Isiqulatho[Fihla][Bonisa]
I-cryptocurrency yokuqala, Bitcoin, yaqala ngo-2009. Isebenza ngeteknoloji eyaziwa ngokuba yi-blockchain, edibanisa uluhlu lweebhloko zedijithali ezifihliweyo kwikhonkco, ngoko ke igama. Iintengiselwano zeBitcoin zigcinwe kwibhloko nganye. Iintengiselwano zikhuselekile kakhulu ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwe-blockchain kunye ne-encryption.
USatoshi Nakamoto, okanye iqela labantu abazichaza njengoSatoshi Nakamoto, bayila le cryptocurrency. Akukho mntu waziyo ukuba ngubani lo Satoshi Nakamoto de kube ngoku. Inzuzo ephambili yeBitcoin kukuba ibekwe phantsi, oko kuthetha ukuba ayinakulawulwa ngamaqela okanye oorhulumente.
Nabani na okwinethiwekhi, nokuba yiphi na indawo, angathumela iiBitcoins kuye nabani na ongomnye kwinethiwekhi; into ekufuneka uyenzile kukuseka iakhawunti yeBitcoin kwaye ufake ezinye iiBitcoins ngaphambi kokuba uthumele ezo Bitcoins. Ungazifumana ngokuzithenga okanye ngokuzimbiwa.
Yiloo nto ngenjongo: Bitcoins azixhaswanga ngurhulumente okanye naliphi na elinye iziko elikhuphayo, kwaye akukho nto yimbi ngaphandle kobungqina obufakwe kumbindi wenkqubo yokuqinisekisa ixabiso labo.
Isebenza njani iBitcoin?
I-blockchain, eyileja yedijithali enikezelweyo, isisiseko seBitcoin. Njengoko igama lithetha, i-blockchain ngumzimba odibeneyo wedatha eyenziwe ngeebhloko ezibandakanya ulwazi malunga nentengiselwano nganye, njengomhla kunye nexesha, ixabiso elipheleleyo, umthengi kunye nomthengisi, kunye nenombolo yesazisi esisodwa kwintengiso nganye. Ukwakha i-blockchain yedijithali, amangeno axhunyiwe ngokulandelelana kwexesha.
Ibhloko yentengiselwano kufuneka ingqinwe sisininzi sabo bonke abanini beBitcoin ukuba ibandakanywe kwi-Bitcoin blockchain, kwaye iikhowudi ezizodwa ezisetyenziselwa ukuchonga izipaji zabasebenzisi kunye neentengiselwano kufuneka zihambelane nepateni yofihlo oluchanekileyo.
Ezi khowudi zinde, amanani apheleleyo angenamkhethe kunzima kakhulu ukuwenza. Enyanisweni, umkhohlisi owazi ikhowudi engundoqo kwi-wallet yakho ye-Bitcoin unamathuba afanayo nokuphumelela i-jackpot ye-Powerball amaxesha alithoba ngokulandelelana. Esi sixa-manani sokungacingeleki kweenkcukacha-manani kwiikhowudi zokuqinisekisa ze-blockchain, ezifunekayo kuyo yonke intengiselwano, linciphisa kakhulu ithuba lokuba nabani na angenza intengiselwano yeBitcoin yobuqhophololo.
Yintoni iMigodi yeBitcoin?
Urhulumente uprinta iimali ze-fiat, kodwa i-Bitcoin ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bembe iingqekembe ezintsha kwaye bafumane inkuthazo ngokwenza oko. Nabani na onokwenza umgodi weBitcoin usebenzisa ihardware ekhethekileyo, kwaye baya kufumana umvuzo omiselweyo (i-6.25 BTC okwangoku) kwibhloko nganye yombiwa.
Nangona kunjalo, izibonelelo zisiqingatha rhoqo emva kweminyaka emine, okanye xa iibhloko ze-210,000 ziye zachithwa. Ukumbiwa kwemigodi akuvelisi nje iibhloko ezintsha zeBitcoin kodwa zikwanceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuthengiselana kwenethiwekhi. Abavukuzi bavuzwa kwibhloko nganye ye-1MB yeentengiselwano eziqinisekisiweyo.
Iibhloko zeBitcoin ziquka i-hashes egcina i-hashes yeebhloko zangaphambili kunye nolwazi lwentengiselwano. I-hash yiseti yee-integers kunye ne-alphabets ezenziwe ngenani elichaziweyo lamanani angaqhelekanga. Yonke ihashi yinto enye, kwaye akukho mntu unokuthelekelela ukuba yeyiphi idatha eyibambe ngokuyijonga nje.
