Uluhlu lwemiyalelo okanye iziqinisekiso zibizwa ngokuba yinkqubo. Ubume benkqubo yeC ++ yenziwe ngezi nkcazo. Kuyenzeka ukwenza ii-apps ezisebenza ngokuphezulu usebenzisa ulwimi lwenkqubo lwenjongo jikelele C++.
Iiklasi, izinto, iindlela, kunye neenguqu zemizekelo zimbalwa zezixhobo ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ukubhala ikhowudi ye-C ++.
Ukubonelela ngeempawu ze Inkqubo ejolise kwinto iparadigm, inkqubo yeC++ isekwe kuC.
Ngaphandle kokuxhasa amanqaku amaninzi, i-C++ ayijoli ngokupheleleyo ulwimi lwenkqubo.
Amaqumrhu ehlabathi lokwenyani acingelwa njengezinto ezikwinkqubo ejolise kwinto. Uphuhliso kunye nokugcinwa kwekhowudi kwenziwa lula.
Iimpawu ezijolise kwizinto zeC ++ zenza kube lula ukwakha kunye nokuyila ikhowudi ephucukileyo.
Ukongezelela, ulwakhiwo lwenkqubo ye-C ++ lwahlulwe lwaba licandelo lamathala eencwadi asemgangathweni, imisebenzi ephambili, kunye necandelo lomzimba.
Ngaloo ndlela, esi sithuba siya kusenza sibe nokuqonda kakuhle kwesakhiwo seprogram yeC ++.
Ulwakhiwo lweNkqubo yeC ++
Inkqubo ye-C ++ ihlelwe ngendlela ekhethekileyo kwaye eyahlukileyo. Inkqubo kwi-C++ yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu alandelayo:
- ICandelo lamaThala eencwadi asemgangathweni
- Umsebenzi oyintloko
- ICandelo loMzimba
Makhe sihlolisise ukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo ye-Molo World njengomzekelo:
ICandelo lamaThala eencwadi asemgangathweni
Inkqubo isoloko iqulethe ulwakhiwo lweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa imisebenzi eyakhelweyo, iiklasi, amagama angundoqo, i-constants, abaqhubi, kunye nokunye okuchazwe kwangaphambili kwilayibrari ye-C ++ eqhelekileyo.
Isihloko esifanelekileyo kufuneka sinikwe kwisicelo ukuze kusetyenziswe amacandelo achazwe kwangaphambili. Ukongezelela, iiheader eziqhelekileyo zibonelela ngeenkcukacha ezifana nohlobo lwedatha yesigxina, iprototype, inkcazo, kunye nokubuyisela uhlobo lwemisebenzi yethala leencwadi, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
Umyalelo okhethekileyo wangaphambi komprosesa owaziwa ngokuba #bandakanya iikopi kwaye uncamathisele okubhaliweyo kwefayile epheleleyo enikezelwe kwizibiyeli ze-engile kwikhowudi yemvelaphi.
Igalelo-imveliso imisinga ifinyeziwe njenge "iostream" kwaye yifayile eqhelekileyo ekufuneka iqukwe kumqokeleli weC++. Igalelo lomsebenzisi kunye neekhowudi zokubonisa ziqulethwe kulo myalelo.
IKomiti yeMigangatho ye-C++ yenze uphuculo oluninzi kwi-C++ ukususela ekusekweni kolwimi. Uphawu olutsha olufaniswayo kolu lwimi yi-Namespace.
Yenza ukudibanisa izinto ezininzi phantsi kwegama elinye, kuquka iiklasi, izinto, imisebenzi, kunye nezinye iimpawu zeC ++.
Izithuba ezahlukeneyo zamagama zingenziwa ngabasebenzisi abohlukeneyo. Bangasebenzisa amagama kumaziko afanayo ngenxa yoko.
Ngokwenza oku, impazamo yexesha lokuqokelela eliziswe ngongquzulwano olufana namagama luya kuphetshwa.
Amaqumrhu ethala leencwadi alungelelaniswe ngokutsha yiKomiti yeMigangatho ye-C++ phantsi kwe-namespace std.
Kuwo onke amagama kwiseti ethile, isithuba segama sisimaphambili esisetyenziswayo. Kule sicelo, amagama amabini-cout kunye ne-endl-achazwe kwifayile ye-iostream.
Umsebenzi oyintloko
Umsebenzi wokuqalisa obizwa ngokuba ngundoqo () uqalisa uphumezo lwenkqubo ye-C++. Umsebenzi oyintloko usebenza njengesiseko sayo nayiphi na inkqubo ye-C ++. Yonke ingxelo ye-C++ ekufuneka iqhutywe ibhaliwe kumsebenzi oyintloko ( ).
