I-AI ikuyo yonke indawo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba ngumngeni ukuqonda isigama kunye nejargon. Kule post blog, sichaza phezu 50 AI amagama kunye neenkcazo ukuze ukwazi ukwenza ingqiqo ngakumbi le teknoloji ikhula ngokukhawuleza.
Nokuba ungumqali okanye uyingcaphephe, sibheja kukho imigaqo embalwa apha ongayaziyo!
1. Kukubhadla okungeyonyani
Kukubhadla okungeyonyani (AI) ibhekisa kuphuhliso lweenkqubo zekhompyutha ezikwaziyo ukufunda nokusebenza ngokuzimeleyo, amaxesha amaninzi ngokuxelisa ubulumko bomntu.
Ezi nkqubo zihlalutya idatha, ziqaphele iipateni, zenze izigqibo, kwaye zilungelelanise indlela yokuziphatha kwazo ngokusekelwe kumava. Ngokusebenzisa i-algorithms kunye neemodeli, i-AI ijolise ekudaleni oomatshini abakrelekrele abakwaziyo ukubona nokuqonda indawo ebangqongileyo.
Eyona njongo iphambili kukwenza ukuba oomatshini benze imisebenzi ngokufanelekileyo, bafunde kwidatha, kwaye babonise ubuchule bokuqonda obufana nabantu.
2. Umgaqo-nkqubo
I-algorithm iyiseti echanekileyo kunye necwangcisiweyo yemiyalelo okanye imithetho ekhokela inkqubo yokusombulula ingxaki okanye ukufezekisa umsebenzi othile.
Isebenza njengengcinga esisiseko kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo kwaye idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwisayensi yekhompyuter, imathematika, kunye nokusombulula iingxaki. Ukuqonda i-algorithms kubalulekile njengoko zenza iindlela ezisebenzayo nezilungelelanisiweyo zokusombulula iingxaki, ziqhube ukuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji kunye neenkqubo zokwenza izigqibo.
3. Idatha enkulu
Idatha enkulu ibhekisa kwiiseti zedatha ezinkulu kakhulu nezintsonkothileyo ezidlula amandla eendlela zokuhlalutya zemveli. Ezi datha ziphawulwa ngokwevolumu yazo, isantya, kunye nokwahluka kwazo.
Umthamo ubhekisa kwisixa esikhulu sedatha eveliswe kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo efana Imidiya yokuncokola, abenzi boluvo, kunye neentengiselwano.
Isantya sibhekisa kwisantya esiphezulu apho idatha yenziwe khona kwaye kufuneka iqwalaselwe ngexesha lokwenyani okanye kufutshane nexesha lokwenyani. Iintlobo ngeentlobo zibonisa iindidi ngeendidi kunye neefomathi zedatha, kubandakanywa nedatha eyakhiweyo, engacwangciswanga, kunye ne-semi-structured data.
4. Imigodi yolwazi
Ukumbiwa kwedatha yinkqubo ebanzi ejolise ekufumaneni ulwazi oluxabisekileyo kwiiseti zedatha.
Ibandakanya izigaba ezine eziphambili: ukuqokelela idatha, okubandakanya ukuqokelelwa kwedatha efanelekileyo; ukulungiswa kwedatha, ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wedatha kunye nokuhambelana; ukwembiwa kwedatha, kusetyenziswa i-algorithms ukufumanisa iipateni kunye nobudlelwane; kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha kunye nokutolikwa, apho ulwazi olukhutshiweyo luvavanywa kwaye luqondwe.
5. INeural Network
Inkqubo yekhompyuter yenzelwe ukusebenza njenge Ingqondo yomntu, eyenziwe ngamaqhuqhuva adibeneyo okanye i-neurons. Masiqonde oku ngakumbi njengoko uninzi lwe-AI lusekwe kuyo amanethiwekhi.
Kule mizobo ingentla, siqikelela ukufuma kunye nobushushu bendawo ngokwejografi ngokufunda kwipatheni yexesha elidlulileyo. Amagalelo yidathasethi yerekhodi elidlulileyo.
The inethiwekhi ye-neural iyafunda ipateni ngokudlala ngeentsimbi kunye nokusebenzisa amaxabiso e-bias kumaleko afihliweyo. W1, W2….W7 ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Iyaziqeqesha kwidathasethi enikiweyo kwaye inika imveliso njengoqikelelo.
Usenokuba wonganyelwe lolu lwazi lunzima. Ukuba oku kunjalo, ungaqala ngesikhokelo sethu esilula Apha.
6. Ukufunda ngomatshini
Ukufunda ngoomatshini kugxile ekuphuhliseni i-algorithms kunye neemodeli ezikwaziyo ukufunda ngokuzenzekelayo kwidatha kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwazo ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kobuchule beenkcukacha-manani ukwenzela ukuba iikhompyutha zikwazi ukuchonga iipateni, zenze uqikelelo, kwaye zenze izigqibo eziqhutywa ngedatha ngaphandle kokucwangciswa ngokucacileyo.
Ubuchule bokufunda ngomatshini ukuhlalutya nokufunda kwiiseti zedatha ezinkulu, ukuvumela iisistim ukuba zilungelelanise kwaye ziphucule indlela yokuziphatha yazo ngokusekelwe kulwazi abaluqhubayo.
7. Ukufunda nzulu
U kufunda o lukhulu, i-subfield yokufunda koomatshini kunye nothungelwano lwe-neural, lusebenzisa i-algorithms enobunkunkqele ukufumana ulwazi kwidatha ngokufanisa iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zobuchopho bomntu.
Ngokusebenzisa uthungelwano lwe-neural olunemigangatho emininzi efihliweyo, iimodeli zokufunda ezinzulu zinokukhupha ngokuzimeleyo iimpawu ezintsonkothileyo kunye neepateni, ezibenza bakwazi ukujongana nemisebenzi enzima ngokuchaneka okukhethekileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
8. UkuNakana ipateni
Ukuqondwa kwepateni, ubuchule bokuhlalutya idatha, busebenzisa amandla omatshini wokufunda i-algorithms ukufumanisa ngokuzimeleyo kunye nokuqonda iipatheni kunye nokuqhelekileyo ngaphakathi kweeseti zedatha.
Ngokusebenzisa iimodeli zokubala kunye neendlela zobalo, ii-algorithms zokuqaphela iipateni zinokuchonga izakhiwo ezinentsingiselo, ulungelelwaniso, kunye neendlela kwiidatha ezintsonkothileyo nezahlukeneyo.
Le nkqubo yenza kube lula ukutsalwa kokuqonda okuxabisekileyo, ukuhlelwa kwedatha ngokweendidi ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokuqikelelwa kweziphumo zexesha elizayo ngokusekelwe kwiipateni ezaziwayo. Ukuqondwa kwepateni sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kuyo yonke imimandla eyahlukeneyo, ukuxhobisa ukwenza izigqibo, ubhaqo olungaqhelekanga, kunye nemodeli eqikelelweyo.
Ibhayometriki ngomnye umzekelo woku. Ngokomzekelo, ekuqaphelisweni kweminwe, i-algorithm ihlalutya i-ridges, i-curves, kunye neempawu ezizodwa zomnwe womntu ukwenza umboniso wedijithali obizwa ngokuba yitemplate.
Xa uzama ukuvula i-smartphone yakho okanye ukufikelela kwindawo ekhuselekileyo, inkqubo yokuqaphela ipateni ithelekisa idatha yebhayometriki efakiweyo (umzekelo, iminwe) kunye neetemplates ezigciniweyo kuvimba wayo wedatha.
Ngokuthelekisa iipateni kunye nokuvavanya umgangatho wokufana, inkqubo inokugqiba ukuba idatha ye-biometric ebonelelweyo ihambelana netemplate egciniweyo kwaye inike ufikelelo ngokufanelekileyo.
9. IsiFundo esiLawulwayo
Ukufunda okugadiweyo yindlela yokufunda ngomatshini ebandakanya ukuqeqesha inkqubo yekhompyutha isebenzisa idatha ebhaliweyo. Kule ndlela, ikhomputha ibonelelwa ngeseti yedatha yegalelo kunye neelebhile ezihambelanayo ezaziwayo okanye iziphumo.
Masithi unemifanekiso eliqela, eminye inezinja kwaye eminye ineekati.
Uxelela ikhompyutha ukuba yeyiphi imifanekiso enezinja kwaye yeyiphi enekati. Emva koko ikhompyutha ifunda ukubona umahluko phakathi kwezinja neekati ngokufumana iipateni kwimifanekiso.