Nangona umsebenzi-mgodini uqinisekisile ibhloko yentengiselwano, banokungafumani nayiphi na imbuyekezo. Indlela ukusebenza kwemigodi kukuba ukuba ufuna ukufumana umvuzo wokuqinisekisa ibhloko yentengiselwano, kufuneka ube ngumsebenzi-mgodini wokuqala ukuyenza. Le yindlela esebenza ngayo inkqubo yobungqina bomsebenzi.
Inkqubo yokuqinisekisa ngokwedijithali ukuthengiselana kweBitcoin kwinethiwekhi yeBitcoin kwaye ukongeza kwirekhodi ye-blockchain yaziwa ngokuba yimigodi yeBitcoin. Oku kwenziwa ngokusombulula iingxaki ezintsonkothileyo ze-cryptographic hash ukuze kuqinisekiswe iibhloko zentengiselwano kwileja yebhloko yebhloko.
Ukucombulula la maqhina, uya kufuna amandla amaninzi okulungisa kunye nezixhobo ezininzi ezibizayo. Abasebenzi basezimayini bavuzwa ngeBitcoin ngokutshintshiselana ngemizamo yabo, ethi ekugqibeleni ikhutshwe ukuze isasazwe, ngoko ke igama elithi Bitcoin mining.
Iikhonsepthi ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzazi
Ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo imigodi yeBitcoin, kufuneka uqale uqonde iimbono ezintathu eziphambili ze-blockchain.
Ubungqina bomsebenzi - Abavukuzi baqinisekisa ukuthengiselana kwimigodi ye-blockchain ngokusombulula umngeni wezibalo owaziwa ngokuba bubungqina bomsebenzi. Ukwenza njalo, eyona njongo iphambili yomembi-mgodi kukufumanisa ixabiso le-nonce, eyona ngxaki yezibalo ekufuneka abasebenzi basezimayini bayisombulule ukuze benze i-hash encinci kunenjongo yomnatha kwibhloko ethile.
Ihanjisiwe iLedger -Ileja esasaziweyo yidathabheyisi abantu abaninzi abanokufikelela kuyo kwaye ekwabelwana ngayo kwaye ingqinelaniswe nemvumelwano kwiindawo ezininzi, iinkampani, okanye izizwe. Ivumela uluntu ukuba lubekho “njengamangqina” ngexesha lentengiselwano. I-ledger esasazwayo yincwadi yehlabathi jikelele egcina umkhondo wazo zonke iintengiselwano zenethiwekhi ye-blockchain. Abasebenzisi beBitcoin ngabo baqinisekisa ukuthengiselana kwenethiwekhi.
SHA-256 - I-Blockchain ivimbela ukufikelela okungafunekiyo ngokusebenzisa i-algorithm ye-hash eyaziwa ngokuba yi-SHA-256 ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lweebhloko. Ziye zenziwe ngedijithali. Nje ukuba zenziwe, ixabiso labo le-hash alinakuguqulwa. I-SHA-256 yamkela nawuphi na umtya wegalelo lobude kwaye ibonelela ngesiphumo esisisigxina se-256-bit; ngumsebenzi wendlela enye; awukwazi ukugqibezela ngokupheleleyo umva wegalelo umva kwimveliso (okwenzileyo).
Usebenza njani umgodi weBitcoin?
I-Blockchain yinethiwekhi yontanga-ntanga eye yadunyiswa ngokukhuseleka kakhulu kunye nokungafihli, kwaye ngoko ke ithembekile. Oku kungenxa yokuba iirekhodi kuthungelwano lwe-blockchain zikhuselwe kusetyenziswa izitampu zexesha kunye nemisebenzi ye-cryptographic hash ngendlela ephantse ibe nzima kwaye ithintele ukutshintsha intengiselwano emva kokuba irekhodwe kwileja. Ukungabikho kolawulo oluphakathi luyisiseko kukhuseleko lwe-blockchain.
Nantsi yonke into oyifunayo ukuze ukwazi ukuqala i-Bitcoin mining.
Izinto ezisisiseko zentengiselwano yeBitcoin
Amacandelo amathathu abandakanyekayo xa kuqaliswa ukuthengiselana kwinethiwekhi yeBitcoin:
- Igalelo lentengiselwano
- Isiphumo sesivumelwano
- Isixa sentengiselwano
Inkqubo yemigodi ye-Bitcoin ivelisa ingxaki entsha ye-cryptographic hash kwigalelo ngalinye lentengiselwano enzima ukuyicacisa. Inkqubo ke idala umthi we-Merkle ngokusekelwe kwinani leentengiselwano eziyimfuneko ukwenza ibhloko.
