Isiqulatho[Fihla][Bonisa]
- 1. Uyichaza njani i-Array?
- 2. Ii-Arrays ezinamandla: Ziyintoni? Yintoni ebahlulayo kwi-Basic Arrays?
- 3. Ingaba uluhlu kunye nesichazi-magama zahluka njani kwenye?
- 4. Dwelisa ezinye zeenzuzo kunye nezithintelo zoluhlu.
- 5. Ibhekisela entwenini i-“Sparse Array”?
- 6. Ungalukhetha nini uluhlu oludityanisiweyo ngaphezu koluhlu?
- 7. Yintoni eyahlula uluhlu lwezalathiso kwi-associative array?
- 8. Zeziphi iingenelo enazo i-Heap ngaphezu koluhlu oluhleliweyo?
- 9. Ingaba singachaza ubungakanani bereyiti ibenegetive?
- 10. Ulifumana njani inani elipheleleyo elilahlekileyo kuluhlu lwezinto ezi-1 ukuya kwi-100?
- 11. Usifumana njani isalathiso sento kuluhlu?
- 12. Ungayisusa njani into ethile kuluhlu?
- 13. Ukulingana kweentlobo ezimbini kunokuqinisekiswa njani?
- 14. Xa sixubusha ngoluhlu, uthetha ukuthini ngamabinzana athi “Dimension” nelithi “Subscript”?
- Ikhowudi yodliwano-ndlebe lwemibuzo
- 15. Khangela isibini kuluhlu olunesixa esixeliweyo
- 16. Uluhlu lwe-binary uluhlu kunye nexesha lomda
- 17. Fumana eyona mveliso inkulu ye-int-int kuluhlu.
- 18. Ukutshintsha njani onke amaqanda oluhlu ukuya esiphelweni
- 19. Uhlelwa njani uluhlu olunamangeno amabini atshintshelwa kumsebenzi omnye.
- 20. Indlela yokudibanisa ii-arrays ezimbini ezihleliweyo kwindawo.
- 21. Indlela yokucwangcisa ngokutsha uluhlu lwezinto ngokutshintshana kwiindawo eziphezulu nezisezantsi?
- 22. Indlela yokutshintsha into nganye yoluhlu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umsebenzi wokwahlula ngemveliso yelungu ngalinye kuluhlu?
- 23. Fumana eyona elementi ingaqhelekanga kuluhlu lwexesha lelogarithmic
- 24. Ungalifumana njani i-elementi enkulu elandelayo kwi-elementi nganye kuluhlu olusetyhula?
- 25. Fumana inani loguqulo loluhlu?
- 26. Yintoni Ingxaki Yokubambisa Amanzi Emvula?
- isiphelo
Udliwano-ndlebe lwekhowudi luqulethe uluhlu lwemibuzo ye-DSA. Kuya kufuneka ube nezakhono zoluhlu ukuba ulungiselela udliwanondlebe lwakho oluzayo lwetekhnoloji kunye neFAANG okanye elinye ishishini letekhnoloji yeTier-1.
Kudliwano-ndlebe oluninzi lwekhowudi, luza kwindawo yesibini kwiiStrings. Uluhlu liqela lezinto eziyeleleneyo zedatha ezigcinwe kufutshane enye kwenye kwinkumbulo.
Njengoko ziqhagamshelwe kuzo zonke iilwimi zeprogram, ezifana neC, C ++, Java, Python, Perl, kunye neRuby, zikhona kuyo yonke indawo. Qhubeka ufunda eminye imingeni yokuziqhelanisa nekhowudi kunye nemibuzo yodliwano-ndlebe kunye neempendulo ezisekelwe kuluhlu.
I-Python iya kusetyenziswa kwesi sithuba ukujongana nemiba yekhowudi kuba kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ukuyiqonda, kwaye kufuneka iqheleke kuninzi lwethu.
Masiqale.
1. Uyichaza njani i-Array?
- Iqela leentlobo zedatha ehambelanayo luluhlu.
- Uluhlu luhlala lulungisiwe.
- Uhlobo olufanayo loguqulo lugcinwa kwiindawo ezininzi ngezinto ezinoluhlu.
- Iintlobo zamandulo kunye neembekiselo zezinto zombini ziyahambelana nayo.
