukudibanisa iqela kwisitaki se-EFK kunye ne-Istio. Okokugqibela, iincwadi zokudlala ezifikelelekayo kunye nesifakeli kwi-OpenShift uncedo ngolawulo lweqela.
Ukuthunyelwa
Inyathelo elibalulekileyo le-DevOps lithumela isicelo kwimveliso, kwaye i-OpenShift yenza le nkqubo ngokuthe ngqo.
Inkqubo ye-CICD ikwenzela yonke into, ukusuka kuphuhliso ukuya ekuhanjisweni, ukuze ungabi naxhala malunga nokuqhuba inyathelo ngalinye ngesandla.
Uya kuziva usekhaya uqhuba umbhobho we-CICD wokusasazwa kwesicelo nge-OpenShift, nokuba ungumfundi opheleleyo. Ukusebenzisa i-OpenShift apps, sebenzisa umyalelo we-DeploymentConfig.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuphunyezwa kwe-Kubernetes kunzima kwaye kwenziwa rhoqo yingcali ngokukodwa.
Inqanaba ngalinye lombhobho wokusasazwa kwesicelo liya kufuna ukusetwa ngesandla. Ukuthunyelwa kwe-Kubernetes kusebenzisa izinto zokuthunyelwa, ezixhasa utshintsho oluninzi olufanayo.
ukhuseleko
Xa kuthelekiswa neKubernetes, i-OpenShift inemigaqo yokhuseleko eyomeleleyo. Umzekelo, ukuqhuba izikhongozeli njengengcambu akunakwenzeka nge-OpenShift.
Ukongeza, ithintela abasebenzisi ekusebenziseni imifanekiso emininzi esemthethweni kwiDockerHub. Kuya kufuneka uziqhelanise nemigaqo-nkqubo yokhuseleko ye-OpenShift ngaphambi kokuba uyisebenzise.
Nangona kunjalo, le mida yenza ukuqinisekiswa kwe-OpenShift kunye nogunyaziso luxhomekeke ngakumbi kune-Kubernetes.
Ngelixa uphantsi kwe-Kubernetes, kuya kuba nzima ukwakha isazisi esifanelekileyo kunye nemvume yemvume.
Ukuba izixhobo zokuskena zesikhongozeli azifakwanga kwiqela, ngokungafaniyo ne-OpenShift, amaqela e-Kubernetes angabandakanya inani elikhulu lemifanekiso ye-Docker engakhuselekanga.
I-teknoloji ye-Role-based access control (RBAC) ifumaneka kwi-Kubernetes, nangona kunjalo, ayanelanga kwizinga eliphezulu lokhuseleko olufunekayo kwizicelo zokuvelisa.
Ke ngoko, i-Kubernetes kusafuneka yenze inkqubela phambili eninzi yokhuseleko xa kuthelekiswa ne-OpenShift.
isiphelo
Yonke loo nto yayimalunga nomahluko phakathi kweKubernetes kunye ne-OpenShift. Kwicandelo le-IT, zombini iiplatifti ze-orchestration zekhonteyina ziyimfuneko. Ke ngoko, unokukhetha iqonga lomculo wekhonteyina elilungele inkampani yakho ngokusekwe kwiimfuno zakho.
Ukuba iiprojekthi zakho zifuna ukuguquguquka, kuya kufuneka usebenzise iKubernetes.
Nangona kunjalo, i-OpenShift lukhetho oluphezulu ukuba unokunamathela kwisicwangciso esimiselwe kwangaphambili kwaye ufuna ukusebenzisa iqonga le-orchestration yesikhongozeli ekulula ukuyihambisa kunye nokulawula.
Kwaye ukuba ubusebenza kwindawo ye-DevOps okwethutyana, unokufuna ukunika uKubernetes ukudubula.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ungumfundi oqalayo, hamba nge-OpenShift kuba iya kwenza izinto ezininzi zibe lula kuwe.
Umnqwazi obomvu i-OpenShift kunye ne-Kubernetes ngoku lukhetho lwakho, ke khetha ngobulumko.
Shiya iMpendulo