Zviri Mukati[Viga][Ratidza]
Kuronga kunoita sekunge kuchagara kwakaoma uye kwakaoma, asi nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwemazuva ano, zvave nyore kupfuura nakare kose.
Kudzidza mutauro mutsva kunoda kudzidzira zvishoma asi zvichiri kuitika nekuzvipira, kukurudzirwa, uye kutsungirira.
Mutauro wekuronga ndiyo hwaro hwemagadzirirwo atinoita maapplication uye mawebhusaiti muzana ramakore re21. Uye kudzidza mutauro mutsva wepurogiramu ibasa rakaoma iro rinosungirwa kukukurira.
Ndosaka takaita tsvakiridzo uye takanyora runyorwa rwemitauro gumi nemishanu yakanakisa yekuronga yevanotanga muna 15 kuti iwe ugone kuita sarudzo ine ruzivo uye sarudza iyo yaunogona kunyatso dzidza.
1. Python
Python mutauro une mukurumbira unoshandiswa pakuvandudza webhu, sainzi yedata, uye kudzidza muchina. Chimwe chinhu chikuru pamusoro pePython ndechekuti iri nyore kudzidza uye nyore kutora kana wangoidzidza. Kune kunyange akawanda epamhepo zviwanikwa zvekudzidza Python online. Python ine dhizaini yakapusa uye yakawanda tsigiro ye otomatiki. Nekudaro, Python haisi yakasimba kwazvo hurongwa mutauro.
Python ine yakavakirwa-mukati madhizaini, zvishwe, zvimiro zvezvirevo, mabasa, uye mamodule anoita kuti kukodha kuve nyore. Iyo ine zvakare open source nharaunda inogadzira maraibhurari akawanda ekushandisa mutauro, zvichiwedzera kuvandudza kugona kwemutauro. Mutauro une tsigiro yakavakirwa-mukati yemaduramazwi, rondedzero, matafura, tuples, uye seti, zvichiita kuti kugadzira mawebhusaiti kuve nyore.
Takatanga yakanyatsorongeka uye iri nyore kudzidza Python tsaona kosi yevanotanga.
Zvakanakira zvePython
- Python inonyatso mushandisi-inoshamwaridzika uye iri nyore kudzidza-chirongwa mutauro. Syntax yaro yakafanana zvikuru nemutauro weChirungu watinotaura nekunyora.
- Python ndiwo mutauro unoshanda zvakanyanya. Vagadziri vanogona kutarisa pakugadzirisa matambudziko pane kutarisisa pane kuomarara uye zvirevo zvemutauro chaiwo wekuronga.
- Python inonyatso shandisa kodhi mutsara nemutsara, sezvo uri mutauro wakadudzirwa. Muchiitiko chekukanganisa, inomisazve kushanda uye inoratidza kukanganisa kumwe chete, zvisinei nenhamba yezvikanganiso chaizvo mukodhi. Izvi zvinofambisa debugging.
- Kusvikira iyo kodhi yaitwa, Python haizive rudzi rweiyo inoshanduka. Panguva yekuuraya, iyo data data inopihwa otomatiki. Inoita kuti mugadziri wacho asanyanya kunetseka nezve kuzivisa marudzi e data muPython.
- Ndiwo mutauro wakavhurika, zvinoreva kuti unogona kudhawunirodha kodhi kodhi uye kuishandura.
- Iyo yakakura Python standard raibhurari ine angangoita ese mabasa anodiwa pabasa rako. Naizvozvo, iwe hauna kutsamira kumaraibhurari ekunze. Iyo Python package maneja (pip) inoita kuti zvive nyore kupinza mamwe mapakeji kubva kuPython package index (PyPi). Kune anopfuura 200,000 mapakeji mairi.
Cons of Python
- Imwe yemakomba makuru ekushandisa Python kumhanya kwayo. Sezvo uri mutauro wakadudzirwa, kuuraya kunononoka nekuda kwemutsara-ne-mutsara execution.
- Python inofanirwa kuita diki diki kuitira kuti zvinhu zvive nyore kune anovandudza. Python mutauro wekugadzirisa ndangariro. Paunenge uchigadzira maapplication, izvi zvinogona kunge zviri dhirowa kana ndangariro optimization ichisarudzwa.
- Sezvo Python isiri ndangariro inoshanda uye inononoka kuita, hatisvike pakuona Python padivi remutengi kana nharembozha.
- Mukuenzanisa neanozivikanwa matekinoroji seJDBC neODBC, Python's database yekuwana layer ndeye rudimentary uye idiki.
- Iyo data yemhando yekusiyana inogona kuchinja chero nguva nekuti Python mutauro wakanyorwa zvine simba. Runtime kukanganisa kunogona kuitika kana shanduko inobata nhamba yakazara ichizochinja kuita tambo mune ramangwana.
2.java
Java mumwe mutauro une mukurumbira unoshandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana. Iyo inozivikanwa kune yayo Runtime Nzvimbo (JRE), iyo inokutendera iwe kuti umhanye maapplication eJava pane chero chikuva. Iyo ine zvakare nhamba yakakura yemaraibhurari anoita kuti budiriro ive nyore.