Emva kokuba ifundile, unokunika ikhompyutha imifanekiso emitsha, kwaye iya kuzama ukufumanisa ukuba zinezinja okanye iikati ngokusekelwe kwinto eyifundileyo kwimizekelo ebhaliweyo. Kufana nokuqeqesha ikhompyutha ukwenza uqikelelo usebenzisa ulwazi olwaziwayo.
10. Ukufunda okungajongwanga
Ukufunda okungajongwanga luhlobo lokufunda koomatshini apho ikhomputha iphonononga iseti yedatha ngokwayo ukufumana iipatheni okanye ukufana ngaphandle kwemiyalelo ethile.
Ayixhomekekanga kwimizekelo enelebhile njengakwimfundo ebekwe esweni. Endaweni yoko, ijonga izakhiwo ezifihliweyo okanye amaqela kwidatha. Kufana nokuba ikhompyuter izifumanela izinto ngokwayo, ngaphandle komfundisi-ntsapho oyixelelayo ukuba ijonge ntoni.
Olu hlobo lokufunda lusinceda sifumane iimbono ezintsha, silungelelanise idatha, okanye sichonge izinto ezingaqhelekanga ngaphandle kokufuna ulwazi lwangaphambili okanye isikhokelo esicacileyo.
11. Ukwenziwa koLwimi lweNdalo (NLP)
I-Natural Language Processing igxininisa kwindlela iikhompyutha eziqonda ngayo kunye nokusebenzisana nolwimi lwabantu. Inceda iikhomputha ukuba zihlalutye, zitolike, kwaye ziphendule kulwimi lwabantu ngendlela eziva ngokwemvelo kuthi.
I-NLP yinto eyenza ukuba sikwazi ukunxibelelana nabancedisi belizwi, kunye nee-chatbots, kwaye nokuba nee-imeyile zethu zihlelwe ngokuzenzekelayo kwiifolda.
Kubandakanya ukufundisa iikhompyutha ukuqonda intsingiselo yamagama, izivakalisi, kunye neetekisi ezipheleleyo, ukuze zikwazi ukusinceda kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kwaye zenze unxibelelwano lwethu netekhnoloji lube lula ngakumbi.
12. Umbono weKhompyutha
Umbono wekhompyutha bubugcisa obunomdla obuvumela iikhompyutha ukuba zibone kwaye ziqonde imifanekiso kunye neevidiyo, kanye njengokuba thina bantu sisenza ngamehlo ethu. Konke malunga nokufundisa iikhompyuter ukuhlalutya ulwazi olubonakalayo kunye nokwenza intsingiselo yento abayibonayo.
Ngamagama alula, umbono wekhompyuter unceda iikhompyuter ukuba zibone kwaye zitolike ihlabathi elibonakalayo. Ibandakanya imisebenzi efana nokubafundisa ukuchonga izinto ezithile kwimifanekiso, ukuhlela imifanekiso ngokwamacandelo ahlukeneyo, okanye ukwahlula imifanekiso ibe ngamalungu anentsingiselo.
Khawucinge ngemoto eziqhubayo usebenzisa umbono wekhompyutha "ukubona" indlela kunye nayo yonke into ejikelezileyo.
Iyakwazi ukubona ize ilandelele abahambi ngeenyawo, iimpawu zendlela, kunye nezinye iimoto, ibancede bahambe ngendlela ekhuselekileyo. Okanye cinga ngendlela itekhnoloji yokuqonda ubuso obusebenzisa ngayo umbono wekhompyuter ukuvula ii-smartphones zethu okanye ukungqinisisa izazisi zethu ngokuqaphela iimpawu zethu zobuso ezizodwa.
Ikwasetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokucupha ukujonga iindawo ezixineneyo kwaye ubone nayiphi na imisebenzi ekrokrisayo.
Umbono wekhompyuter yitekhnoloji enamandla evula ilizwe lamathuba. Ngokuvumela iikhomputha ukuba zibone kwaye ziqonde ulwazi olubonakalayo, sinokuphuhlisa usetyenziso kunye neenkqubo ezinokubona kwaye zitolike ihlabathi elisingqongileyo, senze ubomi bethu bube lula, bukhuseleke, kwaye busebenze ngakumbi.
13. Ingxoxo
I-chatbot ifana nenkqubo yekhompyutha ekwaziyo ukuthetha nabantu ngendlela ebonakala ngathi yincoko yokwenene yomntu.
Ihlala isetyenziswa kwinkonzo yabathengi kwi-intanethi ukunceda abathengi kwaye bazive ngathi bathetha nomntu, nangona eneneni iyinkqubo esebenza kwikhompyuter.
I-chatbot inokuqonda kwaye iphendule imiyalezo okanye imibuzo evela kubathengi, inika ulwazi oluluncedo kunye noncedo njengoko ummeli wenkonzo yabathengi enokwenza.
14. Ukuqatshelwa kwelizwi
Ukuqondwa kwelizwi kubhekiselele kubuchule benkqubo yekhompyutha bokuqonda nokutolika intetho yomntu. Kubandakanya ubugcisa obuvumela ikhompyutha okanye isixhobo sikwazi “ukuphulaphula” amazwi athethwayo size siwaguqulele ekubeni abe ngumbhalo okanye imiyalelo esinokuyiqonda.
kunye ukwamkelwa kwelizwi, unokunxibelelana nezixhobo okanye usetyenziso ngokuthetha nje nazo endaweni yokuchwetheza okanye ukusebenzisa ezinye iindlela zokungenisa.
Inkqubo ihlalutya amagama athethiweyo, iqaphela iipateni kunye nezandi, ize iguqulelwe kwisicatshulwa okanye izenzo eziqondakalayo. Ivumela unxibelelwano olungenazandla kunye nolwendalo ngetekhnoloji, ukwenza imisebenzi efana nemiyalelo yelizwi, ukubiza, okanye ukusebenzisana okulawulwa ngelizwi kunokwenzeka. Imizekelo eqhelekileyo ngabancedisi be-AI abafana noSiri kunye noMncedisi kaGoogle.
15. Uhlalutyo lweemvakalelo
Uhlalutyo lweemvakalelo bubuchule obusetyenziselwa ukuqonda nokutolika iimvakalelo, izimvo, kunye nezimo zengqondo ezivakaliswa kwisicatshulwa okanye kwintetho. Kubandakanya ukuhlalutya ulwimi olubhalwayo okanye oluthethwayo ukuze kuqondwe ukuba uvakalelo oluvakaliswayo lulungile, alukhi okanye luthath’ icala.
Ukusebenzisa i-algorithms yokufunda koomatshini, i-algorithms yokuhlalutya imvakalelo inokuskena kwaye ihlalutye inani elikhulu ledatha yombhalo, njengokuphononongwa kwabathengi, izithuba zemidiya yoluntu, okanye ingxelo yabathengi, ukuchonga uluvo olusisiseko emva kwamagama.
I-algorithms ijonga amagama athile, amabinzana, okanye iipateni ezibonisa iimvakalelo okanye izimvo.
Olu hlahlelo lunceda amashishini okanye abantu ngabanye ukuba baqonde indlela abantu abavakalelwa ngayo ngemveliso, inkonzo, okanye isihloko kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza izigqibo eziqhutywa yidatha okanye ukufumana ulwazi kwizinto ezikhethwa ngabathengi.
Ngokomzekelo, inkampani inokusebenzisa uhlalutyo lweemvakalelo ukulandelela ukwaneliseka kwabathengi, ukuchonga iindawo zokuphucula, okanye ukubeka iliso kwimbono yoluntu malunga nohlobo lwabo.
16. Uguqulo lomatshini
Uguqulelo lomatshini, kumxholo we-AI, lubhekisa kusetyenziso lwe-algorithms yekhompyuter kunye nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa ukuguqulela ngokuzenzekelayo umbhalo okanye intetho ukusuka kolunye ulwimi ukuya kolunye.
Kubandakanya ukufundisa iikhompyutha ukuqonda nokusebenzisa iilwimi zabantu ukuze kubekho iinguqulelo ezichanileyo. Umzekelo oqhelekileyo ngu Isiguquleli sikaGoogle.
Ngoguqulelo lomatshini, ungafaka umbhalo okanye intetho ngolwimi olunye, kwaye inkqubo iya kuhlalutya igalelo kwaye yenze inguqulelo ehambelanayo kolunye ulwimi. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi xa unxibelelana okanye ufikelela kulwazi kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo.
Iinkqubo zokuguqulela ngoomatshini zixhomekeke kwindibaniselwano yemigaqo yolwimi, imifuziselo yamanani, kunye neendlela zokufunda koomatshini. Bafunda kwiinkcukacha ezininzi zolwimi ukuphucula ukuchaneka koguqulo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ezinye iindlela zokuguqulela koomatshini zikwabandakanya uthungelwano lwe-neural ukomeleza umgangatho weenguqulelo.
