Kwiinzame zokutshintsha i-C++ ehloniphekileyo kodwa edangele, abaphandi bakaGoogle baye bazisa ulwimi olutsha “lovavanyo” lwenkqubo olubizwa ngokuba yiCarbon.
Ikhabhoni inokusebenza njengolwimi olulandela i-C++, leyo ibonelela ngesiqalo esilula kubaphuhlisi kulwimi olutsha olujongana neekhonsepthi zophuhliso lwangoku ezifana nokhuseleko lwenkumbulo kunye negenerics.
Oku kuya kufana nendlela iMicrosoft eyakha ngayo i-Typescript ukuhlaziya iJavaScript kunye neKotlin ukuqinisa ubuthathaka kwiJava.
UGoogle uphuhlise inani leelwimi zenkqubo kuyo yonke le minyaka, ezinye zazo ziye zafumana ukuqatshelwa okubalulekileyo kunye nokubaluleka.
Ngokomzekelo, i-Golang (okanye i-Go nje) yaphuhliswa ukuququzelela ukudalwa kweeseva kunye neenkqubo ezisasazwayo kwaye emva koko yamkelwe luluntu jikelele.
I-Dart ulwimi lwenkqubo, eyadalwa njengendawo yeJavaScript, ayizange yaziwe de kwasungulwa iFlutter.
UChandler Carruth, umqeshwa kaGoogle, ubonise umbono wakhe wolwimi olutsha lwenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yiCarbon ngoJulayi 19, 2022, kwindibano yeCpp North eToronto, ngokutsho kweConor Hoekstra, ababekho baza barekhoda izilayidi.
Ukuseta le meko, uCarruth ubonise ukuba uninzi lwezona lwimi zithandwa kakhulu namhlanje zinenzala evumela abaphuhlisi ukuba babe nemveliso ngokukhawuleza kwaye bazuze kuyilo lolwimi lwangoku.
Masiqale ngokwaziswa ngokubanzi kolwimi lwenkqubo yeCarbon, kuquka iimpawu zalo, injongo yokuyilwa kukaGoogle, nokunye.
Intshayelelo kulwimi lweCarbon Programming
NgoJulayi 19, 2022, uGoogle watyhila iCarbon njengolona lwimi lutsha lwenkqubo oluyenzileyo. Yenzelwe ukubuyisela i-C ++ ngokuvavanywa.
Enkosi kwi inkqubo yegenerics, okuphelisa imfuneko yokuphinda uhlolisise ikhowudi kwi-instantiation nganye, iCarbon iya kwakhiwa kwisiseko seengcamango zeprogram zanamhlanje.
Ekupheleni konyaka, uyilo luceba ukubonelela ngenguqu yokusebenza esisiseko (uguqulelo 0.1).
Ukunyaniseka kwenkumbulo yinto ebalulekileyo elahlekileyo i-C++. Omnye wemithombo ephambili yeziphene zokhuseleko yimicimbi yokufikelela kwimemori.
Ukuphuhliswa kwemida yokutshekishwa okuguquguqukayo, ukulandelwa okukhulu kweelizwe ezingazange zisetyenziswe, kunye nemowudi yokwakhiwa kwe-debug zonke zinjongo zeqela leCarbon. Abadali bajonge ukwenza iseti yeCarbon ekhuselekileyo ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Nangona kunjalo, ezi zilandelayo zezinye iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zolwimi olutsha lwenkqubo:
- Ukubiza iintlobo, sebenzisa amabinzana.
- Iigenerics ezinamandla ezinokuhlolwa kwenkcazo
- Iintlobo ziqhuba ngokukodwa ujongano
- amabinzana entshayelelo kunye negrama esisiseko
- Izalathisi zivumela ukufikelela okungathintelwanga kunye nokuguqulwa kwenguqu.
- Amaxabiso eparameters zongeniso zifundwa kuphela.
- Ingcambu yesithuba segama yimpahla.
- Ii-APIs zinokungeniswa ngaphandle kusetyenziswa amagama azo epakethe.