Icho chokwadi chekuti chiri muchinjika-chikuva chinoreva kuti chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya pamapuratifomu akawanda. Chinhu chimwe chete chakashata pamutauro uyu ndechekuti wakaoma kunzwisisa kupfuura mimwe mitauro.
Yayo huru syntax inobva paC uye C ++, ichiita kuti ive yakafanana neC. Izvi zvinoreva kuti Java inosanganiswa muJVM bytecode iyo inomhanya pane dzose JVM-compatible platforms. Kunyangwe iine akawanda maficha, yakanakira manovices ane yakanaka kumashure muC uye C ++. Yayo inonyanya kufarirwa application domain ndeyekuvandudza kwewebhu.
Zvakanakira Java
- Java ndiyo imwe yemitauro yakapfava yekuronga kudzidza nekushandisa nekuda kwemakodhi ayo akakosha uye anonzwisisika. Kuve mutauro wepamusoro-soro unofananawo nemutauro wevanhu. Inorerutsa kuita kwezvirongwa nekubvisa zvese zvakaoma C uye C ++ zvinhu senge zvinongedzo, zvimiro, uye mibatanidzwa.
- Kugona kweJava kuve mutauro wakanangana nechinhu chimwe chezvakanakira mabhenefiti. Mafungiro eOOP anobatsira Java mukugadzirisa nyaya dzinoshanda. Kupatsanura kodhi hombe kuita madiki, akanyorwa chunks kunoitawo kuti kugadzirisa kuve nyore.
- Java inobvisa kushandiswa kwezvinongedzo izvo zvinotadzisa ndangariro kupinda uye inoita kuti ive mutauro wakachengeteka kupfuura C uye C ++.
- Java mutauro usingadhure sezvo usingade zviwanikwa zvehardware kuti umhanye. Inoita kuti kugadzira Java apps kuve nemari.
- Java "Nyora Kamwe, Mhanya Kwese" mutauro.
- Java inotibvumira kuita tambo dzakawanda panguva imwe chete. Kuvandudza kushanda kwechishandiso uye kuita, vanogovana ndangariro imwe chete. shinda imwe neimwe inoshanda yakaparadzana kubva kune imwe. Izvi zvinoita kuti Java ive mutauro wemulti-threading.
- Java ine tsigiro yakanakisa uye yenguva dzose zvigadziriso zvinosundirwa kuti zvibate kune chero tsikidzi mune sosi kodhi.
Cons yeJava
- Java inoda simba rakawanda rekugadzirisa kushandura kodhi yayo kuita mutauro wemashini. Ndosaka uri mutauro unononoka kana uchienzaniswa nemitauro yemuno seC uye C ++.
- Java inoonekwa seyakashata kana zvasvika kune GUI. Haikwanise kugadzira yakaoma GUI nemimwe mitauro yakaita sePython neC # ine zvirinani uye zvemazuva ano GUI vavaki.
- Java haina kana basa rekuchengetedza data remushandisi. Iyo inonyanya kutarisa nezvekuchengetedza data, zvisinei, hapana chekuchengetedza nzira yedata rakadaro.
- Iyo syntax uye verbose yeJava yakaoma kuoma kana ichienzaniswa nePython. Zvizhinji zvezvirongwa muJava zvinoda mamwe mitsara yekodhi sekuenzanisa neC kana Python.
- Muna Ndira 2019, Oracle yakaita chiziviso chekuti ichatanga kubhadharisa rezinesi rekutengesa reJava 11 uye gare gare. Java yaive chirongwa chemahara panguva iyoyo. Nekuti ivo vaifanira kubhadhara zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemasisitimu ekugamuchira zvigadziriso, izvi zvakanetsa vazhinji vanogadzira mapurogiramu. Kunyangwe kushandiswa kweJava kune zvakajairika kuchiri mahara, kune mutengo une chekuita nekusimudzira uye kuwana kune ese eJava kugona.
3. C ++
C ++ mumwe mutauro wepurogiramu wanga uripo kubva kutanga kwema80s. Yakagadzirwa kutsigira Microsoft Windows uye Unix masisitimu anoshanda. Kubva ipapo, yave yakakurumbira zvakanyanya uye inowanzonzi "baba vakuru" vemitauro yese yekuronga.
Iyo inozivikanwa nekuchengetedza kwayo uye kuvimbika. Pasinei nokuti ine simba, iri nyore kushandisa uye kunzwisisa. Zvisinei, kana uri kutsvaga mutauro unozoita kuti ukwanise kuronga munzvimbo dzakawanda, dzakadai semifananidzo, mifananidzo, kana mavhidhiyo editing, C++ inogona kunge isiri iyo mutauro wakakukodzera.
Zvakanakira zveC ++
- C ++ inozvimiririra papuratifomu uye unogona kutakura kodhi yako nyore kune chero inoshanda sisitimu.
- Imwe yesimba guru reC ++ irutsigiro rwayo rwekuronga-yakatarisana nechinhu, iyo inosanganisira mazano semakirasi, nhaka, polymorphism, kubviswa kwedata, uye encapsulation kuti igone kushandisazve kodhi uye kuwedzera kuvimbika kwechirongwa.