17. Iirobhothi
Iirobhothi yindibaniselwano yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nobunjineli bomatshini ukwenza oomatshini abakrelekrele ababizwa ngokuba ziirobhothi. Ezi robhothi ziyilelwe ukwenza imisebenzi ngokuzimeleyo okanye ngokungenelela okuncinci komntu.
Iirobhothi ngamaqumrhu aphathekayo anokubona imeko-bume yawo, enze izigqibo ezisekelwe kwelo galelo loluvo, kwaye enze izenzo ezithile okanye imisebenzi ethile.
Zinezixhobo zoluvo ezahlukahlukeneyo, njengeekhamera, imibhobho yesandisi-lizwi, okanye izixhobo zokuchukumisa, ezizivumela ukuba ziqokelele inkcazelo evela kwihlabathi elizingqongileyo. Ngoncedo lwe-AI algorithms kunye neprogram, iirobhothi zinokuhlalutya le datha, zitolike, kwaye zenze izigqibo ezihlakaniphile zokwenza imisebenzi yazo echongiweyo.
I-AI idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiirobhothi ngokwenza iirobhothi zifunde kumava azo kwaye ziziqhelanise neemeko ezahlukeneyo.
Ii-algorithms zokufunda ngoomatshini zinokusetyenziselwa ukuqeqesha iirobhothi ukuze zibone izinto, zijonge imeko, okanye zinxibelelane nabantu. Oku kuvumela iirobhothi ukuba zibe nezinto ezininzi eziguquguqukayo, zibe bhetyebhetye, kwaye zikwazi ukuphatha imisebenzi enzima.
18 Drones
Iidrone luhlobo lwerobhothi ekwazi ukubhabha okanye ukundanda emoyeni ngaphandle komqhubi wenqwelomoya ongumntu. Zikwabizwa ngokuba ziimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamntu (UAVs). Iidrones zixhotyiswe ngezivamvo ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngekhamera, iGPS, kunye negyroscopes, ezivumela ukuba ziqokelele idatha kwaye zijonge indawo ezingqongileyo.
Zilawulwa kude ngumsebenzi womntu okanye zinokusebenza ngokuzimeleyo usebenzisa imiyalelo ecwangcisiweyo kwangaphambili.
Iidrones zisebenza ngeenjongo ezininzi, kubandakanya ukufotwa emoyeni kunye nevidiyo, uphononongo kunye nemephu, iinkonzo zokuhambisa, ukukhangela kunye nokuhlangula, ukubeka iliso kwezolimo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kokuzonwabisa. Banokufikelela kwiindawo ezikude okanye eziyingozi ezinzima okanye eziyingozi ebantwini.
19. Inyaniso eqinisekisiweyo (AR)
Inyani eyongeziweyo (AR) yitekhnoloji edibanisa umhlaba wokwenyani kunye nezinto ezibambekayo okanye ulwazi ukukhulisa umbono wethu kunye nokunxibelelana nokusingqongileyo. Igubungela imifanekiso eyenziwe ngekhompyuter, izandi, okanye amanye amagalelo oluvo kwihlabathi lokwenyani, idala amava antywilisayo kunye nokunxibelelana.
Ukubeka nje, khawufane ucinge unxibe iiglasi ezikhethekileyo okanye usebenzisa i-smartphone yakho ukubona umhlaba okujikelezileyo, kodwa ngezinto ezongezelelekileyo zongeziweyo.
Umzekelo, unokwalatha i-smartphone yakho kwisitalato sesixeko kwaye ubone iimpawu ezibonisa umkhomba-ndlela, ireyithingi, kunye nophononongo lweendawo zokutyela ezikufutshane okanye abalinganiswa ababambekayo abanxibelelana nendawo yokwenyani.
Ezi zinto zibonakalayo zihlangana ngokugqibeleleyo nehlabathi lokwenyani, zikhulisa ukuqonda kwakho kunye namava okungqongileyo. Inyani eyongeziweyo ingasetyenziswa kumacandelo ahlukeneyo afana nemidlalo, imfundo, ulwakhiwo, kunye nemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla efana nokuhamba okanye ukuzama ifenitshala entsha kwikhaya lakho ngaphambi kokuba uyithenge.
20. Eyona nyaniso (VR)
Ubunyani obubonakalayo (VR) bubuchwephesha obusebenzisa ukulinganisa okwenziwe ngekhompuyutha ukudala indawo eyenziwe ngumntu enokuhlola kunye nokusebenzisana nayo. Intywilisela umsebenzisi kwihlabathi lenyani, ivalela ngaphandle kwelizwe lokwenyani kwaye endaweni yalo ngendawo yedijithali.
Ukubeka nje, khawufane ucinge ngokubeka i-headset ekhethekileyo evala amehlo kunye neendlebe zakho kwaye ikuse kwindawo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Kweli hlabathi lenyani, yonke into oyibonayo kwaye uyivayo ivakala iyinyani ngendlela emangalisayo, nangona yonke yenziwe yikhompyuter.
Ungajikeleza, ujonge kulo naliphi na icala, kwaye usebenzisane nezinto okanye abalinganiswa ngokungathi bekhona ngokwasemzimbeni.
Umzekelo, kumdlalo wenyani wenyani, ungazifumana ungaphakathi kwinqaba yamaxesha aphakathi, apho unokuhamba kwiipaseji zayo, uthathe izixhobo, kwaye uzibandakanye kumlo wamakrele kunye nabachasi bokwenene. Imekobume yenyani yenyani iphendula kwiintshukumo zakho kunye nezenzo, ikwenza uzive untywiliselwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye uzibandakanye kumava.
Inyani eyinyani ayisetyenziswa kuphela kumdlalo kodwa ikwasetyenziselwa ezinye iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokulinganisa ukuqeqeshwa kubaqhubi beenqwelomoya, oogqirha botyando, okanye abasebenzi basemkhosini, uhambo loyilo, ukhenketho lwenyani, kunye nonyango lweemeko ezithile zengqondo. Idala imvakalelo yobukho kwaye ithutha abasebenzisi kwihlabathi elitsha nelinomdla, okwenza amava azive esondele kwinyani kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
21. INzululwazi yeDatha
I nzu lulwazi yintsimi ebandakanya ukusebenzisa iindlela zenzululwazi, izixhobo, kunye ne-algorithms ukukhupha ulwazi oluxabisekileyo kunye nokuqonda kwidatha. Idibanisa izinto zemathematika, izibalo, inkqubo, kunye nobuchule besizinda ukuhlalutya iiseti zedatha ezinkulu nezintsonkothileyo.
Ngamagama alula, inzululwazi yedatha imalunga nokufumana ulwazi olunentsingiselo kunye neepateni ezifihliweyo phakathi kwedatha eninzi. Kubandakanya ukuqokelela, ukucoca, kunye nokulungelelanisa idatha, emva koko usebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuyiphonononga kunye nokuyihlalutya. Iinkcukacha zesayensi sebenzisa iimodeli zamanani kunye ne-algorithms ukutyhila iintsingiselo, ukwenza uqikelelo, kunye nokusombulula iingxaki.
Ngokomzekelo, kwinkalo yokhathalelo lwempilo, inzululwazi yedatha ingasetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya iirekhodi zesigulane kunye nedatha yezonyango ukuchonga imiba yengozi yezifo, ukuqikelela iziphumo zesigulane, okanye ukwandisa izicwangciso zonyango. Kwishishini, isayensi yedatha ingasetyenziswa kwidatha yabathengi ukuqonda izinto abazithandayo, ukucebisa iimveliso, okanye ukuphucula izicwangciso zokuthengisa.
22. Ukungqubana kweDatha
Ukungqubana kwedatha, okwakwaziwa ngokuba yi-data munging, yinkqubo yokuqokelela, ukucocwa, kunye nokuguqula idatha ekrwada ibe yifomathi eluncedo ngakumbi nelungele ukuhlalutya. Kubandakanya ukuphatha kunye nokulungiselela idatha ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wayo, ukuhambelana, kunye nokuhambelana nezixhobo zokuhlalutya okanye iimodeli.
Ngamagama alula, ukuphikisana kwedatha kufana nokulungiselela izithako zokupheka. Kubandakanya ukuqokelela idatha kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, ukuyilungisa, kunye nokuyicoca ukuze kususwe naziphi na iimpazamo, ukungahambelani, okanye ulwazi olungenamsebenzi.
Ukongeza, idatha inokufuneka iguqulwe, ihlengahlengiswe, okanye idityaniswe ukuze kube lula ukusebenza kunye nokukhupha ulwazi kuyo.
