Uninzi lokufunda koomatshini kunye neemodeli zokufunda nzulu zixhomekeke kakhulu kwisixa sedatha kunye nokwahluka ukuze kusebenze kakuhle. Umthamo kunye nokwahluka kwedatha enikezelweyo ngexesha loqeqesho kunempembelelo enkulu ekuchanekeni kokuchaneka kwezi modeli.
Iimodeli zokufunda nzulu ezifundiswe ukwenza ngempumelelo kwimisebenzi entsonkothileyo zihlala zibandakanya iineurons ezifihlakeleyo. Inani leeparameters eziqeqeshelwayo landa ngokwenani lee-neurons ezifihliweyo.
Isixa sedatha efunekayo silingana nenani lemodeli yeeparamitha ezifundekayo. Enye indlela yokujongana nobunzima bedatha encinci kukusebenzisa iinguqu ezahlukeneyo kwidatha yangoku ukudibanisa idatha entsha.
Ubuchwephesha bokudibanisa idatha entsha kwidatha ekhoyo kubhekiselwa kubo 'njengoLwandiso lweDatha.' Ukwandiswa kwedatha kungasetyenziselwa ukuzalisekisa zombini iimfuno: umthamo wedatha kunye neentlobo zedatha yoqeqesho efunekayo ukuphuhlisa ngokuchanekileyo. ukufunda koomatshini okanye iimodeli zokufunda nzulu.
Kule post, siza kujonga ngokusondeleyo ekwandiseni idatha, iintlobo zayo, kutheni ibalulekile, kunye nokunye okuninzi.
Ke, yintoni uLwandiso lweDatha?
Ukwandiswa kweDatha yinkqubo yokuphuhlisa idatha entsha kunye nommeli kwidatha ekhoyo. Ungakwenza oku ngokubandakanya iinguqulelo ezilungisiweyo zedatha ekhoyo okanye uhlanganise idatha entsha.
Iiseti zedatha eziveliswe yile ndlela ziya kuphucula ukufundwa koomatshini okanye iimodeli zokufunda nzulu ngokunciphisa umngcipheko wokugqithisa kakhulu. Yinkqubo yokutshintsha, okanye "ukwandisa," isethi yedatha enolwazi olongezelelweyo.
Eli galelo longezelelayo linokuqala ukusuka kwimifanekiso ukuya kwisicatshulwa, kwaye linyusa ukusebenza kweenkqubo zokufunda koomatshini.
Cinga ukuba sifuna ukwakha imodeli yokwahlula iindidi zeenja kwaye sinenani elikhulu leefoto zazo zonke iindidi ngaphandle kweepugs. Ngenxa yoko, imodeli iya kuba nobunzima bokuhlela iipugs.
Singongeza ezongezelelweyo (ezenyani okanye ezingeyonyani) iifoto zepug kwingqokelela, okanye sinokuphinda kabini iifoto zethu zangoku zepug (umz. ngokuziphindaphinda nokuzigqwetha ukuze zizenze zodwa).
Ingaba ulwandiso lwedatha lusebenza ngantoni ngoku?
Izicelo yokufunda umatshini zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye ziyahlukahlukana, ngakumbi kwinkalo yokufunda nzulu. Imingeni elijongene nayo ishishini lobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunokoyiswa ngobuchule bokwandisa idatha.
Ukwandiswa kwedatha kunokuphucula ukusebenza kunye neziphumo zemodeli yokufunda koomatshini ngokongeza imizekelo emitsha neyahlukileyo kwiiseti zedatha yoqeqesho.
Xa i-dataset inkulu kwaye yanele, imodeli yokufunda yomatshini yenza ngcono kwaye ichaneke ngakumbi. Kwimifuziselo yokufunda koomatshini, ukuqokelela idatha kunye nokuleyibheli kunokutya ixesha kwaye kuyabiza.
Iinkampani zinokunciphisa iindleko zabo zokusebenza ngokuguqula iiseti zedatha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezicwangciso zokwandisa idatha.
Ukucoca idatha enye yezigaba ekuphuhliseni imodeli yedatha, kwaye ibalulekile kwiimodeli ezichanekileyo eziphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, imodeli ayizukwazi ukuqikelela amagalelo afanelekileyo avela kwihlabathi lokwenyani ukuba ukucocwa kwedatha kunciphisa ukumelwa.
Iimodeli zokufunda ngoomatshini zinokomelezwa ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokwandisa idatha, ezivelisa iiyantlukwano ezinokuthi imodeli ihlangabezane nazo kwihlabathi langempela.