- C ++ mutauro weparadigm yakawanda zvinoreva kuti inosanganisira pfungwa, chimiro, uye maitiro echirongwa. Iwo matatu maparadigms eC ++ ane generic, anosungirwa, uye akanangana nechinhu.
- Sezvo inotorwa kubva kuC, C ++ inobvumira yakaderera-level data manipulation. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vazhinji vanogadzira uye akaiswa masisitimu anogadzirwa nerubatsiro rweC ++.
- Imwe yezvipo zveanongedza muC ++ ndeye DMA (dynamic memory allocation). Inopa ndangariro kutonga kutonga kune programmer.
- C++ ine nharo huru yevashandisi base uye nharaunda. "C ++" ndiyo yechitanhatu inonyanya kushandiswa uye kuteverwa tag paGitHub uye Stack Kufashukira.
- C ++ inozvirumbidza yakakwira scalability zvinoreva kuti inogona kushanda pane ese madiki-diki uye makuru-akawanda data. Izvo zvikumbiro-zvakasimba zvekushandisa zvinogona zvakare kuvakwa paC ++.
Cons yeC ++
- Iko kushandiswa kweanongedza muC ++ kunounza akawanda akaomarara anosanganisira kuchengetedzeka kunetseka uye yakanyanyisa ndangariro kushandiswa.
- Kusiyana neJava, C++ haina chero muunganidzi wemarara anosefa data isingakoshi.
4 C.
C ndeimwe yemitauro inonyanya kufarirwa-chinangwa. Yakagadzirwa muna 1972. Yakashandiswa kugadzira dhatabhesi, maapplication uye kunyange masisitimu anoshanda. C inoonekwa semutauro wakanyanya kukosha uye yakapa zvivharo zvekuvaka mimwe mitauro yakawanda yekuronga. Yakashandawo semutauro wevabereki kuC ++ uye inodada kumwe kufanana mune hunhu hwepakutanga.
Mamiriro ekushandisa ayo akawanda. Yakashandiswa kuvaka yekutanga sisitimu yekushandisa, iyo UNIX. Gare gare, Microsoft Windows yakazonyorwawo muC. Iwo macustomer email Mozilla Firefox neThunderbird akagadzirwawo pachishandiswa C.
Zvakanakira C
- C mutauro une simba uye wakasimba unokupa huwandu hwakasiyana hwesarudzo dzekushanda sezvo iine huwandu hukuru hwemhando dzedata uye vanoshanda.
- Kutakurika kwemutauro weC kwakakwira, zvinoreva kuti inotsigirawo Nyora Imwe Mhanya Kwese (WORA).
- C mutauro unotsigira 32 keywords ane akavakirwa-mukati mabasa. Inoita kuti kuvaka chirongwa muC kuve nyore.
- C ine simba rekuzvipfuudza. Tinogona kuwedzera iyo C Standard Library nemabasa edu.
- C mutauro wakarongeka zvinoreva kuti mapurogiramu akaoma akatsemurwa kuita zvidhinha zviri nyore. Inoita kuti kuyedzwa uye kugadzirisa kuve nyore.
Cons of C
- Kunyangwe iri mutauro wakakura, C haitsigire pfungwa yekuronga-yakatarisana nechinhu.
- C haitarise zvikanganiso mutsetse-ne-mutsara pachinzvimbo, zvikanganiso zvese zvinoratidzwa nemuunganidzi mushure mekunyora kodhi. Inoita kutarisa makodhi makuru ezvikanganiso zvakanyanya kuoma.
- C haishandisi pfungwa yemazita. Nzvimbo yezita inogadzirwa senhevedzano yemirairo yekubvumidza kushandiswazve kwemazita mumamiriro akasiyana. Hatikwanisi kuzivisa mabhii maviri ane zita rimwechete pasina mazita.
- Kuve musimboti muchina mutauro C ine hushoma hwekuvanza data uye yakasarudzika kuoneka.
- Chimwe chezvakanyanya kukosha pamitauro yeprogramme kubata kusarudzika. Panogona kunge paine huwandu hwezvisinganzwisisike uye nyaya pakuvaka iyo kodhi. Uchishandisa kusarudzika kubata, unogona kuona chikanganiso uye kupindura nenzira kwayo. C, zvisinei, haina hunhu hwakakosha uhu.
5. C #
C# mutauro mukuru wekudzidza semutauro wekutanga wepurogiramu yevanotanga. Iyo syntax yakafanana neJavaScript, zvinoreva kana iwe uchitova neruzivo neJavaScript, saka kudzidza C # kuchava nyore kwauri. Mukuwedzera, sezvo Microsoft yakagadzira mutauro uyu, ivo vanowedzera maitiro matsva kazhinji. Semuenzaniso, muna 2017, vakaunza C # 7.3 mutauro maficha.
Izvi zvinosanganisira async/kumirira uye tuples mumitengo yekudzoka. Zvizhinji zvezviwanikwa zviripo zveC #, senge tutorials nemabhuku. Kune zvakare mikana yakawanda yebasa yevagadziri vepurogiramu vachishandisa C #. Mazhinji makambani makuru seGoogle, Apple, Netflix, neAmazon anoshandisa mutauro uyu. Muchidimbu, C # mutauro wakanaka wekuronga wekudzidza.