Umzekelo, ukuphikisana kwedatha kunokubandakanya ukususa amangeniso aphindwe kabini, ukulungisa amagama angalunganga okanye imiba yokufomatha, ukuphatha amaxabiso angekhoyo, kunye nokuguqula iindidi zedatha. Kusenokubandakanya ukudibanisa okanye ukudibanisa iiseti zedatha ezahlukeneyo kunye, ukwahlula idatha kwiiseti, okanye ukudala izinto ezintsha eziguquguqukayo ngokusekelwe kwidatha ekhoyo.
23. Ukubaliswa kwaBali ngeDatha
Ukubaliswa kwamabali ngedatha bubugcisa bokubonisa idatha ngendlela enyanzelisayo nebandakanyayo yokunxibelelana ngempumelelo ibali okanye umyalezo. Kubandakanya ukusebenzisa ukubonwa kwedatha, amabali, kunye nomxholo wokudlulisa ingqiqo neziphumo ngendlela eqondakalayo nekhumbulekayo kubaphulaphuli.
Ngamagama alula, ukubaliswa kwedatha malunga nokusebenzisa idatha ukubalisa ibali. Igqitha ngaphaya nje kokubonisa amanani kunye neetshathi. Kubandakanya ukuyila ibali elijikeleze idatha, ukusebenzisa izinto ezibonakalayo kunye nobuchule bokubalisa amabali ukuzisa idatha ebomini kwaye iyenze ihambelane nabaphulaphuli.
Umzekelo, endaweni yokubonisa nje itheyibhile yamanani entengiso, ukubaliswa kwamabali edatha kunokubandakanya ukwenza ideshibhodi esebenzisanayo evumela abasebenzisi ukuba baphonononge iindlela zokuthengisa ngokubonakalayo.
Isenokubandakanya ingxelo eqaqambisa iziphumo eziphambili, ichaza izizathu ezisemva kweentsingiselo, kwaye icebise iingcebiso ezinokuthathwa ezisekelwe kwidatha.
24. Ukwenza iziGqibo eziqhutywa yidatha
Ukwenziwa kwezigqibo eziqhutywa yidatha yinkqubo yokwenza ukhetho okanye ukuthatha amanyathelo ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo kunye nokuchazwa kwedatha efanelekileyo. Kubandakanya ukusebenzisa idatha njengesiseko sokukhokela kunye nokuxhasa iinkqubo zokwenza izigqibo kunokuthembela kuphela kwi-intuition okanye isigwebo somntu.
Ngamagama alula, ukwenza izigqibo okuqhutywa yidatha kuthetha ukusebenzisa iinyani kunye nobungqina obuvela kwidatha ukwazisa kunye nokukhokela ukhetho esilwenzayo. Kubandakanya ukuqokelela kunye nokuhlalutya idatha ukuqonda iipateni, iintsingiselo, kunye nobudlelwane kunye nokusebenzisa olo lwazi ukwenza izigqibo ezizisiweyo kunye nokusombulula iingxaki.
Ngokomzekelo, kwimeko yeshishini, ukuthathwa kwezigqibo eziqhutywa yidatha kunokubandakanya ukuhlalutya idatha yokuthengisa, impendulo yabathengi, kunye neendlela zemarike ukumisela isicwangciso esisebenzayo samaxabiso okanye ukuchonga iindawo zokuphucula uphuhliso lwemveliso.
Kukhathalelo lwempilo, kunokubandakanya ukuhlalutya idatha yesigulane ukuze kulungiswe izicwangciso zonyango okanye ukuqikelela iziphumo zesifo.
25. Ichibi leDatha
Ichibi ledatha yindawo esembindini kwaye inomthamo wogcino lwedatha ogcina ubuninzi bedatha kwimo yayo ekrwada nengalungiswanga. Yenzelwe ukubamba uluhlu olubanzi lweentlobo zedatha, iifomathi, kunye nezakhiwo, ezifana ne-structured, i-semi-structured, kunye nedatha engacwangciswanga, ngaphandle kwesidingo se-schemas echazwe kwangaphambili okanye ukuguqulwa kwedatha.
Ngokomzekelo, inkampani inokuqokelela kwaye igcine idatha evela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, njengeelogi zewebhusayithi, ukuthengiselana kwabathengi, i-media media feeds, kunye nezixhobo ze-IoT, echibini ledatha.
Le datha ingasetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngokwenza uhlalutyo oluphambili, ukwenza ii-algorithms zokufunda koomatshini, okanye ukujonga iipateni kunye neendlela zokuziphatha kwabathengi.
26. Indawo yokugcina idatha
Uvimba wedatha yinkqubo yogcino-lwazi olukhethekileyo eyilelwe ngokukodwa ukugcina, ukulungelelanisa, nokuhlalutya izixa ezikhulu zedatha evela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo. Yakhiwe ngendlela exhasa ukufunyanwa kwedatha esebenzayo kunye nemibuzo enzima yohlalutyo.
Isebenza njengendawo yokugcina idatha edibanisa idatha esuka kwiinkqubo zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nogcino-lwazi lwentengiselwano, iinkqubo zeCRM, kunye neminye imithombo yedatha ngaphakathi kwintlangano.
Idatha iyaguqulwa, ihlanjululwe, kwaye ilayishwe kwindawo yokugcina idatha kwifomathi ehleliweyo elungiselelwe iinjongo zokuhlalutya.
27.Intelligence Business (BI)
Ubukrelekrele boshishino bubhekisa kwinkqubo yokuqokelela, ukuhlalutya, kunye nokunikezela ngedatha ngendlela enceda amashishini enze izigqibo ezinolwazi kwaye afumane ukuqonda okubalulekileyo. Kubandakanya ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo, ubugcisa, kunye nobuchule ukuguqula idatha ekrwada ibe lulwazi olunentsingiselo, olunokusetyenzwa.
Umzekelo, inkqubo yengqondo yeshishini inokuhlalutya idatha yokuthengisa ukuchonga ezona mveliso zinengeniso, ukubeka iliso kumanqanaba oluhlu, kunye nokulandelela izinto ezikhethwa ngabathengi.
Inokubonelela ngeenkcukacha zexesha langempela kwiimpawu zokusebenza eziphambili (KPIs) njengengeniso, ukufunyanwa kwabathengi, okanye ukusebenza kwemveliso, ukuvumela amashishini ukuba enze izigqibo eziqhutywa yidatha kwaye athathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukuphucula imisebenzi yawo.
Izixhobo zobuntlola kwishishini zihlala zibandakanya iimpawu ezifana nokubonwa kwedatha, ukubuza nge-ad hoc, kunye nesakhono sokuhlola idatha. Ezi zixhobo zenza abasebenzisi, njenge Abahlalutyi beshishini okanye abaphathi, ukusebenzisana nedatha, ukusika kunye nedayisi, kunye nokuvelisa iingxelo okanye ukubonakaliswa okubonakalayo okugxininisa ukuqonda okubalulekileyo kunye neendlela.
28. Uhlahlelo kwangaphambili
Uhlalutyo oluqikelelweyo luqheliselo lokusebenzisa idatha kunye nobuchule bobalo ukwenza uqikelelo olunolwazi okanye uqikelelo malunga neziganeko okanye iziphumo ezizayo. Ibandakanya ukuhlalutya idatha yembali, ukuchonga iipateni, kunye nolwakhiwo lwemodeli ukucacisa ngakumbi kunye noqikelelo lwexesha elizayo, indlela yokuziphatha, okanye izehlo.
Ijonge ukutyhila ubudlelwane phakathi kwezinto eziguquguqukayo kunye nokusebenzisa olo lwazi ukwenza uqikelelo. Idlulela ngaphaya kokuchaza nje iziganeko ezidluleyo; endaweni yoko, iphakamisa idatha yembali ukuze iqonde kwaye iqikelele into enokwenzeka kwixesha elizayo.
Ngokomzekelo, kwintsimi yezemali, uhlalutyo lokuxela kwangaphambili lunokusetyenziswa ukubikezela impahla amaxabiso asekelwe kwidatha yemarike yembali, izikhombisi zezoqoqosho, kunye nezinye izinto ezifanelekileyo.
Kwintengiso, inokuqeshwa ukuqikelela ukuziphatha kwabathengi kunye nezinto ezikhethwayo, ivumela intengiso ekujoliswe kuyo kunye namaphulo okuthengisa omntu.
Kukhathalelo lwempilo, uhlalutyo oluqikelelweyo lunokunceda ukuchonga izigulane ezisengozini enkulu yezifo ezithile okanye ukuqikelela ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kufundwe kwakhona ngokusekelwe kwimbali yonyango kunye nezinye izinto.