2. Ii-Arrays ezinamandla: Ziyintoni? Yintoni ebahlulayo kwi-Basic Arrays?
Ukukala okuzenzekelayo oku kuluhlu oluguquguqukayo (ekwabizwa ngokuba luluhlu olukhulekayo, uluhlu olunokwandiswa, olutshintshekayo, okanye uluhlu lweArray kwiJava) luboneleleyo lulutho olubalulekileyo.
Kuya kufuneka uhlale usazi ukuba zingaphi izinto uluhlu lwakho oluya kuzigcina kwangaphambili kuba uluhlu lunobungakanani obumiselweyo. Uluhlu oluguquguqukayo, kwelinye icala, lukhula njengoko usongeza amalungu ongezelelweyo kuyo, ngoko awudingi ukwazi ubungakanani bayo kwangaphambili.
3. Ingaba uluhlu kunye nesichazi-magama zahluka njani kwenye?
Olu luluhlu olusekelwe kwisiseko semibuzo yodliwano-ndlebe ebuzwa rhoqo. Oku kulandelayo ngowona mahluko uphambili phakathi koluhlu kunye nezichazi-magama:
- Uluhlu luluhlu olucwangcisiweyo lwezinto ezifanayo. Isichazi-magama, kwelinye icala, sineeperi ezingundoqo zexabiso.
- Ubungakanani be-array bunokutshintsha ngokuguquguqukayo. Iingcamango ezinamandla ngolo hlobo azikho kwizichazi-magama.
- Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa uluhlu, ubungakanani bayo kufuneka bucaciswe. Ubungakanani besichazi-magama akufuneki bulungiswe.
- Sebenzisa ingxelo yeRedim ukuba unqwenela ukwandisa ubungakanani boluhlu. Kwizichazi-magama, into enokongezwa ngaphandle kwesibhengezo.
4. Dwelisa ezinye zeenzuzo kunye nezithintelo zoluhlu.
eziluncedo:
- Uluhlu lungahlela inani lezinto ngaxeshanye.
- omnye izakhiwo zedatha, njengokufana nezitaki, imigca, izintlu eziqhagamshelweyo, imithi, iigrafu, njl. njl., inokuphunyezwa ngokulandelelana.
- Isalathiso sinokusetyenziswa ukufikelela kwindawo yoluhlu.
Ilishwa:
- Ubungakanani boluhlu kufuneka buchazwe kwangaphambili. Ngomzuzu wokuchazwa kwe-array, sisenokungakwazi, nangona kunjalo, ukuba siqaphele ubungakanani esibufunayo.
- Ubume boluhlu lumile. Kuthetha ukuba ubungakanani boluhlu luhlala lulungisiwe kwaye ulwabiwo lwememori alunakunyuswa okanye luncitshiswe.
5. Ibhekisela entwenini i-“Sparse Array”?
Uluhlu oluphangaleleyo luluhlu lwedatha olunongeniso oluninzi olunamaxabiso anoziro. Ngokwahlukileyo, uluhlu olushinyeneyo luqulathe uninzi lwezinto zalo ezinamaxabiso angengo-zero. Iindices ze-sarse array, eziguqula amanani kwizinto, zingabandakanya izithuba. Xa kuthelekiswa neHashMap, zisebenza kakuhle kwinkumbulo.
6. Ungalukhetha nini uluhlu oludityanisiweyo ngaphezu koluhlu?
Xa usebenzisa uludwe oludityanisiweyo endaweni yoluhlu, qwalasela:
- Awudingi naziphi na izinto ukuze ube nofikelelo olungenamkhethe.
- Apho uqikelelo lwexeshana luyimfuneko, kufuneka ufakelwe rhoqo kwaye ususwe kuluhlu.
- Ukuze wenze umgca obalulekileyo, unokufuna ukubeka izinto embindini woluhlu.
- Awunalwazi lokuba uluhlu luya kuba lude kangakanani. Ukuba ubungakanani boluhlu luyenyuka, kufuneka uchaze kwakhona kwaye uphindaphinde inkumbulo, kanye njengezixhobo ezilula.
7. Yintoni eyahlula uluhlu lwezalathiso kwi-associative array?
Ulwahlulo oluphambili phakathi kwe-associative kunye ne-indexed arrays zidweliswe kule theyibhile ilandelayo.
- I-key-value peri kumbhalo okanye ifomathi yamanani isetyenziselwa ukuhlela uluhlu oluhlangeneyo. Izitshixo zoluhlu lwesalathiso zinamanani onke, kwaye isitshixo ngasinye sidityaniswe kwixabiso elahlukileyo.
