Isiqulatho[Fihla][Bonisa]
Ukufota ngekhompyutha yintsimi ebone inkqubela phambili emininzi kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
Amandla ento enokwenziwa ngemifanekiso akhule ngokukhula ukusuka kwi-algorithms yokusetyenzwa kwemifanekiso engcono ukuya kwihardware yekhamera enobunkunkqele.
Kodwa ngaba sifikelele kwinqanaba eligqithiseleyo?
Ngaba kukho enye into enokwenziwa ukutyhala imida yento enokwenzeka ngeefoto?
Makhe sijonge kolunye uphuhliso lwamva nje lokufota ngekhompyutha kwaye sibone ukuba ikamva lingasibeka phi.
Yintoni kanye kanye iFoto yeKhompyutha?
Ngaphambi kokuba singene kwinto enokwenzeka, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukufota ngekhompyutha. Ukuyibeka ngokulula, ukufota ngekhompyutha luhlobo lokusetyenzwa kwemifanekiso ethatha ifoto kwaye iyenze ibonakale yahlukile.
Abantu abaninzi babhekisa koku njengokukhohlisa kwemifanekiso, kodwa oko kuyalahlekisa kancinci. Injongo yokugqibela ayikuko ukutshintsha umfanekiso kodwa kukuthatha ifoto kwaye wenze into nayo.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ukuguqulwa komfanekiso akufuneki ukuba kwenziwe ngexesha lokwenyani. Uninzi lweefoto ezibaliweyo zenziwa ngaphandle kweintanethi kwaye zisetyenziswa kuphela kumfanekiso wokugqibela.
Ligama elibanzi, kwaye lisetyenziswa ukuchaza izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo.
Umzekelo, abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba ukufota ngekhompyutha kumalunga nokwenza imifanekiso yeHDR. Kodwa oko akuyonyani ngokupheleleyo.
Ukufota ngekhompyutha kunokufakwa kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeemeko zeefoto ezahlukeneyo. Isetyenziselwa izinto ezinje ngokubamba ngokutsha, imifanekiso enesisombululo esiphezulu, ukuphuculwa kokufota okuphantsi, ukwenza ubunzulu beziphumo zentsimi, nokunye okuninzi.
Isetyenziselwa ukwenza okungakumbi kunokwenza iifoto ezintle ze-Instagram. I-NASA iyisebenzisa ukukhupha iinkcazo kwiifoto ezithathwe emajukujukwini.
Ubuchwephesha bokuFota ngeKhompyutha
Utyhala olukhulu
Ukunyuka kweefoto zedijithali ekupheleni kweminyaka engama-90 kunye nasekuqaleni kwe-2000 kukhokelele kubuchule obutsha bokwenza umfanekiso. Uninzi lwezi ndlela zobuchule zaphuhliswa ukuvumela ukwenziwa ngcono kwemifanekiso.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, sibone ngakumbi nangakumbi obu buchule busetyenziswa kwiingxaki zehlabathi lokwenyani.
Owona mzekelo waziwa kakhulu woku kukusetyenziswa kokufota ngekhompyutha kwiingxaki ezifana nokushukuma kwekhamera kunye nokuphambuka kwelensi. Ubuchule obuninzi bunokusetyenziswa ukususa ukufiphala okungafunwayo kumfanekiso, kwaye ukufota ngekhompyutha kwenze oku kwenzeke kwiikhamera ezininzi.
Deepfakes
Lo ngomnye weyona mizekelo icacileyo yokuba sihambe kangakanani na kwicandelo lokufota ngekhompyutha. Igama elithile nzulu ibhekisa kuqheliselo lokusebenzisa ubuchule bokufunda nzulu ukwenza imifanekiso yobuxoki ekhangeleka ngathi yeyenyani.
Eyokuqala deepfakes zaye zaphuhliswa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-2000, kodwa ukufika kwe-AI kuzise ukuthandwa kwangoku.