Zvakanakira C#
- C# inoteedzera misimboti yeObject Oriented Programming (OOP) zvinoreva kuti unogona kutsanangura rudzi uye chimiro che data, kushandisa seti yeakajairwa mabasa kwairi. OOP inoronga data kuita zvinhu, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kupatsanura chirongwa kuita zvidiki, zvinotarisirwa zviri nyore, uye nekukurumidza kujoina zvikamu.
- C# inoonekwa semutauro wepamusoro-soro nekuda kwekuti syntax yayo inotevedzera sei mutauro wevanhu. Kuzvitaura neimwe nzira, inotorwa zvakanyanya kubva pamushini kodhi, ndosaka tichifanira kuunganidza iyo C # kodhi kuitira kuti hardware inzwisise mirairo yayo.
- C # inotsigira in-yakavakirwa marara muunganidzi.
Cons of C#
- C# pachayo mutauro uri nyore kudzidza asi mamwe maraibhurari e.NET anowedzera imwe nhanho yekuoma kune chimiro chayo. Ndosaka ichitendwa kuti ine mawere ekudzidza.
- Zvichienderana ne .NET inobata C# kumashure uye zvinokonzeresa kuoma kana uchishandisa C# pamapuratifomu akawanda.
- Code kuuraya nguva yeC # haisi iyo yakanyanya kunaka uye kuita kwayo hakuna kutariswa kusvika padanho.
6.SQL
Kubva muna 2020, SQL ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa hukama dhatabhesi manejimendi system (RDBMS) yekuchengetedza data uye kubvunza mukombuta yemazuva ano. RDBMS inopa hwaro hwerinenge bhizinesi rega rega uye bhizinesi application nhasi, uye SQL inopa mutauro wemubvunzo kuwana uye kunyengera iwo zvitoro zvedata.
Mutauro wechirongwa unopindirana neSQL unogona kushandiswa kuvaka dhatabhesi application. Sarudzo dzakakurumbira dzekudzidza SQL dzinosanganisira Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio kana MySQL Workbench. Kune zvakare emahara dzimwe nzira, senge pgAdmin III.
Kune akawanda akasiyana eSQL, kusanganisira Object-Relational Mapping (ORM). Mutauro weSQL wave uchishandiswa kubva kuma1960, asi munguva yemazuva ano, kushandiswa kweSQL kwakawedzera zvakanyanya. Mimwe mitauro yekuronga yakabatanidza SQL senzira yekubatanidza nedatabase. Uku kubatanidzwa kunoita kuti zvive nyore kwazvo kushanda nemadatabase. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, dhatabhesi rine huwandu hukuru hwe data inoda kusefa kuburikidza neSQL mibvunzo.
Zvakanakira SQL
- SQL yakakurumbira pakugadzirisa huwandu hukuru hwe data pasina nguva. Unogona kushandura, kudzima kana kuisa data pasina nguva.
- SQL haina yakanyanya hunyanzvi chivharo. Munhu ane ruzivo rwekutanga programming anogonawo kushanda pairi sezvo syntax yaro iri nyore uye chete mazwi makuru senge SELECT, INSERT INTO, UPDATE, etc anoshandiswa kazhinji yenguva.
- Sezvo SQL iri iyo yakamisikidzwa dhatabhesi mutauro, unogona nyore kuwana rutsigiro rwayo.
- SQL inogona kushandiswa musoftware pamaPC, maseva, uye malaptop zvisinei nepuratifomu. Uyezve, inogona kusanganiswa nemamwe mapurogiramu zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu.
Cons yeSQL
- SQL inodada yakaoma user interface uye vashandisi vazhinji vanozviona zvichinetsa kushandisa kekutanga.
- Haisi yakavhurika sosi uye nekudaro kuwana kunogumira kune mamwe mavhezheni.
7. PHP
PHP mutauro wekunyora-chinangwa uye unonyanya kukosha pakuvandudza dandemutande. PHP iri nyore kushandisa uye ndeimwe yemitauro inonyanya kufarirwa pawebhu. Kunyangwe iyo yakatanga kugadzirirwa webhu, haina kugadzirirwa webhu.
Iro server-side scripting mutauro unowanzo shandiswa kumawebhusaiti emunhu. Mamwe mawebhusaiti anoshandisa chete PHP yekumberi kwekupedzisira, nepo mamwe mawebhusaiti anoshandisa ese ari maviri PHP neHTML. Vazhinji vanogadzira webhu vanosarudza PHP kune JavaScript yekugadzira mapeji ewebhu ane simba.
PHP iri nyore kudzidza kupfuura JavaScript nekuda kweiyo syntax. PHP inowanzo shandiswa newebhu server seApache kana Nginx.
Zvakanakira PHP
- Icho chokwadi chekuti PHP yakavhurika-sosi uye haina mutengo-yemahara ndiyo inonyanya kukwezva.
- PHP ipuratifomu-yakazvimirira uye inogona kushandiswa paWindows pamwe neUNIX-based system.
- Zvishandiso zvakavakwa nePHP uye zvakabatana kune dhatabhesi zvinogona kutakurwa nekukasira. Ndosaka PHP iine ruoko rwepamusoro pamusoro pemimwe mitauro yekuronga sezvo ichiita basa riri nani pane husimbe hwekubatanidza internet.