29. Uhlalutyo olumiselweyo
Uhlalutyo olumiselweyo kukusetyenziswa kwedatha kunye ne-analytics ukumisela izenzo ezinokuthi zithathwe kwimeko ethile okanye kwisigqibo sokwenza izigqibo.
Ihamba ngaphaya kokuchaza kwaye Uhlalutyo oluqikelelweyo ngokunganikeli nje ulwazi malunga nokunokwenzeka kwixesha elizayo kodwa nokucebisa eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwenza ukufikelela kwisiphumo esinqwenelekayo.
Idibanisa idatha yembali, iimodeli eziqikelelwayo, kunye nobuchule bokuphucula ukulinganisa iimeko ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuvavanya iziphumo ezinokubakho zezigqibo ezahlukeneyo. Iqwalasela imiqobo emininzi, iinjongo, kunye nezinto zokuvelisa izindululo ezinokuthathwa ezandisa iziphumo ezinqwenelekayo okanye ukunciphisa umngcipheko.
Umzekelo, kwi itsheyini yonikezo ulawulo, uhlalutyo olumiselweyo lunokuhlalutya idatha kumanqanaba e-inventri, amandla okuvelisa, iindleko zokuthutha, kunye nokufunwa kwabathengi ukumisela isicwangciso sokusabalalisa esisebenza kakuhle.
Inokucebisa ulwabiwo olufanelekileyo lwezibonelelo, ezifana neendawo zokugcina iimpahla okanye iindlela zokuhamba, ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwangethuba.
30. Intengiso eqhutywa yidatha
Ukuthengiswa kwedatha kubhekiselele kwindlela yokusebenzisa idatha kunye nohlalutyo lokuqhuba izicwangciso zokuthengisa, imikhankaso kunye neenkqubo zokwenza izigqibo.
Ibandakanya ukusebenzisa imithombo eyahlukeneyo yedatha ukufumana ulwazi malunga nokuziphatha kwabathengi, ukhetho, kunye neendlela kunye nokusebenzisa olo lwazi ukwandisa iinzame zokuthengisa.
Ijolise ekuqokeleleni nasekuhlalutyeni idatha kwii-touchpoints ezininzi, ezifana nokusebenzisana kwewebhusayithi, ukubandakanyeka kweendaba zoluntu, ubuninzi babantu babathengi, imbali yokuthenga, kunye nokunye. Le datha ke isetyenziselwa ukudala ukuqonda okubanzi kwabaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo, ukhetho lwabo, kunye neemfuno zabo.
Ngokusebenzisa idatha, abathengisi banokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nokwahlulwa kwabathengi, ukujolisa, kunye nobuntu.
Bangakwazi ukuchonga amacandelo athile abathengi abanokuthi baphendule ngokufanelekileyo kwimikhankaso yokuthengisa kunye nokulungelelanisa imiyalezo yabo kunye nokubonelela ngokufanelekileyo.
Ukongeza, ukuthengisa okuqhutywa yidatha kunceda ekwandiseni amajelo okuthengisa, ukumisela owona mxube usebenzayo wokuthengisa, kunye nokulinganisa impumelelo yamanyathelo okuthengisa.
Ngokomzekelo, indlela yokuthengisa eqhutywa yidatha inokubandakanya ukuhlalutya idatha yabathengi ukuchonga ukuziphatha kokuthenga kunye neepatheni ezikhethwayo. Ngokusekwe kolu lwazi, abathengisi banokwenza imikhankaso ekujoliswe kuyo enomxholo wobuqu kunye nezibonelelo ezihambelana namacandelo athile abathengi.
Ngokuhlalutya okuqhubekayo kunye nokuphucula, banokulinganisa ukusebenza kwemigudu yabo yokuthengisa kunye nokuphucula izicwangciso ngexesha.
31. Ulawulo lweDatha
Ulawulo lwedatha sisikhokelo kunye neseti yeendlela ezenziwa yimibutho ukuze kuqinisekiswe ulawulo olululo, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuthembeka kwedatha kulo lonke ixesha lokuphila kwayo. Iquka iinkqubo, imigaqo-nkqubo, kunye neenkqubo ezilawula indlela idatha eqokelelwa ngayo, igcinwe, ifikeleleke, isetyenziswe, kwaye kwabelwane ngayo ngaphakathi kwintlangano.
Ijolise ekumiseleni uxanduva lokuphendula, uxanduva, kunye nolawulo kwii-asethi zedatha. Iqinisekisa ukuba idatha ichanekile, iphelele, iyahambelana, kwaye inokuthenjwa, ivumela imibutho ukuba yenze izigqibo ezinolwazi, igcine umgangatho wedatha, kwaye ihlangabezane neemfuno zokulawula.
Ulawulo lwedatha lubandakanya ukucacisa iindima kunye noxanduva lolawulo lwedatha, ukuseka imigangatho yedatha kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo, kunye nokuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zokubeka iliso kunye nokunyanzelisa ukuthotyelwa. Ijongana nemiba eyahlukeneyo yolawulo lwedatha, kubandakanya ubumfihlo bedatha, ukhuseleko lwedatha, umgangatho wedatha, ulwahlulo lwedatha, kunye nolawulo lwedatha yobomi.
Ngokomzekelo, ulawulo lwedatha lunokubandakanya ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zokuqinisekisa ukuba idatha yomntu okanye ebuthathaka iphathwa ngokuthotyelwa kwemigaqo esebenzayo yangasese, njenge-General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).
Isenokubandakanya ukusekwa kwemigangatho yomgangatho wedatha kunye nokuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zokuqinisekisa idatha ukuqinisekisa ukuba idatha ichanekile kwaye inokwethenjelwa.
32. Ukhuseleko lweDatha
Ukhuseleko lwedatha lumalunga nokugcina ulwazi lwethu oluxabisekileyo lukhuselekile ekufikeleleni okungagunyaziswanga okanye kubusela. Kubandakanya ukuthatha amanyathelo okukhusela ubumfihlo bedatha, imfezeko, kunye nokufumaneka.
Ngokusisiseko, kuthetha ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngabantu abalungileyo kuphela abanokufikelela kwidatha yethu, ukuba ihlala ichanekile kwaye ingatshintshwanga, kwaye iyafumaneka xa ifuneka.
Ukufezekisa ukhuseleko lwedatha, izicwangciso ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchwepheshe busetyenziswa. Umzekelo, ulawulo lofikelelo kunye neendlela zofihlo zinceda ukunciphisa ukufikelela kubantu abagunyazisiweyo okanye iinkqubo, okwenza kube nzima kubantu bangaphandle ukufikelela kwiidatha zethu.
Iisistim zokubek'esweni, iindonga zomlilo, kunye neenkqubo zokubona ukungena ngaphakathi zisebenza njengabagadi, zisilumkisa ngemisebenzi ekrokrisayo kunye nokuthintela ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga.
33. I-Intanethi yezinto
I-Intanethi yezinto (IoT) ibhekisa kuthungelwano lwezinto ezibonakalayo okanye "izinto" eziqhagamshelwe kwi-Intanethi kwaye zinokunxibelelana. Kufana newebhu enkulu yezinto zemihla ngemihla, izixhobo, kunye noomatshini abakwaziyo ukwabelana ngolwazi kunye nokwenza imisebenzi ngokunxibelelana nge-intanethi.
Ngamagama alula, i-IoT ibandakanya ukunika amandla “obuchule” kwizinto ezahlukeneyo okanye izixhobo ebezingaqhagamshelwanga kwi-intanethi ngokwesiko. Ezi zinto zinokubandakanya izixhobo zasekhaya, izixhobo ezinxitywayo, iithermostats, iimoto, kunye noomatshini bemizi-mveliso.
Ngokudibanisa ezi zinto kwi-intanethi, banokuqokelela kwaye babelane ngedatha, bafumane imiyalelo, kwaye benze imisebenzi ngokuzimeleyo okanye ngokuphendula imiyalelo yomsebenzisi.
Umzekelo, i-thermostat ehlakaniphile inokubeka iliso kwiqondo lokushisa, ilungise useto, kwaye ithumele iingxelo zokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwi-app ye-smartphone. Umkhondo wokuqina womzimba unokuqokelela idatha kwimisebenzi yakho yomzimba kwaye uyivumelanise neqonga elisekelwe kwilifu lokuhlalutya.
34. Umthi wesigqibo
Umthi wesigqibo ngumboniso obonakalayo okanye umzobo osinceda ukuba senze izigqibo okanye sinqume ikhondo lesenzo esisekelwe kuluhlu lwezinto ezikhethiweyo okanye iimeko.