Oku kube yinkxalabo enkulu kwishishini letekhnoloji. Uphononongo olwenziwe yiWashington Post lufumanise ukuba, kubasebenzisi be-intanethi abayi-1,000 40 abaphononongwayo, iipesenti ezingama-XNUMX ziye zavezwa kubuxoki obunzulu.
Oku kwakuquka abantu abaninzi abadumileyo, abezobupolitika, kwanabantu beentsapho zabo. Le ngxelo iphinde yafumanisa ukuba ii-deepfakes zazisetyenziselwa ukusasaza ulwazi olungeyonyani kwaye zazihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuhlekisa ngabantu.
Iindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zinokudala ubuxoki obunzulu, kodwa eyona ndlela yaziwayo ibizwa ngokuba yi-GAN (inethiwekhi yotshaba). Olu hlobo lwe ukufunda okunzulu imodeli isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa imifanekiso yobuxoki ekhangeleka iyinyani.
Ezi ntlobo zemifanekiso zihlala zibizwa ngokuba "ziindaba zobuxoki."
Ngelixa igama ngokwalo lingachanekanga, into yokuba i-deepfakes isetyenziselwa ukusasaza ulwazi olungeyonyani ayinakuphikiswa. Imifanekiso iyaqinisekisa, kwaye kulula kakhulu ukubanjwa kuluvo lokuba iyinyani.
Kungenxa yoko le nto itekhnoloji ivaliwe kwiindawo ezininzi.
Umzekelo, i-deepfakes ivaliwe e-Australia kumaqonga eendaba ezentlalo nakwezinye iindawo zokusebenza. IOfisi yoMkomishinala woLwazi wase-UK nayo yatsho njalo deepfakes akukho mthethweni ukusetyenziswa kuwo nawuphi na umsebenzi "worhwebo okanye wobungcali."
Ngelixa i-deepfakes ingekho semthethweni ngoku, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba itekhnoloji isebuntwaneni bayo. Into yokuba isaphuhliswa ithetha ukuba kusekho indawo eninzi yokukhula kwayo.
Ngokomzekelo, uphononongo lwaseWashington Post lufumanise ukuba sisiqingatha kuphela sabantu abachanabeke kubo deepfakes bebesazi ukuba bezizobuxoki.
eye
Uluhlu oluphezulu lwe-dynamic (HDR) ukufota bubuchule obuvumela ukuthatyathwa kwemifanekiso enoluhlu oluguquguqukayo olubanzi kunokuba kunokwenzeka ngokufota okuqhelekileyo.
Imifanekiso ye-HDR idla ngokubanjwa kusetyenziswa ukuvezwa okuninzi, kwaye ubuchule sele bukhona ixesha elide. Kwakutsha nje ukuba itekhnoloji ihambele phambili ngokwaneleyo ukuvumela ukuba imifanekiso ye-HDR ibanjwe ngokudubula okukodwa.
Olunye lolona setyenziso lwaziwayo lokufota ngeHDR kukufota ngeenkwenkwezi.
Izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zithatha imifanekiso ngokutyhileka kanye. Imifanekiso idityanisiwe ukwenza umfanekiso odibeneyo kunye noluhlu oluguquguqukayo olubanzi kakhulu kunokuba lunokwenzeka kunye nokuvezwa okukodwa.
Iinzuzo zokuFota ngeKhompyutha:
Zininzi izibonelelo zokusebenzisa ukufota ngekhompyutha, kwaye kubalulekile ukuziqonda ukuba uza kusebenzisa itekhnoloji kwifoto yakho. Nazi ezinye zezibonelelo ezinkulu:
Umgangatho woMfanekiso ongcono
Olona ncedo lukhulu lokufota ngokubaleka kukwenza imifanekiso yakho ibonakale ngcono. Kukho inani leendlela ezahlukeneyo ezinokusetyenziswa ukuphucula umgangatho wesithombe.
Ezi ziquka ubuchule obufana nokukhupha imifanekiso, ukuzinzisa umfanekiso, kunye nokunciphisa ingxolo.