- PHP ine nyore kudzidza curve uye chero munhu anoziva C programming anogona kuitora nyore nyore.
- PHP inofambisa kushandiswa kwekodhi yakafanana uye inobvisa kukosha kwekugadzira yakaoma uye yakareba kodhi ye webhu kunyorera zviitiko.
Cons of PHP
- PHP haina kuchengetedzeka nekuda kwekuvhurika-sosi, nekuti iyo ASCII mameseji faira inowanzowanikwa nyore.
- PHP inoonekwa seisina kukodzera kune yakakura-chiyero chewebhu maapplication.
- Zvishandiso zvepamhepo zvinoita zvisina kunaka kana uchishandisa mamwe PHP masisitimu uye zvishandiso zvinoshanda.
- Hunhu hwepakati hwemaapplication epamhepo haugone kushandurwa kana uchigadzira muPHP.
8. Kurumidza
Swift mutauro wepamusoro wepurogiramu wakagadzirwa neApple. Swift ichangoburwa sumo yemitauro yekuronga. Nepo Swift iine syntax yakafanana uye dhizaini kune mimwe mitauro yekuronga, maficha ayo anoipa mamwe mabhenefiti.
Inopa kugadzikana kwakawanda kupfuura mimwe mitauro yekuronga, uye zvakare yakagadziridzwa kuti ishandiswe pane iOS zvishandiso. Swift zvakare iri nyore kunyora uye kunzwisisa, zvichiita kuti ive yakakwana kune vanogadzira vasingade kupedza nguva yakareba vachidzidza mutauro mutsva.
Semuenzaniso, Swift inokurumidza uye inoshanda, saka yakanakira nhare mbozha uye mitambo. Inoshandisa otomatiki ndangariro manejimendi, iyo inobatsira kune vanogadzira nekuti ivo havafanirwe kunetseka nekuzvibata ivo pachavo. Uye zvakare, yakabatanidzwa neXcode, IDE yeApple, uye inobvumira vanogadzira kushandisa yechitatu-bato IDE.
Nerubatsiro rwaSwift, unogona kuvaka mazano ako kuti ave chokwadi nekuedza kushoma. Inotsigira kutaipa kwakasimba uye raibhurari hombe yezvakavakirwa-mukati mabasa nemaraibhurari. Muchokwadi, Swift inoshandiswa kugadzira masisitimu akadai se Instagram, Uber, uye Pinterest. Swift zvakare ine akawanda enhau dzakanaka maererano nekuwanikwa.
Muchokwadi, kana uine Apple keyboard, unogona kunyora nyore muSwift. Nekudaro, Swift inoshaya zvinyorwa, saka unogona kuzviwana uchinetsekana ne syntax uye mamwe maquirks.
Zvakanakira Swift
- Vagadziri veSwift vakanzwisisa kuti kuigadzira yakavhurika sosi kwaidiwa kuti iite kuti ibude mumakwikwi. Nekudaro, mumakore manomwe ayo anga aripo, Swift yakaunganidza yakakura mushandisi base uye hupfumi hwechitatu-bato maturusi.
- Syntax yayo, iyo dzimwe nguva ingaite seyakaomarara, inokusundidzira iwe kuburitsa yakachena uye inowirirana kodhi. Swift ine dziviriro inobatsira kuverenga uye kudzivirira kukanganisa.
- Dhizaini yaSwift inoisa pamberi pekuita. Swift inorarama zvinoenderana nezita rayo: Maererano neApple, inosvika 2.6 nguva nekukurumidza kupfuura Chinangwa-C uye 8.4 nguva nekukurumidza kupfuura Python, mukuwedzera kukubatsira iwe kugadzira nekukurumidza neyakajeka syntax uye kubata ruoko.
- Swift inoita kuti iwe uwedzere timu yako nekuwedzera vagadziri vatsva: Nekuda kweiyo codebase kujeka uye nyore, onboarding inoitika nekukurumidza.
- Swift's syntax inoonekwa sepedyo nemutauro wevanhu saka kudzidza curve kuri nyore.
- Swift maraibhurari akabatanidzwa mune yega macOS, iOS, tvOS, uye watchOS kuburitswa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chero app yakavakirwa pamapuratifomu iwayo idiki nekuti maraibhurari aya anosanganisirwa.
Cons of Swift
- Swift ane makore manomwe chete. Zvinoita senge nguva refu asi kana zvichienzaniswa nechinhu chakaita seChivavarira C, chavepo kubva kuma7s, kukurumidza kunoratidzika kunge kusakura. Zvinhu zvitsva zviri kuwedzerwa nguva dzose asi mutauro usina kusimba kana uchienzaniswa nevakwikwidzi vawo.
- Kunyangwe iyo nharaunda yeSwift iri kukura nekukasira, ichiri idiki zvakanyanya pane iyo yemumwe mutauro wakavhurika sosi. Chete 5.1 muzana ye83,053 vakapindura kune ichangoburwa Stack Overflow Developer Survey yakashumwa vachishandisa Swift. Izvi zvinoita kuti uve mutauro unogumbura kushanda nawo sezvo ungasawana rutsigiro kubva kune vamwe vane ruzivo vashandisi.