Ifana neflowutshati esikhokela kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwezigqibo ngokuqwalasela iindlela ezahlukeneyo onokukhetha kuzo kunye neziphumo zazo ezinokubakho.
Khawucinge ukuba unengxaki okanye umbuzo, kwaye kufuneka wenze ukhetho.
Umthi wesigqibo uchitha isigqibo sibe ngamanyathelo amancinci, ukuqala ngombuzo wokuqala kunye nokudibanisa kwiimpendulo ezahlukeneyo okanye izenzo ezisekelwe kwimiqathango okanye imilinganiselo kwinqanaba ngalinye.
35. I-Cognitive Computing
I-cognitive computing, ngamabinzana alula, ibhekisa kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha okanye ubugcisa obulinganisa ubuchule bomntu bokuqonda, njengokufunda, ukuqiqa, ukuqonda kunye nokusombulula iingxaki.
Kubandakanya ukwenza iinkqubo zekhompyutha ezinokusetyenzwa nokutolika inkcazelo ngendlela efana nokucinga komntu.
I-cognitive computing ijolise ekuphuhliseni oomatshini abanokuqonda kunye nokusebenzisana nabantu ngendlela yendalo kunye nengqiqo. Ezi nkqubo ziyilelwe ukuhlalutya izixa ezikhulu zedatha, ukuqaphela iipateni, ukwenza uqikelelo, kunye nokubonelela ngengqiqo enentsingiselo.
Cinga nge-cognitive computing njengelinge lokwenza iikhomputha zicinge kwaye zenze njengabantu.
Ibandakanya itekhnoloji yokukhulisa amandla afana nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa, ukufundwa koomatshini, ukusetyenzwa kolwimi lwendalo, kunye nombono wekhompyuter ukwenza iikhompyuter zenze imisebenzi eyayinxulunyaniswa ngokwemveli nobukrelekrele bomntu.
36. Ithiyori yokuFunda ngeKhompyutha
Ithiyori yokuFundisa ngeKhompyutha lisebe elikhethekileyo ngaphakathi kwendawo yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa ejikeleza uphuhliso kunye novavanyo lwealgorithms eyilelwe ngokukodwa ukufunda kwiidatha.
Lo mmandla uphonononga iindlela ezahlukeneyo zobuchule kunye neendlela zokwenza ii-algorithms ezinokuphucula ngokuzimeleyo ukusebenza kwazo ngokuhlalutya kunye nokusetyenzwa kweemali ezininzi zolwazi.
Ngokusebenzisa amandla edatha, iTheory yeComputational Learning ijolise ekutyhileni iipateni, ubudlelwane, kunye nokuqonda okwenza ukuba oomatshini baphucule amandla abo okwenza izigqibo kwaye benze imisebenzi ngokufanelekileyo.
Eyona njongo iphambili kukwenza ii-algorithms ezinokuthi zilungelelanise, zilungelelanise, kwaye zenze uqikelelo oluchanekileyo olusekelwe kwidatha abaye baboniswa kuyo, igalelo ekuphuculeni ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo okusebenzayo.
37. Uvavanyo lweTuring
Uvavanyo lweTuring, olwacetywa kuqala yingcali yezibalo kunye nesazi sekhompyutha uAlan Turing, ngumbono onomtsalane osetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukuba umatshini ungabonisa indlela yokuziphatha ekrelekrele enokuthelekiseka, okanye engaqondakaliyo kumntu.
Kuvavanyo lweTuring, umvavanyi womntu ubandakanyeka kwincoko yolwimi lwendalo kunye nomatshini kunye nomnye umntu othatha inxaxheba ngaphandle kokwazi ukuba ngubani umatshini.
Indima yomvavanyi kukubona ukuba leliphi iqumrhu elingumatshini elisekelwe kwiimpendulo zabo. Ukuba umatshini unako ukukholisa umvavanyi ukuba ungumlingane womntu, ngoko kuthiwa uphumelele uvavanyo lweTuring, ngaloo ndlela ebonisa inqanaba lobukrelekrele elibonisa amandla afana nomntu.
U-Alan Turing ucebise olu vavanyo njengendlela yokuphonononga ingqikelelo yobukrelekrele bomatshini kunye nokubuza umbuzo wokuba ngaba oomatshini banokufikelela ukuqonda kwinqanaba lomntu.
Ngokuqulunqa uvavanyo ngokwemigaqo yokungacaciswa kwabantu, iTuring iqaqambise amandla okuba oomatshini babonise indlela yokuziphatha ekrelekrele ekholisayo kangangokuba kube nzima ukubahlula ebantwini.
Uvavanyo lweTuring lubangele iingxoxo ezibanzi kunye nophando kwiinkalo zobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nesayensi yokuqonda. Ngelixa ukuphumelela uvavanyo lwe-Turing kuhlala kusisiganeko esibalulekileyo, ayisiyiyo yodwa imilinganiselo yobukrelekrele.
Nangona kunjalo, uvavanyo lusebenza njengebhentshi exhokonxa ingcinga, ekhuthaza iinzame eziqhubekayo zokuphuhlisa oomatshini abakwazi ukulinganisa ubukrelekrele nokuziphatha okufana nomntu kunye negalelo kuphononongo olubanzi lokuba kuthetha ukuthini ukuba krelekrele.
38. Ukomeleza ukufunda
Ukuqinisa ukufunda luhlobo lokufunda olwenzeka ngolingo nangempazamo, apho “i-arhente” (enokuba yinkqubo yekhompyutha okanye irobhothi) ifunda ukwenza imisebenzi ngokufumana umvuzo ngokuziphatha kakuhle nokujongana neziphumo okanye izohlwayo zokuziphatha kakubi.
Yiba nomfanekiso ngqondweni wemeko apho iarhente izama ukugqiba umsebenzi othile, njengokujonga imaze. Ekuqaleni, i-arhente ayiyazi indlela echanekileyo emayithathwe, ngoko izama izenzo ezahlukeneyo kwaye iphonononga iindlela ezahlukeneyo.
Xa ikhetha isenzo esilungileyo esiyisondeza kusukelo, ifumana umvuzo, “njengokumpambatha umva” ngokwenyani. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba yenza isigqibo esibi esikhokelela ekufeni okanye ukusisusa kwinjongo, ifumana isohlwayo okanye ingxelo engalunganga.
Ngale nkqubo yokuzama kunye nephutha, i-arhente ifunda ukudibanisa izenzo ezithile kunye neziphumo ezilungileyo okanye ezimbi. Ibala ngokuthe ngcembe olona landelelwano lulungileyo lwezenzo zokwandisa imivuzo yalo kunye nokunciphisa izohlwayo, ekugqibeleni libe nobuchule ngakumbi emsebenzini.
Ukufunda ukomeleza kutsala impembelelo kwindlela abantu nezilwanyana abafunda ngayo ngokufumana ingxelo evela kokusingqongileyo.
Ngokusebenzisa le ngcamango koomatshini, abaphandi bajolise ekuphuhliseni iinkqubo ezihlakaniphile ezinokufunda kunye nokulungelelanisa kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ngokuzifumanisa ngokuzimeleyo ezona ziphathamandla zisebenzayo ngenkqubo yokomeleza okulungileyo kunye nemiphumo emibi.
39. Ukutsalwa kweQumrhu
Utsalo lwequmrhu lubhekisa kwinkqubo apho sichonga kwaye sikhuphe amasuntswana olwazi abalulekileyo, awaziwa njengamaqumrhu, kwibhloko yokubhaliweyo. La maqumrhu anokuba zizinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana namagama abantu, amagama eendawo, amagama emibutho, njalo njalo.
Masicinge ukuba unomhlathi ochaza inqaku leendaba.
Ukutsalwa kwequmrhu kuya kubandakanya ukuhlalutya isicatshulwa kunye nokukhetha amasuntswana athile amele amacandelo awohlukileyo. Umzekelo, ukuba isicatshulwa sikhankanya igama lomntu ofana no-"John Smith," indawo "iSixeko saseNew York," okanye umbutho "OpenAI," ezi iya kuba ngamaqumrhu esijolise ukuwachonga kunye nokukhupha.
Ngokwenza utsalo lwezinto ezikhoyo, sifundisa inkqubo yekhompyutha ukubona nokwahlula izinto ezibalulekileyo kumbhalo. Le nkqubo isenza sikwazi ukuququzelela kwaye sihlele ulwazi ngokufanelekileyo ngakumbi, okwenza kube lula ukukhangela, ukuhlalutya, kunye nokuzuza ukuqonda kwimiqulu emikhulu yedatha yombhalo.