SHA-256 Algo & The Merkle Tree
Umthi we-hashi, owaziwa ngokuba ngumthi we-Merkle, ngumthi apho i-algorithm ye-hash yebhloko yedatha ibhalwe kuyo yonke indawo yegqabi kunye ne-algorithm ye-hash yeeleyibhile zeendawo zomntwana zibhalwe kuzo zonke iindawo ezingamagqabi. Umthi we-Merkle sisakhiwo sedatha esisebenza njengesishwankathelo sazo zonke iintengiselwano ngaphakathi kwebhloko.
Ii-hashes zentengiselwano zomntu ngamnye ezikwabizwa ngokuba zii-ID zentengiselwano, zinxulunyaniswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kumthi we-Merkle usebenzisa ubuchule be-SHA-256 de i-hashi enye ichonge umthi wonke. Le hashi ibizwa ngokuba yingcambu yeMerkle okanye ingcambu yehashi. Umthi we-Merkle uvumela inethiwekhi yeBitcoin ukuba iqinisekise ngokukhawuleza ukuthengiselana.
Iimpawu zeHash zibandakanya:
Ukwahluka: naluphi na uhlengahlengiso kwigalelo lihlala likhokelela kwi-hash eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo (engalindelekanga). Ukuyibeka ngenye indlela, iiseti zedatha ezimbini ezahlukeneyo azikwazi ukuvelisa i-hash efanayo.
Ukumisela: igalelo elifanayo livelisa ihashi efanayo ngexesha ngalinye.
Ayinakulungiswa: I-hash iveliswa kwicala elinye, oku kuthetha ukuba umtya wokuqala awunakuthatyathwa kwi-hash.
Ubungakanani bemveliso rhoqo: kungakhathaliseki ubungakanani bedatha yemvelaphi, indlela efanayo iya kuhlala idala ubude obufanayo be-hash.
Vala okubhalwe ngasentla kwekhasi
Iheader yebhloko igcina ingcambu yeMerkle, eyisiphawuli somthi weMerkle. I-header yebhloko ibonelela ngolwazi lwebhloko kwaye iquka la macandelo alandelayo:
- Inombolo yenguqulo yesoftware yeBitcoin
- I-hash yebhloko eyandulelayo
- Iingcambu ze-Merkle (ingcambu yehashi)
- I-Cryptographic nonce ngexesha elithile
- Abavukuzi baya kusebenzisa le datha ukuxazulula ingxaki ye-hash kunye nokongeza i-block transaction.
Ukusombulula iphazili ye-hash
Abasebenzi basezimayini kufuneka basombulule ingxaki ye-hash ngokubeka i-hash ngaphantsi kwenjongo ethile ngelixa bebambelela kwiimfuno ezinzima. Ithagethi, equlethwe kwi-header, inamba ye-67-digit enquma ubunzima bokumbiwa kwemigodi ngokusekelwe kwinani labavukuzi abazama ukucombulula umsebenzi we-hash.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba obu bunzima buyohluka emva kwebhloko nganye ka-2016, ngokusekelwe ekubeni abasebenzi basezimayini bathatha ixesha elingakanani ukusombulula iequation kwiibhloko zangaphambili zika-2016. Oku kukwanceda ekugcineni ireyithi yokufaka intengiselwano kwi-blockchain ngemizuzu eyi-10.
Abavukuzi baya kuzama ukusombulula ingxaki ye-hash ngokuqhubekayo ngokudibanisa i-nonce kwi-block header de ixabiso le-hash elenziwe lingaphantsi kwethagethi. Xa umatshini wezimayini usombulula ingxaki, ibhloko entsha iveliswa ngempumelelo kwaye iqinisekisiwe kwinethiwekhi yeBitcoin xa ii-nodes zifikelela kwimvumelwano. Xa ibhloko iqinisekisiwe, ukuthengiselana kwayo kuqinisekisiwe, kwaye ibhloko yongezwa kwikhonkco. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, oku kwenzeka rhoqo ngemizuzu eli-10.
Izinto ezifunekayo kwi-Bitcoin yemigodi
Umvukuzi weBitcoin uya kuqala akhethe kwaye amise izixhobo zabo zorhwebo.