- Indlela ibhengezwa kusetyenziswa iparamitha yento ecacileyo.
- Iiklasi zigqibela ngokungagqibekanga; linye kuphela ilifa
Iimpawu zeCarbon
Yangoku kunye nophuhliso
- Ukuphuculwa phakathi kweenguqulelo zeCarbon zilula kwaye zisekwe kwisixhobo.
- Iziseko zolwimi ezomeleleyo, ngakumbi ukuba uye wasebenzisa i-C++, kwaye kulula ukufunda
- Iziseko ezikhuselekileyo kunye nendlela yesinyathelo-nge-nyathelo kwi-subset ekhuselekileyo yememori
Ukwamkela uluntu lomthombo ovulekileyo
- Uluntu oluzama ukuba nobubele, ukwamkela, nokumema
- Iinjongo zayo kunye nezinto eziphambili ngokubaluleka kulawulo olwahlukileyo nolomeleleyo
- Isicwangciso se-in-one kunye nomqambi, amathala eencwadi, amaxwebhu, izixhobo, ulawulo lwephakheji, kunye nokunye
Ngokukhawuleza kwaye iyahambelana neC ++
- Sebenza kunye ne Ikhowudi ye-C ++ sele unayo, kuquka ilifa kunye neetemplates
- Nge-LLVM, ukusebenza ngokuthelekiswa ne-C++ kunye nokufikelela kwinqanaba elisezantsi kwiibhithi kunye needilesi
- Ulwakhiwo olukhawulezayo kunye nolwakhiwo kwaye luyahambelana neenkqubo zakho zokwakha zeC ++ ezikhoyo
Kutheni uGoogle esenza ulwimi lweCarbon programming?
Isoftware ebaluleke kakhulu yokusebenza iyaqhubeka ukubhalwa ikakhulu kwi-C ++, eneziseko ezinkulu kunye nokwandisa iikhowudi kunye notyalo-mali.
Nangona kunjalo, inengxaki yokuqhubela phambili kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zabaphuhlisi njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ngenxa yobuninzi betyala leteknoloji.
Kunzima kakhulu ukuphucula ngokunyukayo i-C++ ngenxa yetyala lobuchwephesha eliye lalongela kunye nobunzima ngenkqubo yayo yendaleko.
Indlela efanelekileyo yokusombulula le miba kukuqala ngesiseko esiluqilima solwimi, njengenkqubo yangoku yegenerics, imodyuli yokwakheka kwekhowudi, kunye nesyntax engaguqukiyo, ethe tye, kunokuba sizuze ilifa ngokuthe ngqo isithethe seC okanye C ++.
Yiya, iSwift, iKotlin, iRust, kunye nezinye iilwimi ezininzi zangoku sele zibonelela ngamava ophuhliso abalaseleyo. Abaphuhlisi abakwaziyo ukusebenzisa enye yezi lwimi zangoku kufuneka.
Ngelishwa, ukwamkelwa kunye nokufuduka ukusuka kwi-C++ kuthintelwa kakhulu yiyilo yezi lwimi. Le miqobo ibandakanya umsebenzi ongaphezulu kunye nohlengahlengiso kuyilo lwe-idiomatic yesoftware.
Ikhabhoni ayingomzamo wokuphucula ngokuthe ngcembe iC ++; endaweni yoko, sisicwangciso solwimi esilandela. Ingqwalasela yayo ikukusebenzisana kwe-C ++, kunye nokwamkelwa ngokubanzi kunye nokufuduka kubaphuhlisi kunye neziseko zekhowudi ngoku usebenzisa i-C ++.
Ulwimi oluthatha indawo ye-C++ kufuneka lube:
- Ukusebenza ngokuthelekisa ne-C++ luphawu olubalulekileyo kubaphuhlisi.
- Ijiko lokufunda elilawulekayo kunye nenqanaba lokuqhelana nabaprogram be-C++
- Imfuduko enokucuthwa kwaye iquka uguqulelo lwekhowudi ye-C++ yomthombo ukuya kumthombo.