UMorpho uyaqhubeka nokuphucula ukufotowa kwekhompyutha kunye #AI Isoftware yeefoto ze-smartphone. #SnapdragonSmmit pic.twitter.com/NhmwMfqT8a
-Qualcomm (@Qualcomm) Disemba 2, 2020
Itekhnoloji yenza kube lula ukuphucula umgangatho wemifanekiso yeefoto ezithatyathwe ngeekhamera ezindala.
Oku kungenxa yokuba uninzi lweendlela zakudala ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza imifanekiso ibonakale ngcono ayinakwenzeka ukuba iphunyezwe kwiikhamera ezintsha.
Ukuthatha umfanekiso okhawulezayo
Olona ncedo lucacileyo lokufota ngokubaleka kukuba kuthatha imifanekiso ngokukhawuleza kunokufota kwemveli.
Ukufota ngekhompyutha kuvumela umsebenzi omninzi ofunekayo ukufota ukuba wenziwe kwikhompyuter. Oku kuquka izinto ezifana nokunciphisa ingxolo, ukulungiswa kombala, kunye nokulungiswa kweelensi.
Ukwandiswa kweSigqibo
Olunye uncedo lokufota ngokubala kukuba lunokwenza ukuba kuthathwe imifanekiso enesisombululo esiphezulu kunokuba kunokwenzeka ngokufota kwendabuko.
Itekhnoloji isekelwe kwimigaqo emininzi efana ne-HDR yokufota, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza imifanekiso enoluhlu olubanzi oluguquguqukayo.
Oku kuthetha ukuba kuyenzeka ukuba kuthathwe imifanekiso enesisombululo esiphezulu kunefoto yemveli. Kuyenzeka ukuba ubambe imifanekiso ephindwe ka-4 ubukhulu njengoko bekuya kuba njalo ukuba umfanekiso uthathwe ngekhamera yemveli.
Loluphi uhlobo lwe-AI oluSebenzisayo lokuFoto lokufota?
Ukufota okuqhutywa ngekhompyutha ye-AI yitekhnoloji entsha kakhulu, kwaye ziinkampani ezimbalwa kuphela ezibonelela ngenkonzo ngoku. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-AI-powered computational photography.
IsiGqibo esiPhezulu (SR)
I-SuperResolution bubuchule obuvumela ukudala imifanekiso ene-high-resolution ebukhali kakhulu kunomfanekiso wokuqala. Isebenzisa i-AI ukudibanisa imifanekiso emininzi enesisombululo esisezantsi kumfanekiso omnye, onesisombululo esiphezulu.
eye
Imifanekiso ye-HDR idla ngokubanjwa kusetyenziswa ukuvezwa okuninzi, kwaye ubuchule sele bukhona ixesha elide. Kwakutsha nje ukuba itekhnoloji ihambele phambili ngokwaneleyo ukuvumela ukuba imifanekiso ye-HDR ibanjwe ngokudubula okukodwa.
Retinex
Bubuchule bokufota bokufota obuphuhliswe nguJames D. MacKenzie kwaye busetyenziswa kwiikhamera ezininzi zobuchwephesha. Ubuchwephesha busekelwe kwinani lemigaqo efanayo ne-HDR yokufota, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza imifanekiso enoluhlu olubanzi oluguquguqukayo.
I-Retinex isetyenziselwa ukwenza imifanekiso enoluhlu olubanzi oluguquguqukayo. I-Retinex lolona hlobo lwaziwayo lwe-AI yokufota, kodwa ayisiyiyo yodwa.
isiphelo
Sifikelela kwinqanaba apho ukufota ngekhompyutha kuya kusiba nzima ngakumbi. Ngetekhnoloji enje ngemowudi ye-portrait kunye nemo ye-cinematic kwi-iPhone 13 pro, ngoku singenza iifoto kunye neevidiyo ezikhangeleka ngathi zithathwe ngekhamera ye-DSLR ephezulu.
Njengoko obu buchwephesha buqhubeka buphucuka, siya kudala imifanekiso enenyani ngakumbi.
Ucinga ukuba ukufota ngekhompyutha kuya kuyitshintsha njani indlela esithatha ngayo iifoto kwixesha elizayo?
Shiya iMpendulo