- Kwi-associative array, isitshixo sinokuba ngumtya. Uluhlu olunesalathisi esinamaqhosha apheleleyo aqala ku-0.
- Itheyibhile enekholamu ezimbini ilinganisa indlela yokuziphatha ye-associative array. Ngokufana netheyibhile yomqolo omnye zidweliswe ngokwesalathisi.
- Iimephu luhlobo oludibanisayo. Uluhlu lwesalathiso asiyomephu.
8. Zeziphi iingenelo enazo i-Heap ngaphezu koluhlu oluhleliweyo?
Ixesha elisebenzayo lokusebenzisa i-Heap ngaphezulu kwe-Arrays ehleliweyo yeyona nzuzo iphambili. Ngelixa imisebenzi yemfumba ikhawuleza, ukuhlela uluhlu kufuna ixesha elininzi. Imfumba inokufumanisa eyona nto incinci ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kunokuba uluhlu lunokuhlelwa.
Ingqokelela yamanani enikiweyo inokucwangciswa ngenye yeendlela ezimbini kusetyenziswa i-Sorted Arrays. Kwelinye icala, kwingqokelela yamanani enikiweyo, kunokubakho imfumba enokubakho ngaphezu kwesinye.
9. Ingaba singachaza ubungakanani bereyiti ibenegetive?
Hayi, asinakuchaza i-negative integer ibe ngubungakanani boluhlu. Akusayi kubakho mpazamo yexesha lokuqokelela ukuba siyabhengeza. Ngexesha lokubaleka, nangona kunjalo, siya kudibana ne-NegativeArraySizeException.
10. Ulifumana njani inani elipheleleyo elilahlekileyo kuluhlu lwezinto ezi-1 ukuya kwi-100?
Itotali yoluhlu inokubalwa ngokusebenzisa lo msebenzi ulandelayo: n (n + 1) / 2
Kuphela ukuba uluhlu lungenazo naziphi na iimpinda okanye zinenani elipheleleyo elilahlekileyo uya kusebenza lo msebenzi. Nokuba uluhlu lunezinto eziphindiweyo, ungahlela uluhlu ukubona ukuba kukho naziphi na izinto ezilinganayo.
11. Usifumana njani isalathiso sento kuluhlu?
Isalathiso sento sinokufunyanwa ngophendlo lwelayini okanye lokubini. Ide ifumane umdlalo wesiqalelo esifunekayo, umsebenzi wokukhangela womgca ujikeza phezu kwento nganye kuluhlu. Ibuyisela isalathiso xa sifumana indawo ehambelanayo. Ngoko ke, ukuntsonkotha kwexesha lokukhangela kwelayini ngu-O. (n). Zombini uluhlu oluhleliweyo kunye noluhlu olungalungiswanga lunokusebenzisa uphendlo lomgca.
Usebenzisa uphendlo lokubini, oluthi gqolo ukwahlula uluhlu kwisiqingatha de umdibaniso wokuphumla uthelekise into efunekayo kwaye unikeze isalathiso, ungafumana isalathiso sesiqalelo ukuba uluhlu luhleliwe. Ngenxa yoko, ukuntsonkotha kwexesha lokukhangela kokubini yi O. (log n).
12. Ungayisusa njani into ethile kuluhlu?
Kuba awukwazi ukucima izinto ezisuka kuluhlu lwentsusa kuba ziseti ezinzileyo ezinobungakanani obuchaziweyo, udliwano-ndlebe ufuna ukuba ucebise indlela eyahlukileyo kwaye ujongane nengxaki ephakanyiswa ngumbuzo. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwenza kukwenza uluhlu olutsha ukuze ucime into. Ungaphinda izinto ukusuka kuluhlu lokuqala kolu luhlu kwaye ubandakanye kuphela into onqwenela ukuyicima.
Esinye isicwangciso-qhinga siquka ukufumana into ekujoliswe kuyo kuluhlu kunye nokubuyisela umva ulandelelwano lwazo zonke izinto ezisekunene kwinto ekujoliswe kuyo.