- Swift inotsigira ese anoshanda masisitimu asi yakanyatso gadziridzwa yekuzvarwa iOS budiriro inosiya muchinjika-chikuva musika wakavhurika kune React Native, Xamarin, uye Flutter.
9. Chinangwa-C
Chinangwa-C isarudzo yakanaka kana iwe uchida kudzidza iOS programming kana Mac kuvandudza. Yakafanana neJava asi neC syntax. Zvakakodzera kudzidza kana iwe uchida kupinda mukusimudzira nhare.
Zvizhinji zvezvigadzirwa zveApple, zvakaita seIOS, zvinoshandisa nharaunda yakakura yeVagadziri veObjective-C. Chinhu chakakosha pakudzidza Chinangwa-C ndechekunzwisisa mutsauko uripo pakati peC neObjective-C. Iwo mutemo wakajairika kuti ukaona "C" iwe unoshandisa C syntax chete.
Kune rimwe divi, Objective-C inoshandisa akawanda maficha kubva kuC++ neJava. Kana uchinge wanzwisisa mutsauko, unozogona kunyora zvinoverengeka uye zvipfupi zvirongwa. Iwe uchawana akawanda ezvidzidzo pawebhu zveObjective-C, uye makambani mazhinji anopa muyedzo wemahara kuti utange.
Pros of Objective-C
- Chinangwa-C chakavimbika uye chakashandiswa nekuedzwa nevazhinji vanogadzira. Kune matani emapurojekiti akanyorwa muObjective-C uye kune akawanda makuru echitatu-bato masisitimu. Unogona kuwana rutsigiro nyore kana uri kushanda neObjective-C.
- Chinangwa-C mutauro wakakura uye maapplication haafanire kutakurwa kune nyowani shanduro kazhinji rinova dambudziko rinowanzo kukurumidza.
- Chinangwa-C chiri nyore kubatana neakavanzika APIs.
- Zvigadzirwa zvinosanganisira C kana C ++ kodhi shanda nemazvo nekuti Chinangwa-C chine nzira kubva kumutauro weC.
Cons of Objective-C
- Syntax yeObjective-C yakasarudzika kana ichienzaniswa nemimwe mitauro yekuronga. Yayo ndangariro manejimendi yakanyanya kuomesesa uye ine nhoroondo kumashure iyo C uye Smalltalk inoda kuti inzwisise. Muchidimbu, Objective-C ine hunyanzvi hwepamusoro-soro inodiwa kune vanogadzira.
- Kutsvaga anokwanirisa Objective-C kuvandudza kungave kwakaoma. Nekuda kwekuti vazhinji vanogadzira vatsva vari kudzidza Swift, Objective-C vashandisi vari kuderera zvishoma nezvishoma muhuwandu.
10. Ruby
Ruby mutauro unochinja-chinja uye unonakidza-kushandisa-purogiramu. Iyo inozivikanwa kune yayo Rails web application framework, iyo inoita kuti webhu kuvandudza kuve nyore. Ruby inoshandiswawo mune dzakasiyana siyana dzimwe nzvimbo dzakadai sesainzi komputa, chakagadzirwa njere, Uye zvakawanda.
Ruby yakatanga kugadzirirwa scripting asi iri kuramba ichishandiswa semutauro wekumashure. Iyo ine akati wandei mabhenefiti pamusoro pePython, senge kumhanya, chinhu-chakatarisana nechinhu, uye diki ndangariro tsoka. Ruby yave ichikura mukuzivikanwa, kunyanya mukati mekutanga indasitiri, nekuda kwesimba rayo uye kugona.
Nekudaro, kuchine yakakosha yekudzidza curve, uye nharaunda yaRuby haina kukura kana kugamuchirwa sePython's. Kune zvakare nzira shoma dzakasiyana dzekugadzirisa kodhi yako, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira mukuvhiringidzika. Ruby anopa akawanda akasiyana maraibhurari anogona kuita kuti zvive nyore kunyora maapplication, zvisinei.
Zvakanakira Ruby
- Ruby uye Rails chimiro chinoita kuti zvikwanise kuvaka maapplication nekukurumidza. Ruby inoonekwa seimwe yemitauro inoshanda-inoshanda purogiramu iripo.
- Unogona kuwana toni yevagadziri veRuby paGitHub. Ivo pamwe chete vanoumba nharaunda yakakura, zvichiwedzera kukwezva kwemutauro uyu wechirongwa.
- RoR ndeye yakavhurika-sosi sisitimu yakavakirwa padhatabhesi zvinoenderana neMVC (Model-View-Controller) pateni. Iyo inozvikudza zvinoshamisa anobatsira maturusi uye maraibhurari ayo anopfuura zvakakwana kumhanyisa application
Cons of Ruby
- Nguva dzekumhanya dzekushandisa dzinowanzo kunonoka kupfuura vakwikwidzi kana uchitaura nezve hombe-zvikumbiro.
- Kugadzira mawebhusaiti inzvimbo yakasarudzika yaRuby. Iyi tekinoroji ichaita zvakanyanya ipapo. Kana chigadzirwa chacho chine mamwe maitiro asina kujairika, zvinowedzera kuoma kuchichinja, izvo zvinoomesa mamiriro acho.