Lilonke, ukutsalwa kwequmrhu kusinceda ukuba sizenze ngokuzenzekelayo umsebenzi wokuchonga amaziko abalulekileyo, anjengabantu, iindawo, kunye nemibutho, ngaphakathi kokubhaliweyo, ukulungelelanisa ukutsalwa kolwazi oluxabisekileyo kunye nokuphucula amandla ethu okuqhuba nokuqonda idatha yombhalo.
40. Isihlomelo soLwimi
Inkcazo yolwimi ibandakanya ukutyebisa isicatshulwa ngolwazi olongezelelweyo lolwimi ukunyusa ukuqonda kwethu kunye nohlalutyo lolwimi olusetyenzisiweyo. Kufana nokongeza iilebhile eziluncedo okanye iithegi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesicatshulwa.
Xa sisenza isichasiselo solwimi, sidlula ngaphaya kwamagama asisiseko kunye nezivakalisi kwisicatshulwa kwaye siqale ukulebhile okanye ukuphawula izinto ezithile. Umzekelo, sinokongeza iithegi zenxalenye-yentetho, ezibonisa udidi lwegrama yegama ngalinye (njengesibizo, isenzi, isichazi, njl. njl.). Oku kusinceda siqonde indima edlalwa ligama ngalinye kwisivakalisi.
Olunye uhlobo lwesichasiselo solwimi lubizwa ngokuba kukuqondwa kwequmrhu, apho sichonga kwaye sileyibhelishe amaqumrhu athile, njengamagama abantu, iindawo, imibutho, okanye imihla. Oku kusivumela ukuba sifumane ngokukhawuleza kwaye sikhuphe ulwazi olubalulekileyo kwisicatshulwa.
Ngokuchaza isicatshulwa ngezi ndlela, sidala ukumelwa okucwangcisiweyo nokucwangcisiweyo kolwimi. Oku kunokuba luncedo kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, inceda ukuphucula ukuchaneka kweenjini zokukhangela ngokuqonda injongo emva kwemibuzo yabasebenzisi. Ikwanceda kuguqulelo lomatshini, uhlalutyo lweemvakalelo, ukutsalwa kolwazi, kunye neminye imisebenzi emininzi yokulungisa ulwimi lwendalo.
Isichazi-magama solwimi sisebenza njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo kubaphandi, iingcali zeelwimi, kunye nabaphuhlisi, okubenza bakwazi ukufunda iipatheni zolwimi, ukwakha imizekelo yolwimi, kunye nokuphuhlisa ii-algorithms eziphucukileyo ezinokuhlalutya kwaye ziqonde isicatshulwa.
41. I-Hyperparameter
In yokufunda umatshini, i-hyperparameter ifana nesicwangciso esikhethekileyo okanye uqwalaselo ekufuneka sigqibe ngalo ngaphambi kokuqeqesha imodeli. Ayisiyonto imodeli inokufunda ngokwayo kwidatha; endaweni yoko, kufuneka siyimisele kwangaphambili.
Yicinge njengeqhina okanye utshintshe ukuze silungelelanise kakuhle indlela imodeli efunda ngayo kwaye yenza uqikelelo. Ezi hyperparameters zilawula imiba eyahlukeneyo yenkqubo yokufunda, enjengobunzima bemodeli, isantya soqeqesho, kunye norhwebo phakathi kokuchaneka kunye nokudibanisa ngokubanzi.
Umzekelo, makhe sithathele ingqalelo inethiwekhi ye-neural. Enye i-hyperparameter ebalulekileyo linani leeleya kwinethiwekhi. Sifanele sikhethe ukuba sifuna ukuba nzulu kangakanani inethiwekhi, kwaye esi sigqibo sichaphazela amandla ayo okubamba iipatheni ezinzima kwiidatha.
Ezinye ii-hyperparameters eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya izinga lokufunda, elimisela ukuba imodeli ilungisa ngokukhawuleza kangakanani iiparamitha zayo zangaphakathi ngokusekelwe kwidatha yoqeqesho, kunye namandla okulungelelanisa, okulawula ukuba imodeli ihlawulisa kangakanani iipatheni ezinzima ukukhusela ukugqithisa.
Ukuseta ezi hyperparameter ngokuchanekileyo kubalulekile kuba zinokuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kunye nokuziphatha kwemodeli. Ihlala ibandakanya ulingo kunye nempazamo, ukuzama ngamaxabiso ahlukeneyo kunye nokujonga indlela ezichaphazela ngayo ukusebenza kwemodeli kwidatha yokuqinisekisa.
42. Imethadatha
Imethadatha ibhekisa kulwazi olongezelelweyo olunika iinkcukacha malunga nenye idatha. Kufana neseti yeethegi okanye iilebhile ezisinika umongo ngakumbi okanye ukuchaza iimpawu zedatha engundoqo.
Xa sinedatha, nokuba luxwebhu, ifoto, ividiyo, okanye naluphi na olunye uhlobo lolwazi, imetadata isinceda siqonde imiba ebalulekileyo yaloo datha.
Ngokomzekelo, kuxwebhu, imethadatha inokubandakanya iinkcukacha ezifana negama lombhali, umhla ewenziwe ngayo, okanye ifomathi yefayile. Kwimeko yefoto, imetadata inokusixelela indawo ethathwe kuyo, useto lwekhamera esetyenzisiweyo, okanye umhla kunye nexesha ethatyathwe kulo.
I-Metadata isinceda silungelelanise, sikhangele, kwaye sitolike idatha ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokongeza ezi ziqwenga ezichazayo zolwazi, sinokufumana ngokukhawuleza iifayile ezithile okanye siqonde imvelaphi yazo, injongo, okanye umxholo ngaphandle kokumba umxholo wonke.
43. UkuNcitshiswa koMda
Ukucuthwa kobukhulu bubuchule obusetyenziselwa ukwenza lula iseti yedatha ngokunciphisa inani leempawu okanye izinto eziziqulathileyo. Kufana nokunciphisa okanye ukushwankathela ulwazi olukwidathasethi ukuze ulawuleke ngakumbi kwaye kube lula ukusebenza ngayo.
Khawufane ucinge ukuba uneseti yedatha enemihlali emininzi okanye iimpawu ezimele iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zamanqaku edatha. Ikholamu nganye yongeza ubunzima kunye neemfuno zokubala ze-algorithms yokufunda koomatshini.
Kwezinye iimeko, ukuba nenani eliphezulu lemilinganiselo kunokwenza kube nzima ukufumana iipateni ezinentsingiselo okanye ubudlelwane kwidatha.
Ukuncitshiswa kobukhulu kunceda ukulungisa lo mba ngokuguqula idatasethi ibe ngumelo olusezantsi-dimensional ngelixa igcina ulwazi olufanelekileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ijolise ekubambeni eyona miba ibalulekileyo okanye ukwahluka kwedatha ngelixa ulahla imilinganiselo engafunekiyo okanye engaphantsi kolwazi.
44. Ukuhlelwa kweetekisi
Ukuhlelwa kombhalo yinkqubo ebandakanya ukwabela iilebhile okanye iindidi ezithile kwiibhloko zombhalo ngokusekelwe kumxholo okanye intsingiselo yazo. Kufana nokuhlela okanye ukulungelelanisa ulwazi olubhaliweyo ngokwamaqela okanye iiklasi ezahlukeneyo ukuququzelela uhlalutyo olongezelelweyo okanye ukuthathwa kwezigqibo.
Makhe siqwalasele umzekelo wokuhlelwa kwe-imeyile. Kulo mzekelo, sifuna ukufumanisa ukuba i-imeyile engenayo ngugaxekile okanye ayiyo-spam (ekwaziwa nangokuthi ham). Ukuhlelwa kwesicatshulwa ii-algorithms zihlalutya umxholo we-imeyile kwaye zinike ileyibhile ngokufanelekileyo.
Ukuba i-algorithm imisela ukuba i-imeyile ibonisa iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezinxulumene nogaxekile, inika ileyibhile "spam." Kwelinye icala, ukuba i-imeyile ibonakala isemthethweni kwaye ingeyo-spammy, inika ileyibhile "engeyo-spam" okanye "ham."
Ulwahlulo lokubhaliweyo lufumana izicelo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo ngaphaya kohluzo lwe-imeyile. Isetyenziselwa uhlalutyo lweemvakalelo ukumisela uvakalelo oluvezwe kuphononongo lwabathengi (elungileyo, engalunganga, okanye engathathi hlangothi).
Amanqaku eendaba angahlelwa ngokwezihloko ezahlukeneyo okanye iindidi ezifana nezemidlalo, ezopolitiko, ezolonwabo, nokunye. Iilog zengxoxo zenkxaso yoMthengi zinokuhlelwa ngokusekelwe kwinjongo okanye umba oshukuxwayo.