13. Ukulingana kweentlobo ezimbini kunokuqinisekiswa njani?
Kuya kufuneka uqale uqinisekise ubude bezintlu ezimbini ezinikiweyo. Izinto ezihambelanayo zazo zombini ii-arrays zithelekiswa xa ubude bazo bulingana. Ezi zintlu ezimbini ziya kuthathwa njengezilinganayo. ukuba iperi nganye yamacandelo kuyo yonke imbalelwano iyalingana. Le ndlela ayicetyiswa ukuba ijonge ukulingana kweempawu ezimbini ukuba uluhlu likhulu ngobukhulu kuba luya kuthatha ixesha elininzi. Usenokusebenzisa indlela elinganayo () ebandakanyiweyo kwiklasi yeArrays, nangona kunjalo, ukuba udliwano-ndlebe ukucela ukuba uthelekise iindidi ezimbini ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iindlela ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, le ndlela iya kuba luncedo.
14. Xa sixubusha ngoluhlu, uthetha ukuthini ngamabinzana athi “Dimension” nelithi “Subscript”?
"I-Dimension" yoluhlu linani lezalathisi, okanye imirhumo, efunekayo ukuchonga ilungu ngalinye. Imirhumo kunye nemilinganiselo inokungacaci. Umlinganiselo yinkcazelo yoluhlu lwamaqhosha avunyelweyo, ngelixa ushicilelo olusezantsi linani. Kukho umrhumo omnye ofunekayo kuluhlu ngalunye lwedimension.
Umzekelo, uluhlu lwe-arr[10][5] lunemilinganiselo emibini. Ubukhulu be-10 kwenye kunye no-5 kwenye. Ukujongana nezixhobo zayo, ufuna iirejista ezimbini. Zombini ziphakathi kwe-0 kunye ne-4; enye phakathi kwe-0 kunye ne-9, iquka.
Ikhowudi yodliwano-ndlebe lwemibuzo
15. Khangela isibini kuluhlu olunesixa esixeliweyo
Umzekelo,
Ukufaka:
- amanani = [8, 7, 2, 5, 3, 1]
- Ujoliso = 10
Isiphumo:
- Isibini sifunyenwe (8, 2)
- Or
- Isibini sifunyenwe (7, 3)
Ukufaka:
- amanani = [5, 2, 6, 8, 1, 9]
- Ujoliso = 12
Isiphumo:
- Izibini azifunyenwanga
16. Uluhlu lwe-binary uluhlu kunye nexesha lomda
Hlela uluhlu lwebinary ngexesha lomgca nakwindawo esisigxina. Isiphumo kufuneka sibonise bonke ooziro kuqala, emva koko bonke.
Umzekelo,
- Igalelo: {1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1}
- Imveliso: {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1}
Indlela ethe ngqo inokuba kukubala inani elipheleleyo loluhlu luka-0s, yithi k, kwaye ke ugcwalise izalathiso zika-k zokuqala kuluhlu ngo-0 kunye nezalathi eziseleyo ngo-1. Njengenye indlela, singabala ukuba zingaphi ii-1s zizonke uluhlu k, gcwalisa izalathi k zokugqibela kuluhlu ngo-1, kwaye ushiye ezinye izalathisi zizaliswe ngo-0.
Indlela enikiweyo ine-O(n) ukuntsokotha kwexesha kwaye ayisebenzisi ugcino olongezelelweyo, apho u-n bubukhulu begalelo.
17. Fumana eyona mveliso inkulu ye-int-int kuluhlu.
Fumana eyona mveliso inkulu yamanani amabini kuluhlu olupheleleyo.
Cinga ngoluhlu 10 3 5 6 2 njengomzekelo. Isibini (-10, -3) okanye (5, 6) yeyona mveliso iphezulu.
Ukucinga ngayo yonke indibaniselwano yezinto kwaye ufumanise imveliso yabo yindlela yobudenge. Ukuba imveliso yeperi yangoku inkulu kuneyona mveliso iphezulu efunyenweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, hlaziya eyona mveliso iphezulu. Shicilela amacandelo emveliso yokugqibela.
Isisombululo esingentla, apho u-n sisixa segalelo, sinexesha elinzima lika-O(n2) kwaye alithathi ndawo.
18. Ukutshintsha njani onke amaqanda oluhlu ukuya esiphelweni
Shenxisa bonke ooziro ngokwenani elipheleleyo ukuya esiphelweni. Impendulo kufuneka igweme ukusebenzisa isithuba esingaguqukiyo kwaye igcine ulandelelwano oluhambelanayo lwamacandelo e-array.
Igalelo: {1,2,3,0,8,0,4,7}
Imveliso iya kuba {1,2,3,8,4,7,0,0}
Beka isiqalelo kwindawo elandelayo ekhoyo kuluhlu ukuba into yangoku ayingoziro. Gcwalisa zonke izalathisi ngo-0 emva kokuba izinto zoluhlu zigqityiwe.