Iindidi zoKwandiswa kweDatha
Ukwandiswa kwedatha yokwenyani
Ukwandiswa kwedatha yokwenyani kwenzeka xa usongeza idatha yokwenyani, eyongezelelweyo kwiseti yedatha. Oku kunokusuka kwiifayile ezibhaliweyo ezineempawu ezongezelelweyo (zemifanekiso ephawulweyo) ukuya kwimifanekiso yezinye izinto ezinokuthelekiseka kwinto yoqobo, okanye ushicilelo lweyona nto.
Ngokomzekelo, ngokongeza ezinye iimpawu ezimbalwa kwifayile yomfanekiso, imodeli yokufunda ngomatshini inokuyibona into ngokulula ngakumbi.
Imethadatha eyongezelelekileyo malunga nomfanekiso ngamnye (umzekelo, igama layo kunye nenkcazo) inokubandakanywa ukuze imodeli yethu ye-AI yazi ngakumbi malunga nokuba umfanekiso ngamnye umele ntoni ngaphambi kokuba iqalise uqeqesho kwezo foto.
Xa kufika ixesha lokuhlela iifoto ezintsha zibe kolunye lwezintlu zethu ezimiselwe kwangaphambili, njenge "kati" okanye "inja," imodeli inokukwazi ngcono ukubona izinto ezikhoyo emfanekisweni kwaye isebenze ngcono ngokubanzi ngenxa yoko.
Idatha yokwenziwa Nyusa
Ngaphandle kokongeza idatha yokwenyani ngakumbi, unokuba negalelo idatha yokwenziwa okanye idatha eyenziweyo ebonakala iyinyani.
Oku kuluncedo kwimisebenzi enzima njengodluliselo lwesitayile se-neural, kodwa ilungile nakuluphi na uyilo, nokuba usebenzisa ii-GANs (Generative Adversarial Networks), CNNs (Convolutional Neural Networks), okanye olunye ulwakhiwo olunzulu lweneural network.
Umzekelo, ukuba sifuna ukwahlula kakuhle iipugs ngaphandle kokuphuma kwaye sithathe inani leefoto, singongeza iifoto zobuxoki zepug kwingqokelela yemifanekiso yezinja.
Olu hlobo lokwandiswa kwedatha lusebenza ngokukodwa ekuphuculeni imodeli echanekileyo xa ukuqokelela idatha kunzima, kuyabiza, okanye kuthatha ixesha. Kule meko, sandisa idatha ngobuchule.
Cinga ukuba iqela lethu lokuqala leefoto zohlobo lwenja eziyi-1000 liqulethe kuphela imifanekiso emi-5 yepug. Endaweni yokongeza iifoto ezongezelelweyo zepug ezisuka kwizinja zokwenyani, masenze eyenkohliso ngokudibanisa enye yezangoku kwaye siyigqwethe kancinci ukuze ibonakale ngathi yipug.
IiTekhnoloji zoKwandiswa kweDatha
Iindlela zokwandisa idatha kubandakanya ukwenza uhlengahlengiso oluncinci kwidatha ekhoyo. Kuyafana nokuphinda uchaze ingxelo. Sinokwahlula ukwandiswa kwedatha kwiindidi ezintathu:
Umbhalo
- Ukutshintshwa kwegama: Le ndlela yokwandisa idatha iquka ukutshintshwa kwemigaqo yangoku kunye nezithethantonye. Njengomzekelo, "Le filimu ibubudenge" inokuba "Le filimu ibubudenge."
- Isivakalisi/Ukugocagoca amagama: Esi sicwangciso siquka ukutshintshwa kolandelelwano lwamabinzana okanye amagama ngelixa ugcina ukuyondelelana ngokubanzi.
- I-Syntax-Tree Manipulation: Utshintsha isivakalisi esikhoyo ukuze sichaneke ngokwegrama ngelixa usebenzisa amagama afanayo.
- Ukucinywa okungahleliwe: Nangona esi sicwangciso sivelisa ukubhala kakubi, siyasebenza. Ngenxa yoko, umgca "andizukuyithenga le rekhodi kuba ikrweliwe" iba "andizukuyithenga le nto kuba ikrweliwe." Eli binzana alicacanga kangako, kodwa lihlala lilulongezelelo olubambekayo.
- UGuqulelo Olungasemva: Le ndlela iyasebenza kwaye iyayonwabisa. Thatha ingxelo ebhalwe ngolwimi lwakho, uyiguqulele kolunye ulwimi, emva koko uyiguqulele kwakhona uyibuyisele kulwimi lwakho lokuqala.
imifanekiso
- Izihluzi zeKernel: Le ndlela ilola okanye yenza mnyama umfanekiso.
- Umdibaniso womfanekiso: Nangona isenokubonakala ingaqhelekanga, ungazixuba iifoto.