45. I-AI ebuthathaka
I-AI ebuthathaka, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-AI emxinwa, ibhekisa kwiinkqubo zobuntlola ezenziweyo eziyilwe kwaye zicwangciselwe ukwenza imisebenzi ethile okanye imisebenzi ethile. Ngokungafaniyo nobukrelekrele bomntu, obubandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lwezakhono zokuqonda, i-AI ebuthathaka ilinganiselwe kwisizinda esithile okanye umsebenzi.
Cinga nge-AI ebuthathaka njengesoftware ekhethekileyo okanye oomatshini abagqwesileyo ekwenzeni imisebenzi ethile. Umzekelo, inkqubo ye-AI edlala ichess inokudalwa ukuhlalutya iimeko zomdlalo, icwangcise iintshukumo, kunye nokukhuphisana nabadlali abangabantu.
Omnye umzekelo yinkqubo yokuqaphela imifanekiso enokuchonga izinto kwiifoto okanye kwiividiyo.
Ezi nkqubo ze-AI ziqeqeshiwe kwaye zilungiselelwe ukuba zigqwese kwiinkalo zazo ezithile zobugcisa. Bathembele kwi-algorithms, idatha, kunye nemithetho echazwe kwangaphambili ukuphumeza imisebenzi yabo ngokufanelekileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, abanabo ubukrelekrele ngokubanzi obavumela ukuba baqonde okanye benze imisebenzi engaphandle kwendawo abayityumbileyo.
46. I-AI eyomeleleyo
I-AI eyomeleleyo, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-AI ngokubanzi okanye i-artificial general intelligence (AGI), ibhekisa kuhlobo lobukrelekrele bokwenziwa obunamandla okuqonda, ukufunda, nokwenza nawuphi na umsebenzi wobukrelekrele onokwenziwa ngumntu.
Ngokungafaniyo ne-AI ebuthathaka, eyilelwe imisebenzi ethile, i-AI eyomeleleyo ijolise ekuphindaphindeni ubukrelekrele obunjengobomntu kunye nobuchule bokuqonda. Izama ukwenza oomatshini okanye isoftware engagqwesanga kuphela kwimisebenzi ekhethekileyo kodwa ikwanokuqonda okubanzi kunye nokuguquguquka ukujongana noluhlu olubanzi lwemingeni yobukrelekrele.
Injongo ye-AI eyomeleleyo kukuphuhlisa iinkqubo ezinokuqiqa, ukuqonda ulwazi oluntsonkothileyo, ukufunda kumava, ukubandakanyeka kwiincoko zolwimi lwendalo, ukubonakalisa ubuchule, nokubonisa ezinye iimpawu ezinxulumene nobukrelekrele bomntu.
Ngokwenyani, inqwenela ukwenza iinkqubo ze-AI ezinokulingisa okanye ziphindaphinde ukucinga kwinqanaba lomntu kunye nokusombulula iingxaki kwiindawo ezininzi.
47. UkuQhagamshelwa phambili
Ukuqhubela phambili ikhonkco yindlela yokuqiqa okanye ingqiqo eqala ngedatha ekhoyo kwaye iyisebenzise ukwenza intelekelelo kunye nokwenza izigqibo ezitsha. Kufana nokudibanisa amachaphaza ngokusebenzisa ulwazi olukhoyo ukuze uqhubele phambili kwaye ufikelele kwiimbono ezongezelelweyo.
Khawufane ucinge ukuba unoluhlu lwemithetho okanye izibakala, kwaye ufuna ukufumana ulwazi olutsha okanye ukufikelela kwizigqibo ezithile ezisekelwe kuzo. I-Forward chaining isebenza ngokuphonononga idatha yokuqala kunye nokusebenzisa imithetho enengqiqo ukuvelisa iinyani ezongezelelweyo okanye izigqibo.
Ukwenza lula, makhe siqwalasele imeko elula yokugqiba ukuba yintoni enxibayo ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zemozulu. Unomthetho othi, "Ukuba kuyanetha, yiza neambrela," kunye nomnye umthetho othi "Ukuba kuyabanda, nxiba ibhatyi." Ngoku, ukuba uyaqaphela ukuba ngenene kuyanetha, ungasebenzisa ikhonkco eliya phambili ukuqikelela ukuba kufuneka uze neambrela.
48. Ikhonkco lokubuyela ngasemva
Ukubuyela ngasemva yindlela yokuqiqa eqala ngesiphelo esinqwenelekayo okanye injongo ize isebenze ngasemva ukuze iqinisekise iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko okanye iinyani ezifunekayo ukuxhasa eso sigqibo. Kufana nokulandela amanyathelo akho ukusuka kwisiphumo esifunekayo ukuya kulwazi lokuqala olufunekayo ukuze usifezekise.
Ukuqonda ikhonkco elibuyela ngasemva, makhe siqwalasele umzekelo olula. Masithi ufuna ukubona ukuba ikulungele na ukuya kuqubha. Isigqibo esinqwenelekayo sesokuba ngaba ukuqubha kufanelekile na ngokusekelwe kwiimeko ezithile.
Esikhundleni sokuqala ngeemeko, i-chaining backward iqala ngesiphelo kwaye isebenze ngasemva ukuze ifumane idatha exhasayo.
Kule meko, ukubuyisela umva kuya kubandakanya ukubuza imibuzo efana "Ngaba imozulu ishushu?" Ukuba impendulo ngu-ewe, ubuya kubuza, "Ngaba likhona idama elikhoyo?" Ukuba impendulo nguewe kwakhona, unokubuza eminye imibuzo efana nale, “Ngaba likho ixesha elaneleyo lokuqubha?”
Ngokuphinda uphendule le mibuzo kunye nokusebenza umva, unokumisela iimeko eziyimfuneko ekufuneka kuhlangatyezwane nazo ukuxhasa ukuqukunjelwa kokuya kuqubha.
49. Heuristic
I-heuristic, ngamagama alula, ngumgaqo osebenzayo okanye isicwangciso esisinceda senze izigqibo okanye sisombulule iingxaki, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokusekelwe kumava ethu adlulileyo okanye intuition. Kufana nendlela emfutshane yengqondo esivumela ukuba sikhawuleze ukuza nesisombululo esifanelekileyo ngaphandle kokuhamba kwinkqubo ende okanye enzima.
Xa ujongene neemeko ezinzima okanye imisebenzi, i-heuristics isebenza njengemigaqo ekhokelayo okanye "imithetho yesithupha" eyenza kube lula ukwenza izigqibo. Basinika izikhokelo eziqhelekileyo okanye izicwangciso ezihlala zisebenza kwiimeko ezithile, nangona zingenakuqinisekisa ngesisombululo esona sisombululo.
Umzekelo, makhe siqwalasele i-heuristic yokufumana indawo yokupaka kwindawo enabantu abaninzi. Endaweni yokuhlalutya ngokucokisekileyo yonke indawo ekhoyo, unokuthembela kwi-heuristic yokukhangela iimoto ezipakiweyo ezineenjini zazo ezisebenzayo.
Le heuristic ithatha ukuba ezi moto sele ziza kuhamba, kwandisa amathuba okufumana indawo ekhoyo.
50. IModeli yoLwimi lweNdalo
Imodeli yolwimi lwendalo, ngamabinzana alula, yinkqubo yokuqeqesha imifuziselo yekhompyutha ukuqonda nokuvelisa ulwimi lwabantu ngendlela efana nendlela abantu abanxibelelana ngayo. Kubandakanya ukufundisa iikhompyutha ukucubungula, ukutolika, kunye nokuvelisa isicatshulwa ngendlela yendalo nenentsingiselo.
Injongo yokwenziwa kolwimi lwendalo kukwenza ukuba iikhompyutha ziqonde kwaye zivelise ulwimi lwabantu ngendlela etyibilikayo, ehambelanayo, nehambelana nomxholo.
Ibandakanya iimodeli zoqeqesho kumthamo omkhulu wedatha yombhalo, efana neencwadi, amanqaku, okanye iincoko, ukufunda iipateni, izakhiwo, kunye nesemantiki yolwimi.
Yakuba iqeqeshiwe, le mifuziselo inokwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo enxulumene nolwimi, njengokuguqulela ulwimi, isishwankathelo sombhalo, ukuphendula imibuzo, ukusebenzisana kwe-chatbot, kunye nokunye.
Banokuqonda intsingiselo kunye nomxholo wezivakalisi, bakhuphe ulwazi olufanelekileyo, kwaye bavelise isicatshulwa esichanekileyo ngokwegrama kwaye sinamathele.
Shiya iMpendulo