Isisombululo esandulelayo sine-O(n) ukuntsokotha kwexesha, apho u-n bubungakanani begalelo.
19. Uhlelwa njani uluhlu olunamangeno amabini atshintshelwa kumsebenzi omnye.
Hlela uluhlu kwixesha elimiselweyo elinikwe izinto ezimbini ezitshintshiweyo kunye noluhlu olunazo zonke iziqalelo zalo ezicwangciswe ngokunyuka kolandelelwano. Yenza ngathi uluhlu alunampinda.
Igalelo:= [1,9,3,4,7,2] okanye [9,3,7,2,1,4] okanye [2,4,1,7,3,9]
Imveliso: = [1,2,3,4,7,9]
Ukuqala ngesiqalelo sesibini kuluhlu, injongo kukuthelekisa into nganye neyandulelayo. Indawo yengxabano igcinwa ngokuthatha izikhombisi ezibini, x, kunye no-y.
Hlaziya x kwisalathiso sesiqalelo sangaphambili kunye no y kwisalathiso sesiqalelo sangoku ukuba eyokuqala inkulu kuneyamva. Hlaziya y kwisalathiso sesiqalelo sangoku ukuba kuvele ukuba into yangaphambili inkulu kunento yangoku.
Okokugqibela, tshintshela izakhi kwizalathiso x kunye no-y xa sele sigqibile ukuqhubekekisa isibini esimeleneyo sezinto.
Ngenxa yokuba le ndlela ikhankanywe ngasentla yenza kuphela iskena esinye soluhlu lwegalelo lobungakanani n, ixesha layo elintsonkothileyo ngu-O(n). Akukho gumbi elongezelelweyo elifunekayo kwisisombululo.
20. Indlela yokudibanisa ii-arrays ezimbini ezihleliweyo kwindawo.
Dibanisa izinto zoluhlu X[] kunye no Y[]—iirayikhi ezimbini ezihleliweyo zobungakanani m kwaye n nganye-ngokugcina ulungelelwaniso olucwangcisiweyo, oko kukuthi, ngokugcwalisa u-X[] ngezona ziqalelo zincinci zokuqala kwaye ugcwalise u-Y[] nge izinto eziseleyo.
Ukuba into kuluhlu X[] sele ikwindawo elungileyo (oko kukuthi, eyona incinane phakathi kweziqalelo ezishiyekileyo), yingahoywa; kungenjalo, yibuyisele ngeyona element incinci, eyenzeka kwakhona ukuba lilungu lokuqala lika Y[]. Ukugcina ulungelelwaniso oluhleliweyo emva kokutshintshwa, tshintshela into (ngoku eku-Y[0]) kwindawo yayo eyiyo ku-Y[].
Ubungakanani boluhlu lokuqala ngu-m kwaye ubungakanani boluhlu lwesibini ngu-n, kwaye ixesha elintsonkothileyo ngu-O(mn).
21. Indlela yokucwangcisa ngokutsha uluhlu lwezinto ngokutshintshana kwiindawo eziphezulu nezisezantsi?
Lungisa ngokutsha uluhlu olupheleleyo ukuze ilungu ngalinye elilandelayo libe likhulu kuneziqalelo zangaphambili nezilandelayo. Cinga ukuba uluhlu alubandakanyi naziphi na izinto eziphindiweyo.
Ukuhlela uluhlu okanye ukusebenzisa indawo eyongezelelweyo akuyomfuneko kwindlela esebenzayo. Isicwangciso, ukuqala, lilungu lesibini loluhlu kwaye unyuke ngamabini kwi-loop iteration nganye.
Tshintsha amalungu ukuba isiqalelo sokugqibela sidlula esokuqala. Ngendlela efanayo, tshintsha zombini izinto ukuba into elandelayo inkulu kunento yangoku. Siza kufumana uluhlu olufunekayo oluhambelana nezithintelo ezichaziweyo ekuqukunjelweni kwe-loop.
22. Indlela yokutshintsha into nganye yoluhlu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umsebenzi wokwahlula ngemveliso yelungu ngalinye kuluhlu?
Ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umsebenzisi wolwahlulo, buyisela isiqalelo ngasinye kwinani elipheleleyo kunye nemveliso yazo zonke ezinye izinto.