- I-GPU (iyunithi yokusetyenzwa kwemizobo) ihardware, i-SSD yemigodi ye-crypto, okanye i-ASIC (i-application-specific integrated circuit)
- Isipaji sokugcina
- Isoftware yezemigodi
- Idama lemigodi olithandayo (ukuba umntu ukhetha ukhetho lwemigodi ye-pool endaweni yokwemba yedwa)
Xa zonke zisendaweni kwaye inkqubo ivuliwe, iqala ukumba imigodi ngokwayo. Nakuphi na okunye ukusebenzisana kwabantu kwenzeka kuphela kwimeko yenkqubo okanye ukungaphumeleli kwenethiwekhi, ukuphuma kombane, okanye ukugcinwa kwenkqubo yesiqhelo.
Makhe sixoxe zonke iimfuno ngokweenkcukacha.
Inkqubo yemigodi iyafuneka ukuze ube ngumgodi weBitcoin. Ungathenga ukuseta okwakhelwe ngaphambili. Zisenokubiza kakhulu kunezixhobo zemigodi ezakhiwe ngokwesiqhelo. Yonke inkqubo yemigodi inokuba nengxolo egqithisileyo, yenze ubushushu obuninzi, kwaye kufuneka iqhube iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisixhenxe ngeveki. Ukusebenza kwishishini lezimayini zeBitcoin yindawo enzima kakhulu.
Ukuphuhlisa ukuseta imigodi kufana nokwakha ikhompyutha yokudlala. Ukuba uzakhele ngokwakho, usenokuba uqhelene nendlela yokugcina kunye nenkonzo ye-hardware kwimeko apho kukho into engahambi kakuhle. Ukuba awunalo ixesha lokwenza enye, ungasoloko uthenga esele yakhiwe.
Yakhelwe kwangaphambili iirigs zemigodi inokuba nobuninzi bee-GPU ezimbini, kodwa iirigi ezakhiwe ngokwesiko zinokuba nee-GPU ezininzi. Isixhobo semigodi, nokuba sitsha okanye sisetyenzisiwe, sixabisa amawaka ambalwa eedola. Ukuthenga i-rig ye-mining esetyenzisiweyo iya kukunika i-GPU esele igugile kwaye inobomi obulinganiselweyo.
Ukuqala, i-rig ifuna kuphela inkqubo esisiseko yeWindows kunye nesoftware ethile yezemigodi. Emva kokuba wenze isigqibo ngetyala lokuseta imigodi yakho, ungaqala ukuthengela i-motherboard. Kwi-rig yakho yemigodi, awudingi i-motherboard ephezulu. Eyona njongo iphambili kukukwazi ukuxhasa elona nani likhulu leeGPUs ezinokwenzeka.
Ezi MOBO kufuneka zikwazi ukulungelelaniswa nazo. Ujonge kwi-Asus, MSI, kunye neGigabyte motherboards. Emva kokuba ufumene la macandelo, lixesha lokukhetha i-CPU. Umntu wangoku multi-core CPU kunye 4-8 GB RAM Iyafuneka. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ugqithise i-CPU ukuze ufumane ukusebenza okuphezulu ngeendleko zozinzo. I-Intel's entry-level CPUs, njengeCeleron okanye iPentium, iya kwanela.
Ukuseta imigodi kufuna ubuncinane unikezelo lwamandla lwe-1000W kwaye uqhagamshelo lwe-intanethi oluthembekileyo. Ngenxa yokuba ezi nkqubo zemigodi zisebenza kwimithwalo ephezulu kwiiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisixhenxe ngeveki, umbane olinganiswe ngegolide uyafuneka. Oku kunamandla okunyusa kakhulu iindleko zamandla! Ungaqhagamshela izixhobo ezimbini zombane ukwenza inkqubo enkulu yemigodi.
Unokonga imali kwindawo yokugcina kunye ne-RAM emva kwazo zonke ii-GPU ezixabisa kakhulu kunye nombane onamandla. KwiPC yeWindows, i-RAM ye-8GB iyacetyiswa; nangona kunjalo, i-RAM ye-4GB iya kwenza. Khumbula ukuba ukuba unemilinganiselo ephantsi yamandla okanye izinto ezisecaleni, unokuvele ubeke inkqubo yemigodi ngeendleko ezincinci okanye ungabizizongezelelekileyo ngaphandle kokwaphula ibhanki.
Kufuneka kwakhona ucinge ngobunzima bokumbiwa kwemigodi ibhloko yeBitcoin kwindawo yanamhlanje. Ukuba yonke into ihamba njengoko bekucwangcisiwe, unokuqalisa ukwenza imali emva kweenyanga ezi-7-8. Ungayizama ukuba unayo nayiphi na i-hardware ebekwe ngeenxa zonke!
Iziphumo zokumbiwa kweBitcoin kwindalo esingqongileyo
Imigodi yeBitcoin ifuna malunga ne-91 terawatt-iiyure zamandla ngonyaka ngamnye. Ikwangaphezulu kokuphindwe kasixhenxe kumthamo wamandla asetyenziswa yiyo yonke imisebenzi kaGoogle yehlabathi.