- Ukucima ngokungaqhelekanga: Cima indawo encinci yomfanekiso wangoku.
- IiNguqu zeJomethri: Le ndlela iquka, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuphetshethwa, ukujikeleziswa, ukunqampuna, okanye ukuguqulela imifanekiso.
- Ukuphequlula umfanekiso: Uyakwazi ukuphethula umfanekiso ukusuka oxwesileyo ukuya kumkhombandlela othe nkqo.
- Utshintsho lweSithuba soMbala: Unokutshintsha itshaneli zemibala ye-RGB okanye uphucule nawuphi na umbala wangoku.
- Ukuphinda-Scaling yinkqubo yokulungelelanisa isikali esibonakalayo. Unokukhetha ukukala ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle. Xa ulinganisa ngaphakathi, umfanekiso uba mncinci kunobukhulu bokuqala. Umfanekiso uya kuba mkhulu kunowokuqala ukuba uwukhuphela ngaphandle.
evakalayo
- Isandi: Le ndlela ibandakanya ukutshintsha isandi sesandi.
- Guqula isantya: Guqula isantya sefayile yeaudio okanye ukurekhoda.
- Ingxolo engakumbi: Unokongeza ingxolo eyongezelelweyo kwifayile yeaudio.
Sebenzisa Iimeko
Imifanekiso yezonyango yimeko ebalaseleyo yokusetyenziswa kokwandisa idatha ngoku. Iingqokelela zemifanekiso yezonyango zincinci, kwaye ukwabelana ngedatha kunzima ngenxa yemithetho kunye neenkxalabo zangasese.
Ngaphaya koko, iiseti zedatha zinyanzeleke ngakumbi kwimeko yokuphazamiseka okungaqhelekanga. Iinkampani zokucinga zonyango zisebenzisa ulwandiso lwedatha ukuguqula iiseti zabo zedatha.
mngeni
I-Scalability, iiseti zedatha ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokufaneleka zezinye zemiba efuna ukusonjululwa ukuze kuphuhliswe iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokwandisa idatha.
Ngokubhekiselele kwi-scalability, idatha eyandisiweyo kufuneka ihlaziywe ukwenzela ukuba iimodeli ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zingayisebenzisa. Uyakufuna ukuqiniseka ukuba oku kunokuphinda-phindwa ukuze kusetyenziswe kwiimodeli zexesha elizayo ukusukela ekusekweni kwenkqubo yokwandisa idatha eyenza isixa esikhulu sedatha efanelekileyo, exabisekileyo, eyomeleziweyo inokuthatha ixesha.
Ngokumalunga ne-heterogeneity, iiseti zedatha ezahlukeneyo zineempawu ezahlukileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngelixa kusenziwa idatha eyandisiweyo. Ukuphuhlisa idatha eyandisiweyo efanelekileyo, iimpawu zeseti yedatha nganye kufuneka zisetyenziswe.
Ngamanye amazwi, ukongezwa kwedatha kuya kwahluka phakathi kweeseti zedatha kunye namatyala okusebenzisa.
Okokugqibela, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinzuzo zedatha eyandisiweyo zigqithise naziphi na iingozi, idatha eyongeziweyo kufuneka ivavanywe kusetyenziswa i-metrics efanelekileyo phambi kokuba isetyenziswe yimodeli yokufunda koomatshini.
Ngokomzekelo, ubukho bengxolo ebalulekileyo yangasemva okanye izinto ezingahambelaniyo kwidatha eyandisiweyo esekwe kumfanekiso kunokuba nefuthe elibi ekusebenzeni kwemodeli.
isiphelo
Ekugqibeleni, nokuba uzama ukuqikelela ilahleko, ukuchonga ubuqhophololo bezemali, okanye ukwakha ngcono ukuhlelwa komfanekiso iimodeli, ukongezwa kwedatha yindlela ebalulekileyo yokwakha ichaneke ngakumbi, imifuziselo eyomeleleyo.
Ngenkqubo yoqeqesho oluphezulu, ukucutshungulwa kwangaphambili kunye nokwandiswa kwedatha kunokuncedisa amaqela ekuphuhliseni iimodeli ezibukhali.
Amashishini anokusebenzisa ulwandiso lwedatha ukunciphisa ixesha elichithwe ekulungiseni idatha yoqeqesho kunye nokudala iimodeli zokufunda ngoomatshini ezichaneke ngakumbi kwaye ngokukhawuleza..
Ngokwandisa ubuninzi bedatha efanelekileyo kwidathasethi, ulwandiso lwedatha lunokuthi luzuze iimodeli zokufunda zoomatshini esele zinedatha eninzi.
Shiya iMpendulo