Ngexesha lomgca kunye nendawo engaguqukiyo, sinokusebenzisa ukuphindaphinda ukulungisa lo mba. Uphindaphinda ukubala iimveliso zesiqalelo ngasinye kuluhlu lwasekunene kwaye ugqithise imveliso yasekhohlo njengeparameters yokusebenza ngumbono.
Ubunzima bexesha ngu-O(n).
23. Fumana eyona elementi ingaqhelekanga kuluhlu lwexesha lelogarithmic
Ukunika uluhlu olupheleleyo apho onke amalungu kodwa elinye libe namanani ezenzeko, ingxaki kukumisela ukuba le element inye ivela kangaphi. Fumana into engaqhelekanga eyenzekayo kwixesha lelogarithmic kunye nesithuba esingaguqukiyo ukuba izinto ezifanayo zenzeka ngazibini kuluhlu kwaye akunakuze kubekho imizekelo engaphezu kwemibini yesiqalelo esinikiweyo kumqolo.
Umsebenzi we-XOR usenza sikwazi ukusombulula lo mba ngexesha lomgca. Injongo ku XOR yonke into kuluhlu. Kuphela kushiyeka izinto ezingaqhelekanga emva kokuba izinto ezenzekayo zirhoxisa enye kwenye.
Le ngxaki ingasombululwa kwi-O(log(n)) ixesha.
24. Ungalifumana njani i-elementi enkulu elandelayo kwi-elementi nganye kuluhlu olusetyhula?
Into enkulu elandelayo yesiqalelo ngasinye kuluhlu olupheleleyo lwesetyhula kufuneka ibekwe. Inani elipheleleyo lokuqala elikhulu emva kwesiqalelo esingu-x kuluhlu sisiqalelo esikhulu esilandelayo saloo elementi.
Ukusuka ekunene ukuya ekhohlo, sinokusebenzisa uluhlu lwezinto. Injongo kukudibanisa into nganye x de ibe isitaki singenanto okanye sinento ephezulu ngaphezulu kwayo. Cwangcisa isiqalelo esikhulu esilandelayo sika x ukuba sivele phezu kwesipaki xa sisenza.
25. Fumana inani loguqulo loluhlu?
Fumana inani elipheleleyo loguqulo loluhlu. Isibini esingu-I j) sibhekiselwa ekubeni luguqulelo loluhlu A ukuba mna j) kunye (A[i] > A[j]). Kufuneka sibale iperi nganye kwezi kuluhlu.
Ukubala onke amalungu aliqela angaphantsi kwawo ngasekunene kwawo kwaye ukongeza isiphumo kwisiphumo yindlela ethe ngqo.
Esi sisombululo sine-O(n2) ubunzima, apho u-n bubukhulu begalelo.
26. Yintoni Ingxaki Yokubambisa Amanzi Emvula?
Ukufumana awona manzi amaninzi anokuthi avaleleke kwiseti enikiweyo yemivalo enobubanzi beyunithi nganye eyaziwa ngokuba ngumba “wokubambisa imvula”.
Injongo kukumisela eyona bar iphezulu enokuthi ibekwe ekhohlo nasekunene kwibar nganye. Ubuncinci bemivalo ehamba phambili ukuya ngakwesobunxele nangakwesokudla, ngaphantsi kokuphakama kwebha yangoku, ubuninzi bamanzi agcinwe phezu kwebar nganye.
isiphelo
Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izihloko zesakhiwo sedatha, ii-arrays zilula. Ukuze ufumane imibuzo yodliwano-ndlebe, kufuneka ube nokuqonda okusisiseko kwee-arrays.
Kuya kufuneka uphonononge ngokubanzi iziseko zoluhlu, kubandakanywa imisebenzi yoluhlu (ukusuka ekubhengezeni / ekudaleni uluhlu ukuya ekufikeleleni / ukuguqula izinto zoluhlu), kunye neengcamango zeprogram ezifana ne-loops, i-recursion, kunye nabaqhubi abasisiseko ukuze uphendule ngempumelelo imibuzo yodliwano-ndlebe. Wazi umba ngokupheleleyo.
Kuya kufuneka ufune ingcaciso ukuba unayo nayiphi na imibuzo. Cinga ngokwahlula umba ube ngamacandelo alawulekayo. Qinisekisa ukuba unayo i-algorithm engqondweni phambi kokuba uqalise inkqubo; yibhale phantsi okanye ube nombono wakho kwiflowutshati. emva koko uqalise ukubhala ikhowudi.
Shiya iMpendulo