- Zvichiri kutorwa semutauro wakasarudzika, Ruby. Kunyangwe yakafambira mberi zvakanyanya kubva pakusikwa kwayo, back-end programmers havawanzo kuifarira.
11. Chikero
Vagadziri veAndroid vanowanzo shandisa Scala. Vazhinji vanoutora semutauro wezvirongwa uri kukurumidza kukura nekuda kwezvimiro zvawo zvine simba, senge mashandiro ehurongwa, actor-based concurrency, isingachinjiki data zvimiro, uye otomatiki parallelization. Nekuda kweizvi, iwo mutauro wakanaka wekuvandudza kushanda kwepamusoro Mobile Apps nemitambo yepakombiyuta.
Pros yeScala
- Scala's syntax inoita seyakajairwa kune chero munhu ane ruzivo mukuronga-yakatarisana nechinhu vachishandisa Java kana mumwe mutauro werudzi rumwe chete. Kuenzaniswa nemitauro yakaita seHaskell, izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kudzidza. Iyo zvakare ipfupi kwazvo kupfuura Java.
- Scala ine imwe yeakanakisa mitsara yeIDE seIntelliJ IDEA, SCALA IDE, EMACS uye ATOM.
- 'Scala' mubatanidzwa we'scalable' uye 'mutauro' saka, scalability ndeimwe yemabhenefiti makuru. Izvi zvinoreva kuti tinogona kuishandisa kugadzira zvakanyanya panguva imwe chete, masisitimu anoshivirira kukanganisa. Kune izvi, isu tinogona kushandisa multiagent concurrency modhi seMutauro Erlang muAkka.
- Scala inogona kunge iri sarudzo yakanakisa ye data analytics kana yakasanganiswa nematekinoroji seApache Spark. Mazhinji mabhizinesi makuru anoshandisa Scala kune zvinhu zvavo uye masevhisi.
Cons of Scala
- Zvinogona nguva nenguva zvichinetsa kunzwisisa mhando-ruzivo sezvo iri musanganiswa wekushanda uye yakanangana nechinhu.
- Iyo haina chaiyo muswe-inodzokorodza optimization, sezvo inoshandisa iyo JVM kuita.
12. Ngura
ngura mutauro mutsva wepurogiramu, uchizviitira zita chairo. Chekutanga, Rust inoita kuti ive yakachengeteka kunyora kodhi yakafanana, iyo yakakosha mu-multi-threaded programming.
NeRust, tine humwe hutongi pamusoro pekuyeuka, izvo zvinotibvumira kudzivirira kuparara. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive zvakanaka pakugadzira zvikumbiro zvakakura, senge zvirongwa zvekombuta uye masisitimu anoshanda. Chimwe chinhu icho Rust inozivikanwa nerudzi rwayo rwekuchengetedza, chimwe chinhu chinobvumira mugadziri kuona kuti hatisi kunyora kodhi inokonzeresa tsikidzi uye kuputsika.
Ngura yakagadzirwa nemusiki wayo aine kuchengeteka mupfungwa. Iyo ine yakachengeteka ndangariro manejimendi uye inofanotaurwa nzira dzekuuraya. Nekuda kwezvimiro izvi, unoonekwa semutauro wemazuva ano wakachengeteka. Inopa kuchengetedzwa kwakawanda uye kutonga. Kune akawanda maturusi, maraibhurari, uye zviwanikwa zviripo zveRust. Rust chinonyanya kukosha chakanakira ndechekuti iri nyore kudzidza. Izvi zvinoreva kuti haufanire kushandisa nguva yakawanda uye simba uchidzidza syntax nyowani uye mapatani.
Iwe unogona kutarisa kune humwe hunyanzvi hunyanzvi, hwakadai seyekugadzirisa kodhi uye kuvaka inochengetedzwa maapplication. Izvo chete zvakaderera ndezvekuti iwe haugone kugadzira makuru maapplication muRust pasina rubatsiro rwemaraibhurari kana masisitimu. Kune raibhurari hombe ye pre-yakavakwa mashandiro, asi inogumira kune izvo zvakavakwa muRust pachayo.
Pros of Rust
- Rust ine Rutsigiro Rwakasimba rwemagetsi ane Guaranteed Chengetedzo, uye Kuoma kwayo kwekodhi kunoita kuti iwedzere kubatsira.
- Rust inopa Kubatanidzwa Kwakareruka kweC nemimwe mitauro mizhinji isina Mutengo Wekubvisa uye ine Yakapfuma Patani uye Syntax.
- Rust inobvumidza iwe kufanotaura maitiro echishandiso panguva yekumhanya, iyo inochengetedza nguva uchiyedza uye kugadzirisa.
Cons of Rust
- Iyo syntax yeRust yakaoma uye ine yakakwira yekudzidza curve.
- Iyo yekumhanyisa kumhanya yeRust haisi iyo inokurumidza kunze uko.
13. JavaScript
JavaScript mutauro wepamusoro-soro wepurogiramu unogona kushandiswa pamapuratifomu akasiyana-siyana. Zvakare zvakareruka kwazvo kudzidza nekunzwisisa nekuti zvakavakirwa pane yakajairika syntax uye pfungwa dzinotonzwisiswa nevagadziri. Kune zvakare hombe ecosystem yakatenderedza JavaScript ine akawanda maraibhurari, masisitimu, uye maturusi.