Ehlabathini jikelele, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla eBitcoin kuneziphumo ezibi kakhulu kutshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokuhlangabezana neenjongo zeSivumelwano saseParis kuba iguqulela kuqikelelo lwe-22 ukuya kwi-22.9 yeetoni zemetric ze-CO2 ngonyaka-elingana nokukhutshwa kwe-CO2 ukusuka kusetyenziso lwamandla kwi-2.6 ukuya kwi-2.7 yezigidigidi zamakhaya. ngonyaka.
Ngokutsho kolunye uhlalutyo, i-Bitcoin inokubangela ukuba ubushushu behlabathi bugqithe kwi-2°C. Ngokolunye uqikelelo, imigodi ye-Bitcoin e-China iyodwa inokukhupha i-130 yezigidi zeetoni zeemetric ze-CO2 ngo-2024. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba imigodi eyongezelelekileyo ifudukela e-United States nakwezinye izizwe, eli nani linokuba phezulu kakhulu ngaphandle kokuba kuqeshwe amandla amaninzi ahlaziyekayo.
Ukulunga
- Iintengiselwano zibucala kwaye zikhuselekile ngamaxesha onke, kunye neentlawulo ezimbalwa ezinokubakho. Nje ukuba ube neeBitcoins, ungazithumela kuye nabani na, naphi na nangaliphi na ixesha, unciphisa ixesha kunye neendleko ezinokwenzeka zentengiselwano nganye. Ulwazi lomntu siqu olufana negama okanye inombolo yekhadi lokuthenga ngetyala ayiqukwanga kwiintengiselwano, nto leyo enciphisa ingozi yolwazi lomthengi oluthatyathelwe ukuthenga ngobuqhetseba okanye ukubiwa kwesazisi. (Khumbula, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukuze uthenge iBitcoins kutshintshiselwano, kuya kufuneka udibanise iakhawunti yakho yebhanki kuqala.)
- Amandla okuthintela amaziko ezemali emveli okanye oorhulumente abaphakathi. Ukulandela intlekele yezemali kunye nokudodobala okukhulu koqoqosho, abanye abatyali-mali banomdla wokwamkela enye indlela, imali yokwabela amagunya - leyo iphantse ingalawuleki ziibhanki zemveli, ii-arhente ezilawulayo, okanye amanye amaqela esithathu.
- Kukho indawo eninzi yokwandisa. Abanye abatyali-mali abathenga kwaye bagcine imali bakholelwa ukuba njengoko i-Bitcoin ikhula, ukuzithemba okukhulu kunye nokusetyenziswa okubanzi kuya kulandela, ukwandisa ixabiso lemali.
Ingxaki
- Iinkxalabo malunga nokuqhekezwa Ngelixa abaxhasi bebanga ukuba itekhnoloji yebhloko ephantsi kweBitcoin ikhuseleke ngakumbi kunokudluliselwa kwemali ye-elektroniki yesiqhelo, iiwallet ezishushu zeBitcoin zibonakalise ukuba zijolise ekuhendweni kubageli. Inani lolwaphulo-mthetho oluphezulu lwenzekile, njengengxelo ngoMeyi ka-2019 yokuba ngaphezulu kwe-40 yezigidi zeedola kwi-Bitcoin yabiwa kwii-akhawunti ezininzi zexabiso eliphezulu kwi-cryptocurrency exchange Binance (inkampani igubungele ilahleko).
- IiBitcoins okwangoku zamkelwe kuphela linani elincinci labathengisi be-intanethi. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukuthembela kuphela kwiBitcoins njengemali. Oorhulumente banokude banyanzelise abathengisi ukuba bangazamkeli iiBitcoins ukuze baqinisekise ukuba ukuthengiselana kwabasebenzisi kunokulandelelwa.
isiphelo
Imigodi yeBitcoin yinkqubo entsonkothileyo efuna ukusombulula ii-algorithms ezinzima. Ukuba ufuna ukuqalisa imigodi yeBitcoins, kuya kufuneka utyale imali kwihardware kunye neemfuno zamandla. Isenokukuthatha iinyanga ukuqalisa ukwenza imali. Nangona kunjalo, kamva imbuyekezo inokuba yinto engakholelekiyo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba inqaku likwazi ukuphendula yonke imibuzo enxulumene nemibuzo yakho malunga nemigodi yeBitcoin. Yabelana ngeengcinga zakho kwizimvo.
Shiya iMpendulo