Yonke imiyalelo efakwe kwi-curly braces yokuvula kunye nokuvala "ejikeleze umzimba oyintloko wekhowudi iqhutywe ngumqambi ().
Inkqubo iphelile kwaye ixabiso libuyiselwa kwinkqubo yokusebenza ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba yonke imiyalelo engundoqo () igqitywe.
Kwi-C++, eyona () inika inkqubo yokusebenza ixabiso le-int. Ngenxa yoko, ingxelo ye-0 kufuneka ifike ekupheleni kweyona nto iphambili (). Ukubuyisela ixabiso le-0 kunye ne-non-zero libonisa impumelelo kunye nokungaphumeleli, ngokulandelanayo.
{ibonisa isiqalo sebhloko yekhowudi kwaye } ichaza isiphelo sayo.
Xa isoftwe yakho iqhutywa yikhompyuter, inkqubo yokusebenza iwubiza lo msebenzi.
ICandelo loMzimba
Imveliso yomlinganiswa ibhekiswa kwi-acronym cout, ebonisa nantoni na ebandakanyiweyo phakathi kwe << izibiyeli.
Xa idibene ne-keyword cout, iimpawu << zinokusebenza njengemisebenzi ngokunjalo.
Inkqubo iyalelwe ukuba ibuyisele ixabiso kumsebenzi int main usebenzisa igama elingundoqo lokubuyisela.
Icandelo lenkqubo yokusebenza eliqale esi sicelo lifumana kwakhona ulawulo lophumezo emva kwengxelo yokubuyisela.
Ikhowudi iyayeka ukusebenza ngeli xesha.
izimvo
Umqambi akayihoyi imigca emithathu yokuqala yale nkqubo ingentla kuba ingamagqabantshintshi. Inkqubo iqulethe amagqabaza ukuze ifundeke ngakumbi.
Ukuba amagqabantshintshi amancinane ngokwaneleyo ukuba angangena kumgca omnye, andulelwa ngolandelelwano lwe-slash oluphindwe kabini kumgca wokuqala weprogram.
Ukuba uluvo lunemigca emininzi, yahlulwe ngabalinganiswa /* kunye */.
Iimpawu zeC ++
- Ukuphucula ulawulo lwememori, ungasebenzisa iC++ entsha kwaye ucime abaqhubi ukwaba imemori ngokuguquguqukayo ngelixa inkqubo isebenza.
- Iingqikelelo ze-OOP ezibalaseleyo ezifana ne-Abstraction, iLifa, i-Ecapsulation, kunye neLifa linokusetyenziswa kwi-C ++ izicelo ukususela ekubeni i-C ++ inikezela ngeempawu zeprogram ezijoliswe kwinto. Ezi mpawu zenza uphuhliso Ikhowudi ye-C ++ ilula kakhulu.
- Ekubeni uninzi lwabahlanganisi be-C++ bethobela i-ANSI, i-C++ iyaphatheka kuba iinkqubo ezibhalelwe enye inkqubo yokusebenza zinokusebenza ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kwenye.
- Kwi-C ++, sinemisebenzi eyenza kube lula ukubola umba kwiinqununu ezilawulekayo zekhowudi kwaye uququzelele inkqubo ngendlela yokuphucula ukufundeka kunye nokusebenziseka kwakhona.
- Ukwabiwa kwememori eguquguqukayo kuxhaswa nguC ++. Imemori eyabelwe yona inokuhlala ikhululiwe. Ukongeza kwi-C ++, olu lwimi lukwabonelela ngezicwangciso zokulawula imemori eguqukayo.
- Njengoko amaxesha ayo okuqokelela kunye nokuphunyezwa amafutshane, i-C ++ lulwimi olukhawulezayo. Ikwabonelela ngokhetho olukhulu lweefomathi zedatha ezahlukeneyo, imisebenzi, kunye nabaqhubi.
- Iiplatforms ziyahluka xa kuziwa kwi-C ++. Xa sele ndiyithethile loo nto, izicelo ze-C++ zinokusebenza kwiikhompyuter ezininzi ngaphandle kokuguqulwa okuncinci.
Igqityiwe inkqubo ye-C++
Nantsi inkqubo yeC ++ ethe ngqo eya kukuvumela ukuba wongeze amanani amabini kwaye ubambe ngokupheleleyo ubume bawo.
Shiya iMpendulo