Zvakanakira JavaScript
- Sezvo JavaScript iri mutauro "wakadudzirwa", inoderedza nguva inodiwa kuti iunganidzwe mune mimwe mitauro yekuronga seJava.
- JavaScript inoshandiswa kwese kwese sezvo ichitsigirwa nebrowser yega yega yemazuva ano. JavaScript tekinoroji inoshandiswa nemabhizinesi ese anozivikanwa, akadai seGoogle, Amazon, PayPal, nezvimwe.
- Nekuti JavaScript yakabatana nemimwe mitauro yekuronga, vazhinji vanogadzira vanofarira kuishandisa kugadzira akasiyana siyana. Chero peji rewebhu kana zvinyorwa zvemumwe mutauro wekombuta zvinogona kuva nazvo.
- Kusimbiswa kwedata kunogona kuitwa mukati mebrowser pachayo pane kuendeswa kune sevha nekuti JavaScript idivi revatengi. Webhusaiti yese haidi kuzorodzwa kana paine kusawirirana. Chete nzvimbo yakasarudzwa yepeji inogadziridzwa nebrowser.
Cons yeJavaScript
- JavaScript haigari yakadhindwa, zvichireva kuti zviri kwauri kuona kuti chirongwa chako hachina zvikanganiso.
- JavaScript inogona kunetsa kuunganidza. Kunyangwe mabhurawuza mazhinji emazuva ano achipa nharaunda dzekusimudzira uye macomiler, vamwe vanogadzira vanozviwana zvisina kunaka.
14. Gungano
Kana iwe uchitsvaga mutauro unoshanda, wakakwana, uye unokurumidza, ipapo gungano rinogona kunge riri rako. Gungano hausi chete mutauro wakaita kuti makombiyuta agoneke. Iyo syntax iri nyore kutora uye iri nyore kunzwisisa, uye yakanaka kune vanotanga vanoda kugadzira yavo. yevhidhiyo kana mapurogiramu. Iwe uchave nekutonga kwakazara pamusoro pekodhi yako.
Pros of Assembly
- Mutauro wegungano une kukurumidza kukurumidza pakati pevakwikwidzi.
- Inoshandisa ndangariro zvakanyanya.
- Mutauro wegungano unogadzira madiki uye akakwana eexecution module.
- Mutauro wegungano une kutonga kwakawanda pamusoro pehardware.
Cons of Assembly
- Zvakakosha kuziva kuti nekuti uyu ndiwo mutauro wekutanga wemakombuta, hazvisi nyore kudzidza uye zvinotora nguva kuti uzive.
15. Dart
Dart mutauro wemuchinjika-chikuva wakagadziridzwa neGoogle uyo unosimudzira pfungwa-yakatarisana nehurongwa hwekuita (OOP). Dart ine yakapusa syntax uye inopa maficha akadai seasynchronous data hova, reactive programming, uye nharembozha.
Muchokwadi, Dart inobvumira vanogadzira kuvaka maapplication uye nekuaendesa kune akawanda mapuratifomu ane imwechete kodhi base. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive imwe yemitauro yepamusoro yekuronga kune vanotanga. Kuti utange kuvaka neDart, unofanirwa kuisa iyo Dart Mharidzo kubva dartlang.org kana kutsvaga plugin yeIDE yako.
Zvakanakira zveDart
- Dart inobvumira vashandisi kuvaka zvikumbiro zvekunze, izvo zvinogona kunyanya kubatsira kune vanogadzira mafoni.
- Iyo Dart Programming Mutauro ndeyemahara uye yakavhurika sosi, inobvumira vanogadzira webhu, vanogadzira maapplication, uye chero munhu anoda kunyora zvirongwa kuti azvishandise mahara.
- Chero JavaScript coder inogona nyore kutora Dart programming. Vanongoda kujairana nepfungwa dzakakosha dzemutauro wechirongwa ichi kuti vaite izvi.
- Dart yakagadzikana uye inogona kushandiswa kugadzira chaiyo-nguva maapplication egiredhi rekugadzira. Mutauro wechirongwa unotsigira nhaka, mainterfaces, uye sarudzo yemhando yekugona, inotarisana nechinhu.
Cons of Dart
- Zviwanikwa zvewebhu zveDart zvakaganhurirwa, zvichiita kuti zviome kuwana mhinduro kumatambudziko. Kushaikwa kwenharaunda yakakosha uye yakabatana yekusimudzira iyo inokubatsira iwe ndicho chikonzero.
- Dart ichiri mubudiriro. Kunyangwe izvo zvakanakisa uye pasina "chakashata" nazvo, kana ukatanga hurongwa muDart nhasi, pane mukana wekuti API inogona kuchinja kana kuti mamwe madeta haazonyatso nyorwa kana kunyatso kunyorwa.
Iyi yaive mitauro yainyanya kufarirwa yehurongwa hwegore ra2020. Tinovimba kuti chinyorwa ichi chakakubatsira mukutsvaga mutauro wakanakisa wekutanga rwendo rwako rwekodha.
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