- Ukuchazwa okufanayo kunye nenkxaso yoyilo kunye noyilo lwesoftware yangoku.
- Ukusebenzisana kunye ne-C++ engenamthungo kunye ne-bidirectional, evumela naliphi na ithala leencwadi ukuba lamkele iKhabhoni ngaphandle kokubeka isitaki sonke.
Ngesi sicwangciso, i-Google yongeza kwi-ecosystem esele ikhona kwi-C ++ kwaye idibanisa utyalo-mali lwangoku, i-codebases, kunye noluntu lophuhliso.
Iilwimi ezimbalwa zamkele le ndlela yokujongana nendalo eyahlukeneyo, kwaye iCarbon ifuna ukudlala umsebenzi ofanayo noC ++ kwezi meko:
- Java – Kotlin
- JavaScript-TypeScript
- C++ – Carbon
C ++ VS IKhowudi yeCarbon
Ikhabhoni kufuneka ibenegophe lokufunda eliphantsi ukuba sele ungumphuhlisi we-C++. Iqulunqwe yiseti emiselweyo yolwakhiwo lwegrama ekufuneka ivakale njengendalo kwaye kube lula ukuyifunda nokuyiqonda.
Umzekelo wekhowudi ye-C++:
Le khowudi yeCarbon ihambelana noku:
ICarbon Vs Umhlwa
Olunye ulwimi lwangoku oluyilelwe ngokucacileyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zosetyenziso olukhuselekileyo kwinkumbulo lubizwa ngokuba yiRust.
Ngoko kutheni ungasebenzisi nje umhlwa?
Ngelixa abanye bexoxa ukuba iRust, eyaqala njengeprojekthi yeMozilla kwaye emva koko yakhula yaba neqela labantu abalandelayo, ilandela i-C ++, uCarruth uyathandabuza ukuba ukufana kusasebenza.
Umhlwa ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo lulwimi olumnandi lokuqalisa iprojekthi entsha, kodwa njengoko iswele “ukusebenzelana okuphindwe kabini” kweelwimi ezinjengeJava neKotlin, kulucelomngeni ukutshintshela kuyo kancinci kancinci.
UCarruth wanikela intetho kwiCPP North kwaye wakhuthaza abantu ababesele besebenzisa iRust ukuba baqhubeke besenza njalo. Abaphuhlisi abasele benesiseko sekhowudi ye-C++ enzima ukuyiguqulela kwiRust kufuneka basebenzise iCarbon.
Ngokukodwa, iCarbon yinto ebizwa ngokuba yiCarruth ngokuthi "ulwimi olulandelwayo," olwakhiwe phezu kwendawo ekhoyo ecosystem, kulo mzekelo C ++.
Ngaloo njongo, iCarbon yenzelwe ukuba ihambelane ngokupheleleyo nekhowudi yangoku yeC ++, nokuba ineenjongo ezininzi ngeRust, ezinjengokuncedisa abadwelisi benkqubo ekudaleni "izicelo ezibalulekileyo zokusebenza."
Ukongeza, yenzelwe ukwenza ukusuka kwiC ++ ukuya kwiCarbon kube lula kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
isiphelo
Ekugqibeleni, abadali beelwimi zeCarbon benza umzamo wokunikela ingqalelo kwinkqubo yokudala. Ikhowudi yeprojekthi iyafumaneka ukuze icelwe kwaye igcinwe ngokuvulelekileyo Github, kwaye inkcubeko yayo ichazwa njengento ebandakanyayo kwaye ivuleleke kubo bobabini abemi babucala kunye necandelo le-IT.
Iqela leCarbon lalicinga ukuba iCarbon kufuneka ibe yiprojekthi yokuzimela eqhutywa luluntu kwaye ingabi yiprojekthi ephenjelelwa nguGoogle ukuze iphuhlise kwixesha elizayo.
UCaruth wongezelela ukuba ngaphandle komdla ovela kwinani lamashishini e-IT, le ngcamango isekwinqanaba lokulinga.
Shiya iMpendulo